组织蛋白酶B在鼻咽癌患者组织和血清中的表达及临床意义

目的 通过测定组织蛋白酶B （Capthesin B）在鼻咽癌组织和血清标本中的表达量,探讨Capthesin B作为评估鼻咽癌患者治疗预后的可行性。方法 收集长沙金域医学检验中心2019年8月—2020年2月50例鼻咽癌组织和癌旁正常组织标本,免疫组织化学（IHC）检测组织标本Capthesin B表达,比较分析蛋白表达差异。收集湖南省肿瘤医院2019年7月—2020年3月106例鼻咽癌患者治疗前、治疗后及40例健康体检者的血清标本,ELISA试验检测血清Capthesin B浓度,并比较分析3组间的血清Capthesin B浓度。结果 IHC结果显示,鼻咽癌组织Capthesin B阳性率显著高于癌旁正常组织（P< 0.001）。ELISA结果表明,鼻咽癌患者血清Capthesin B 1.23（0.64,2.27） ng/mL显著高于健康体检组的（0.98 ±0.49） ng/mL （P< 0.05）,鼻咽癌患者治疗后血清Capthesin B 0.69（0.39,1.42） ng/mL显著低于治疗前的1.23（0.64,2.27） ng/mL （P<0.001）。TNM分期III、IV患者血清Capthesin B （2.09 ±1.50） ng/mL显著高于I、II期患者的1.14（0.60,2.12） ng/mL,提示Capthesin B水平与TNM分期显著相关（P<0.05）。鼻咽癌颈淋巴结转移组血清Capthesin B （2.63±1.67） ng/mL显著高于未转移组的1.10（0.59,2.14） ng/mL （P<0.01）,提示Capthesin B与转移相关。工作特征（ROC）曲线下面积（AUC）为0.670（P<0.001）,提示血清Capthesin B可作为鼻咽癌疗效预测的参考指标。结论 鼻咽癌组织Capthesin B高表达和患者血清Capthesin B浓度明显升高,治疗后其浓度降低,提示Capthesin B与鼻咽癌发生发展密切相关。Capthesin B与肿瘤淋巴结转移及TNM分期呈正相关,提示Capthesin B可作为鼻咽癌治疗预后的参考指标。     

甲状腺乳头状癌患者甲状腺肿瘤特征对颈侧区淋巴结转移的影响

目的 研究甲状腺乳头状癌患者甲状腺肿瘤特征对颈侧区淋巴结转移的预测作用。方法 回顾性分析2017年1月—2020年12月手术治疗的甲状腺乳头状癌患者的临床资料509例,男105例,女404例;年龄18~85岁,平均(45.38±14.85)岁。其中临床分期Ⅰ期382例,Ⅱ期127例。采用多因素二元Logistic回归分析甲状腺乳头状癌患者颈侧区淋巴结转移的影响因素。结果 根据病理诊断结果是否存在颈侧区淋巴结转移,其中178例患者存在颈侧区淋巴结转移,331例患者不存在颈侧区淋巴结转移。存在颈侧区转移和不存在颈侧区转移的患者临床资料比较发现,存在颈侧区转移的患者中年龄<40岁、肿瘤最大直径>2 cm、转移中央区淋巴数量>5个、多灶性以及鼠类肉瘤滤过性毒菌致癌基因同源体B1(v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1,BRAF)不存在突变的患者比例显著高于存在颈侧区转移的患者(P<0.05)。采用多因素二元Logistic回顾分析结果发现肿瘤最大直径>2 cm (OR=3.482,95%CI:1.482~5.642,P=0.000)、转移中央区淋巴结数量>5个(OR=6.583,95%CI:2.384~12.373,P=0.000)、多灶性(OR=3.473,95%CI:1.387~8.684,P=0.032)以及BRAF不存在突变(OR=3.952,95%CI:1.489~9.572,P=0.000)是甲状腺乳头状癌发生颈侧区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。结论 肿瘤最大直径>2 cm、转移中央区淋巴数量>5个、多灶性以及BRAF不存在突变是甲状腺乳头状癌患者出现颈侧区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。     

先天性耳廓畸形耳模矫正的疗效分析

目的 分析先天性耳廓畸形耳模矫正治疗的临床疗效。方法 回顾2019年1月—2021年12月在湖南省妇幼保健院耳鼻咽喉科门诊进行耳模矫正的201例（318耳）先天性耳廓畸形患儿，按患儿开始治疗的日龄将其分为3组：109例（181耳）<14 d的患儿为1组，75例（117耳）14～42 d的患儿为2组，17例（20耳）43～89 d的患儿为3组；分析3组患儿的治疗效果、治疗时长、并发症发生率等。结果 201例（318耳）先天性耳廓畸形患儿治疗的显效及治愈率为93.4%，佩戴时长平均（32.4±10.8） d，并发症发生率45.9%。3组的治疗显效及治愈率分别为96.7％、90.6％、80.0％，组间差异具有统计学意义（χ²=10.479，P=0.005）；3组的矫正时长分别为（30.2±10.4）、（35.2±10.8）、（35.5±9.7） d，组间差异具有统计学意义（F=8.940，P=0.000）；3组的并发症发生率分别为37.0％、59.8％和45.0％，差异具有统计学意义（χ²=14.900，P=0.001）。结论 先天性耳廓畸形患儿通过耳模矫正可获得良好的治疗效果，14 d内开始治疗有助于提高治疗效率，缩短治疗时长，降低并发症发生率。     

日间手术模式下内镜辅助低温等离子腺样体消融术的临床探讨

目的 探讨日间手术模式下内镜辅助低温等离子腺样体消融术的可行性和安全性。方法 回顾分析2018年1—12月佛山市第一人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科收治的108例腺样体肥大患者的临床资料，根据住院流程分为日间组65例和住院组43例。日间组于门诊完成各项检查，24 h内完成入院、手术、出院。比较两组患者手术情况（手术时间、出血量）、围手术期并发症（术后疼痛、发热、出血）和住院相关指标（术前等待时间、住院时间、住院总费用、西药费）。结果 日间组65例患者均顺利完成手术，日间组和住院组的手术时间分别为（6.9±2.3） min和（7.5±2.8） min，出血量分别为（5.2±3.6） mL和（5.5±2.4） mL，组间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。日间组3例出现术后发热、无术后出血、平均疼痛指数评分为（1.6±0.5）分；住院组6例出现术后发热、无术后出血、平均疼痛指数评分为（2.1±1.1）分，组间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。日间组和住院组临床疗效分别是96.9%（63/65）和95.3%（41/43），两组差异无统计学意义（P=0.935）。日间组术前等待时间和住院时间分别为（1.2±0.6） h和（10.5±2.8） h，较住院组术前等待时间（21.5±5.8） h和住院时间（76.2±12.5） h均明显缩短（P<0.001）。日间组住院总费用和西药费分别是（9 629.1±206.8）元和（650.4±54.3）元，亦较住院组住院总费用（11 672.7±1 016.2）元和西药费（779.5±103.9）元明显减少，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 日间手术模式下开展内镜辅助低温等离子腺样体消融术是安全、有效的，与住院手术相比可大大缩短术前等待时间和住院时间，降低住院费用，有助于减少医疗资源的消耗，加快病房运行效率。     

临床淋巴结阴性甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者中央区淋巴结转移危险因素分析

目的 探讨临床淋巴结阴性(cN₀)甲状腺微小乳头状癌(PTMC)患者颈中央区淋巴结转移(CLNM)预测模型。方法 本研究纳入2015—2020年在西安交通大学第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科手术确诊的cN₀-PTMC患者共1271例,根据手术记录和术后病理结果统计年龄、性别、肿瘤最大径、肿瘤位置、侧别、BRAF^V600E基因突变、伴结节性甲状腺肿(NG)和桥本氏甲状腺炎(HT)情况、腺外侵犯、被膜侵犯、颈淋巴结转移等临床病理资料,分析CLNM与各临床病理参数的相关性。结果 采用年龄45岁作为分类标准进行单因素分析。结果显示男性患者、年龄、肿瘤直径、是否伴HT、是否多灶性均与cN₀-PTMC发生CLNM相关(P＜0.05)。伴NG、BRAF^V600E基因突变、肿瘤位置、腺外侵犯、肿瘤侧、被膜侵犯均与cN₀-PTMC发生CLNM无相关性(P＞0.05)。继续进行非条件Logistic回归分析,结果显示男性患者(OR=1.929,95%CI: 1.465~2.541),年龄≤45岁(OR=2.581,95%CI:2.004~3.324),多灶性(OR=1.675,95%CI: 1.276~2.197)是cN₀-PTMC患者发生CLNM的独立危险因素;直径≤5 mm(OR=0.603,95%CI: 0.463~0.785)和伴HT(OR=0.642,95%CI: 0.452~0.913)是cN₀-PTMC患者发生CLNM的保护因素。伴HT是cN₀-PTMC患者BRAF^V600E基因野生型的危险因素(OR=3.454,95%CI: 1.865~6.397)。结论 男性患者、年龄≤45岁、肿瘤直径＞5 mm、不伴HT、多灶性是cN₀-PTMC患者发生CLNM的独立危险因素。伴HT是此类患者发生BRAF^V600E基因突变的保护因素,与其他临床病理特征无相关性。     

老年性聋患者认知功能障碍初探

目的 分析老年性聋患者认知功能障碍情况,初步探讨老年性聋患者认知功能障碍的干预措施。方法 以2018年10月-2020年4月于空军特色医学中心行听力测试及言语识别能力调查的55例60岁及以上老年性聋患者为研究对象,其中男27例,女28例;年龄60~95岁。所有研究对象完成纯音听阈测试（PTA）、简易智能精神状态量表（MMSE）评估及普通话快速噪声下言语测试（M-Quick SIN）,分析不同年龄、不同听力损失程度和信噪比损失（SNR loss）程度下老年性聋患者的MMSE得分情况。结果 ①60~69岁组MMSE得分（27.89±1.82）分,高于70~79岁组（26.35±2.03）分和≥ 80岁组（25.19±2.07）分的得分,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;70~79岁组和≥ 80岁组间MMSE量表得分的差异不具有统计学意义（P>0.05）;②不同听力损失组间MMSE量表得分的差异不具有统计学意义（P>0.05）;③轻度SNR loss组的MMSE量表得分（27.13±1.80）分高于重度SNR loss组（24.20±1.64）分（P<0.05）;轻度SNR loss组和中度SNR loss组、中度SNR loss组和重度SNR loss组间MMSE量表得分的差异不具有统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 老年性聋患者认知功能障碍以SNR loss为主要特征,在听力损失早期进行干预是最佳时机。     

人乳头状瘤病毒相关口咽鳞状细胞癌的特点及临床分析

目的 分析人乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）相关口咽鳞状细胞癌（OPSCC）的临床特点,探讨不同治疗方案对OPSCC患者生活质量的影响,以期更好地指导制定临床治疗方案并判断预后。方法 收集2014年1月-2019年1月在北京友谊医院诊治的38例OPSCC患者临床资料,男31例,女7例;其中扁桃体癌24例、舌根癌14例;HPV阳性患者13例,阴性患者25例;I、II期患者10例,III、IV期患者28例。38例患者中行同步放化疗4例,单纯根治性放疗2例,手术加术后放疗或放化疗27例,诱导化疗+术前放疗+手术或术后补充放疗5例。采用χ²检验分析HPV感染的临床特点,采用Kaplan-Meier法、Log-rank单因素分析和Cox回归模型多因素分析法计算生存率和预后相关因素分析;非参数秩和检验进行生活质量分析。结果 在OPSCC患者中,非吸烟、饮酒患者HPV阳性率更高（P=0.014,P=0.049）,HPV相关OPSCC患者更易发生颈部淋巴结转移（P=0.032）。HPV阳性以及肿瘤分期I、II患者总生存率更高（P=0.003,P=0.006）,且为影响患者预后的独立危险因素。3种治疗方案患者总生存率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但同步放化疗患者吞咽功能障碍更显著,差异存在统计学意义（P=0.002）。结论 HPV相关OPSCC患者中多为非吸烟、饮酒的人群,更容易发生颈部淋巴结转移,但预后相对较好。可考虑降级治疗以保护患者的吞咽功能,改善治疗后的生活质量。     

鼻声反射和鼻阻力测量在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者术后鼻功能评估中的应用

目的 探讨鼻声反射和鼻阻力测量在鼻腔扩容手术治疗鼻腔结构异常致阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者鼻功能评估中的应用。方法 选择经多导睡眠监测（PSG）确诊且经视觉模拟量表（VAS）评估具有鼻塞、鼻内镜及鼻窦CT检查证实结构异常的成年OSAHS患者36例作为研究对象。根据检查结果实施个体化的鼻内镜下鼻腔扩容手术。术前及术后6个月所有患者均进行VAS评估、鼻声反射测量和鼻阻力测量,比较手术前后测量结果。结果 患者术前VAS评估计分、鼻腔吸气总阻力、鼻腔呼气总阻力、鼻腔最小横截面积、鼻腔容积、最小横截面积至前鼻孔的距离分别为（6.97±1.27）分、（2.07±1.07）kPa/L·S^-1、（2.15±1.09）kPa/L·S^-1、（0.39±0.16）cm²、（2.20±0.97）cm³及（1.97±0.47）cm;术后6个月分别为（1.33±0.92）分、（1.69±1.03）kPa/L·S^-1、（1.90±1.02）kPa/L·S^-1、（0.51±0.17）cm²、（2.73±1.05）cm³及（2.19±0.46）cm。手术前后各指标差异均具有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。结论 鼻腔扩容术可以显著改善伴有鼻腔结构异常的OSAHS患者的鼻通气功能,鼻声反射和鼻阻力测量能客观评估鼻腔扩容手术治疗前后伴有鼻腔结构异常的OSAHS患者鼻通气功能的变化。     

耳内镜与显微镜下Ⅰ型鼓室成形术的临床疗效分析

目的 探讨耳内镜与显微镜下Ⅰ型鼓室成形术治疗鼓膜穿孔患者的临床疗效。方法 收集2017年1月-2020年10月因慢性化脓性中耳炎行Ⅰ型鼓室成形术122例（122耳）,其中耳内镜下Ⅰ型鼓室成形术（ETT）62例;显微镜下Ⅰ型鼓室成形术（MTT）60例。所有患者术后均随访6个月以上,比较两组患者术中出血量、鼓索神经损伤率、手术时间、术后出院时间、住院费用,鼓膜愈合情况,对手术前与术后6个月的平均气导听阈（PTA）,气骨导差（ABG）进行分析,采用视觉模拟评分（VAS）评估患者术后24h疼痛反应。结果 ETT组具有术中出血量少、手术时间短、术后疼痛反应轻、出院时间缩短、住院总费用少等优越性,两组差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。ETT和MTT组中鼓膜愈合率分别为93.5%和90.0%,鼓索神经损伤率分别为6.5%和8.3%;ETT组术前PTA为（43.2±11.3）dB、AGB为（19.8±8.6）dB,MTT组术前PTA为（45.6±12.1）dB,AGB为（21.3±9.4）dB。术后6个月复查PTA两组均下降,ETT组为（33.7±8.3）dB,MTT组为（35.3±9.1）dB;复查ABG两组均下降,ETT组为（9.4±6.1）dB,MTT组为（10.7±6.4）dB。两组术式差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 与MTT相比,ETT能明显减轻术后疼痛、缩短手术时间、住院时间,减少总住院费。在术后穿孔修补、听力改善以及并发症等方面与传统手术MTT疗效相当,值得在中耳手术中推广使用。     

分化型甲状腺癌组织中β-连环蛋白和维生素D受体的表达及其与术后复发关系的探讨

目的 探讨分化型甲状腺癌组织中β-连环蛋白（β-catenin）和维生素D受体（VDR）表达,并分析其与术后复发的关系。方法 回顾性分析2009年7月-2015年7月收治的185例分化型甲状腺癌患者的临床资料,均接受手术切除治疗,其中甲状腺全切/次全切术101例,术中实施颈淋巴结清扫术者82例;腺叶加峡叶切除术80例,术中实施颈淋巴结清扫术者65例;局部广泛切除术4例,均于术中实施颈淋巴结清扫术。采用免疫组化法（SP）检测癌组织和切缘正常组织β-catenin、VDR表达,对比其阳性表达率;对比复发与未复发患者癌组织β-catenin、VDR阳性表达率;分析影响患者术后复发的危险因素。结果 癌组织β-catenin、VDR蛋白阳性表达率分别为75.68%、35.68%,切缘正常组织分别为62.70%、67.03%,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;术后随访1~10.5年,平均（4.52±1.01）年,复发率为10.81%,复发患者癌组织β-catenin蛋白阳性表达率高于未复发患者（P<0.05）,VDR蛋白阳性表达率低于未复发患者（P<0.05）;III期、腺叶加峡叶切除术、癌组织β-catenin蛋白阳性表达、癌组织VDR蛋白阴性表达均是分化型甲状腺癌患者术后复发的独立危险因素（P<0.05）,而术中实施颈淋巴结清扫术、术后辅助治疗均是其保护因素。结论 分化型甲状腺癌组织中β-catenin蛋白阳性表达率较切缘正常组织高,VDR蛋白阳性表达率则较低,且复发患者更甚,癌组织β-catenin蛋白阳性表达、VDR蛋白阴性表达与III期、腺叶加峡叶切除术均是其危险因素,且术中实施颈淋巴结清扫术、术后辅助治疗可降低复发风险。     

Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: factors related to occult lymph node metastasis

IntroductionElective neck dissection is recommended in cases of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma without lymph node metastasis because of the risk of occult metastasis.ObjectiveThe present study aimed to evaluate predictive factors for occult lymph node metastasis in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma treated with elective neck dissection and their impact on overall and disease-free survival.MethodsForty surgically treated patients were retrospectively included.ResultsTen cases (25%) had lymphatic metastasis. Of the studied variables, perineural and angiolymphatic invasion in addition to tumor thickness were statistically associated with lymph node metastasis. Only angiolymphatic invasion was identified as an independent risk factor for occult metastasis in the logistic regression (OR = 39.3; p = 0.002). There was no association between overall and disease-free survival with the presence of occult lymph node metastasis.ConclusionMetastatic disease rate was similar to that found in the literature. Perineural and angiolymphatic invasion and tumor thickness were associated with occult metastasis, but only angiolymphatic invasion showed to be an independent risk factor     

Histopathological predictors of occult lymph node metastases in supraglottic squamous cell carcinomas

Lymph node metastasis appears to be the most important factor determining survival in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. Supraglottic laryngeal carcinomas have a known tendency to metastasize to cervical lymph nodes because of the extensive lymphatic network present. This retrospective cohort study was conducted to define possible histopathological parameters affecting cervical lymph node metastasis and then using these parameters to create a scale to predict occult lymph node metastasis in supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma. The pathological slides of 61 operated patients were reevaluated for tumor grade, lymphatic-vascular invasion, invasion pattern of tumor margins, perineural invasion and lymphocytic infiltration. Grade (P < 0.001), lymphatic-vascular invasion (P < 0.001) and tumor margins (P = 0.007) were found to be closely associated with neck metastasis. To define the risk factors for occult metastasis, a grading scale was created by using grade (G), lymphatic-vascular invasion (L) and tumor margin (M) findings of patients. None of the patients with a GLM value of zero developed occult metastasis. On the other hand occult metastasis was found in 58.8% of N0 patients with a GLM value that was more than zero. These findings indicate that patients with high-grade tumors having infiltrating borders and lymphatic-vascular invasion have a high risk for occult metastasis so that elective treatment of the neck either by neck dissection or radiotherapy should be added to therapy. Serial sections of specimens are needed to avoid missing metastatic loci of disease. Received: 19 February 1999 / Accepted: 30 December 1999     

An examination of the cutoff value of the depth of invasion for prophylactic neck dissection in stage I/II tongue cancer

Abstract

Background: In stage-I/stage-II oral tongue cancer, the cutoff value of depth of invasion (DOI) for prophylactic neck dissection is controversial.

Objectives: To examine the relationship between the DOI and the rate of occult lymph node metastasis. In addition, to examine the relationship between the DOI evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and pathological DOI.

Materials and methods: In this retrospective study, 95 patients with clinical T1-2/N0M0 oral tongue cancer were enrolled. The rate of occult lymph node metastasis per DOI between 2 and 11?mm was calculated from the total pathological lymph node metastasis and delayed neck metastasis cases. We measured DOI using MRI and compared DOI obtained from pathology.

Results: The total rate of occult lymph node metastasis was 23.9%. In the rate of occult lymph node metastasis per DOI, there were two peaks at point of 5 to 6?mm and 9 to 10?mm. And there was a significant correlation between the DOI evaluated by MRI and the pathological DOI (Pearson’s correlation coefficient was 0.87).

Conclusions and significance: There was no consistent increase in the rate of occult lymph node metastasis per DOI. MRI was a useful modality to measure the DOI.     

甲状腺微小乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移危险因素分析

目的 回顾性研究甲状腺微小乳头状癌(PTMC)颈部淋巴结转移的危险因素.方法 收集2010年1月-2020年3月西安交通大学第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科收治的1363例PTMC患者的临床资料,分析其性别、年龄、肿瘤直径、多灶性、腺外侵犯(ETE)、肿瘤侧别、颈淋巴结转移、BRAFV600E突变与颈淋巴结转移的关系.结果...     

Clinicopathologic factors and preoperative ultrasonographic characteristics for predicting central lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: a single center retrospective study

IntroductionThe treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma remains controversial. Central lymph node metastasis is common in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and it is an important consideration in treatment strategy selection.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate clinicopathologic risk factors and thyroid nodule sonographic characteristics for central lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the data of 599 papillary thyroid microcarcinoma patients who underwent surgery from 2005 to 2017 at a single institution. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the clinicopathologic factors and preoperative sonographic features of central lymph node metastasis. A receiver-operating characteristic, ROC curve analysis, was performed to identify the efficacy of ultrasonographic features in predicting central lymph node metastasis. A nomogram based on the risk factors was established to predict central lymph node metastasis.ResultsThe incidence of central lymph node metastasis was 22.4%. The univariate and multivariate analyses suggested that gender, age, multifocality, extrathyroidal invasion, and lateral lymph node metastasis were independent risk factors for central lymph node metastasis. The univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that nodular shape, margin, and calcification were independently associated with central lymph node metastasis. The ROC curve analysis revealed that the combination of shape, margin and calcification had excellent accuracy in predicting central lymph node metastasis. The nomogram was developed based on the identified risk factors for predicting central lymph node metastasis, and the calibration plot analysis indicated the good performance and clinical utility of the nomogram.ConclusionsCentral lymph node metastasis is associated with male gender, younger age (<45 years), extrathyroidal invasion, multifocality and lateral lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma patients. The ultrasongraphic features, such as irregular shape, ill-defined margin and calcification, may improve the efficacy of predicting central lymph node metastasis. Surgeons and radiologists should pay close attention to the patients who have these risk factors. The nomogram may help guide surgical decision making in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.     

Relationship Between Preepiglottic Space Invasion and Lymphatic Metastasis in Supracricoid Partial Laryngectomy With Cricohyoidopexy

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine the role of preepiglottic space (PES) invasion in lymph node metastasis and prognosis in patients undergoing supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SCPL) with cricohyoidopexy (CHP).

Methods

A retrospective review of 42 previously untreated patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx that underwent surgery was performed. The mean age of the subjects was 61.3 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 38:4. Regarding their pathological stages, there were 3, 8, 22, and 9 cases of stage T1 to T4, respectively. Concerning the disease stage of the cervical lymph nodes, there were 30, 5, 6, and 1 cases with N0 to N3, respectively.

Results

The PES invasion rate was 23.8% (10/42). Significant correlations were found between PES invasion and cervical lymph node metastasis (P=0.002). Seven of the 10 patients (70.0%) with PES invasion had cervical lymph node metastasis, whereas only 5 of the 32 patients (15.6%) without any evidence of PES invasion had lymph node metastasis. There was also a significant correlation of PES invasion with age (P=0.002) and T stage (P=0.030). However, there was no significant relationship between gender, primary tumor site, anterior commissure invasion, subglottic extension, paraglottic space invasion and PES invasion. There was a 5-year disease-specific survival of 70%. PES invasion served as a statistically significant prognostic factor for disease-specific survival (P=0.004). Cervical nodal metastasis (P=0.003) and subglottic extension (P=0.01) were also statistically significant prognostic factors associated with disease-specific survival.

Conclusion

The PES invasion was significantly related to the cervical lymph node metastasis and prognosis in patients undergoing SCPL with CHP.     

The potential risk of vessel infiltration and cervical lymph node metastasis in hypopharyngeal superficial squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective observational study

Conclusion: The depth of hypopharyngeal superficial cancer may predict vessel infiltration and potential risk of cervical lymph node metastasis. Objectives: To elucidate the histopathological predictors of vessel infiltration and the risk of regional lymph node metastasis in hypopharyngeal superficial cancer. Methods: This study included 31 lesions from 30 patients who had undergone transoral en bloc resection in the hospital. Patients with intraepithelial neoplasia or muscular invasion were excluded. Patient characteristics, nodal status, state of vessel infiltration, state of perineural invasion, histopathological parameters, and post-operative cervical lymph node recurrence were retrospectively examined. The histopathological parameters measured were tumor diameter and the following three parameters: tumor thickness, depth from the mucosal surface, and depth from the basement membrane. Correlations between histopathological parameters and state of vessel infiltration were statistically analyzed. Results: Of the 31 lesions examined, four had vessel infiltration. Three of the four lesions with vessel infiltration had regional lymph node metastasis as well as subsequent lymph node metastasis. Lesions with vessel infiltration were significantly deeper than those without. In contrast, there was no significant difference in lesion diameters. In addition, there was no correlation between the depth and the diameter of the lesion.     

Occult nodal metastasis in head and neck carcinoma patients treated with chemoradiotherapy

Background and aimNeck lymph node metastasis plays an important role in the prognosis of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occult nodal metastasis in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with chemo radiotherapy.MethodsIn this 5-year prospective study, patients with recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HN-SCC) after primary treatment with chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy that candidate for surgery were enrolled. In total, 50 patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck with N0 neck were included in the study. Age, initial location of recurrent tumor, T staging in primary and recurrent tumors, neck condition (N0 or N+), and pathology report for neck metastasis, number of affected lymph nodes and duration of tumor recurrence were examined.ResultsOut of 50 patients with mean age of 57.04 ± 14.4 years, 13 were female (26%) and 37 (74%) were male. In terms of primary tumor size, 52% (26 patients) were in T2 stage. The primary and recurrent tumor was located in the oral cavity in 33 patients (66%). Nine 0f 50 patients (18%) had occult metastases.ConclusionIt seems that END surgery is necessary for treatment the occult lymph node neck metastasis of recurrent head and neck cancers with N0 neck. Therefore, it is possible that END surgery has reduced cervical recurrence in these patients.     

Occurrence of lymph node metastasis in early-stage parotid gland cancer

Lymph node metastasis is one of the most important factors in therapy and prognosis for patients with parotid gland cancer. Nevertheless, the extent of the primary tumor resection and the necessity of a neck dissection still is a common issue. Since little is known about lymph node metastasis in early-stage parotid gland cancer, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence of lymph node metastases in T1 and T2 carcinomas and its impact on local control and survival. We retrospectively analyzed 70 patients with early-stage (T1 and T2) primary parotid gland cancer. All patients were treated with parotidectomy and an ipsilateral neck dissection from 1987 to 2009. Clinicopathological and survival parameters were calculated. The median follow-up time was 51.7 months. A positive pathological lymph node stage (pN+) was found in 21.4% of patients with a significant correlation to the clinical lymph node stage (cN) (p = 0.061). There were no differences in the clinical and histopathological data between pN− and pN+ patients. In 73.3% of pN+ patients, the metastases were located intraparotideal. The incidence of occult metastases (pN+/cN−) was 17.2%. Of all patients with occult metastases, 30.0% had extraparotideal lymphatic spread. A positive lymph node stage significantly indicated a poorer 5-year overall as well as 5-year disease-free survival rate compared to pN− patients (p = 0.048; p = 0.011). We propose total parotidectomy in combination with at least a level II–III selective neck dissection in any case of early-stage parotid gland cancer.     

Relationships between metastasis-associated protein (MTA) 1 and lymphatic metastasis in tonsil cancer

We evaluated immunohistochemically the expression profiles of metastasis-associated protein (MTA) 1 and their associations with lymph node metastasis in tonsil cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis of 43 tonsillar neoplasm tissues was performed using antibodies raised to MTA1. Depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and clinical outcomes were assessed. Clinical N0 patients were divided into two groups: N0a, negative for MTA1; N0b, positive for MTA1. Occult node metastasis was reevaluated according to the revised clinical N staging system taking account of MTA1 expression. The expression rate of MTA1 was 41.9%. There was a significant correlation between the expression of MTA1 and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.034*). MTA1 had a sensitivity of 53.3% and a specificity of 84.6% for identification of cervical metastases. When cN0b patients were considered to be N+, the recalculated rate of occult metastasis fell from 50% to 7.6% (the false-positive rate remained unchanged). MTA1 was found to be a useful molecular marker to predict lymphatic metastasis in tonsil cancer.