下睑缩肌移位联合外眦韧带缩短术矫正退行性下睑内翻

目的：观察和对比下睑缩肌移位联合外眦韧带缩短术及单纯眼轮匝肌切除术治疗老年退行性睑内翻的方法及疗效。
　　方法：收集我院因退行性睑内翻住院的患者,观察组共40例70眼,双眼发病30例,采用下睑缩肌移位联合外眦韧带缩短术治疗退行性下睑内翻;对照组共20例26眼,其中双眼发病6例,采用眼轮匝肌切除术治疗退行性下睑内翻,观察两组患者术后1 wk的矫正率、双眼睑对称性、过矫率;并随访6mo,观察远期复发率、双眼睑对称性、过矫率。
　　结果：术后1 wk拆线时观察,观察组矫正率98.6%,欠矫率1.4%,眼睑对称性100%,仅有1眼轻度过矫;对照组矫正率92.3%;眼睑对称性100%,欠矫率7.7%。术后6mo观察组矫正率95.2%;欠矫率3.2%,过矫率1.6%。对照组矫正率87%,2眼复发,1眼欠佳。双眼睑对称性、过矫率方面差异无明显统计学意义(P>0.05),在矫正率方面两者有明显差异(P<0.05)。
　　结论：下睑缩肌移位联合外眦韧带缩短术与眼轮匝肌切除术治疗退行性下睑内翻相比,下睑缩肌移位联合外眦韧带缩短术长期疗效术后复发率明显降低。     

外眦成形及下睑外翻缝线联合术治疗退行性下睑内翻的效果

 目的 探讨联合外眦成形、下睑外翻缝线以及睑板前轮匝肌切除术治疗退行性下睑内翻的疗效。设计 回顾性病例系列。研究对象 北京同仁眼科中心19例（23眼）退行性下睑内翻患者。方法 手术包括外眦成形矫正水平眼睑松弛,睑板前轮匝肌切除解除眼轮匝肌骑跨,下穹窿皮肤缝线折短下睑缩肌。观察术前术后患者眼睑形态、位置,有无溢泪等。随访8~12个月。主要指标 眼睑形态、位置,有无溢泪。结果 到最后随访时,所有患者下睑对称无畸形;1例患者（1眼）在睁眼时下眼睑与眼表贴附不紧密,但无明显内外翻及溢泪发生。随访期间无复发或过矫现象发生。结论 针对多种致病因素的联合外眦成形、睑板前轮匝肌切除以及下穹窿皮肤缝线术治疗退行性下睑内翻简单有效。     

改良外眦韧带缩短联合眼轮匝肌缩短术治疗退行性下睑内翻的效果

目的 探讨改良外眦韧带缩短联合眼轮匝肌缩短术治疗退行性下睑内翻的效果。设计 回顾性病例系列。研究对象 北京同仁医院79例（118眼）退行性下睑内翻患者。方法 对所有患者行改良外眦韧带缩短联合眼轮匝肌缩短术,术后随访12个月,对手术效果（眼睑位置、形态、有无溢泪）及复发率进行评估。主要指标 手术效果和复发率。结果 末次随访时,117眼治愈,其中3眼术后早期出现轻度过矫,3眼中2眼眼睑位置形态于术后3个月恢复正常,另1眼于术后6个月恢复正常。1眼复发。结论 随访1年的结果显示,改良外眦韧带缩短联合眼轮匝肌缩短术治疗退行性下睑内翻效果确切,治愈率高,复发率低。     

联合手术治疗退行性下睑内翻伴松弛

目的：分析和探讨外侧睑板条悬吊联合下睑缩肌前徙术治疗退行性下睑内翻伴眼睑松弛的临床疗效。

方法：回顾本院2011-01/2013-01对21例33眼退行性下睑内翻伴眼睑松弛患者施行外侧睑板条悬吊联合下睑缩肌前徙术(穹隆结膜切口),随访12～24mo,观察其疗效。

结果：所有患者术后均得到完全矫正,未见复发或过矫现象发生,手术治愈率为100%,均未出现并发症。

结论：外侧睑板条悬吊联合下睑缩肌前徙术是治疗退行性下睑内翻伴眼睑松弛的一种安全、可靠、有效的手术方式。     

经结膜下睑缩肌折叠联合外眦睑板条固定矫正退行性下睑外翻的疗效观察

目的 探讨经结膜下睑缩肌折叠联合外眦睑板条固定术治疗退行性下睑外翻的效果。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象北京同仁医院眼科退行性下睑外翻患者13例(13眼)。方法 回顾患者的病历资料。所有患眼均采用经结膜入路,将下睑缩肌折叠缝合于睑板下缘;联合外眦睑板条固定。术后平均随访时间(7.1±2.5)个月。主要指标眼睑形态、睑缘位置、眼睑水平及垂直松弛度。结果 最后随访时所有患者下睑外翻得到矫正,患者外观及症状明显改善。外翻程度从术前的Ⅱ～Ⅳ级降至术后为0～Ⅰ级(Z=-4.652,P<0.0001)。术前下睑垂直松弛度为(7.04±0.52)mm,最后随访时为(4.31±0.51)mm(t=22.45,P<0.0001)。术前水平松弛度为(9.5±0.91)mm,最后随访时为(5.19±0.52)mm(t=19.96,P<0.0001)。所有患者未发生过矫、复发、缝线脓肿、伤口异常或下穹窿变浅。结论 本小样本量研究结果 显示,经结膜折叠下睑缩肌联合外眦睑板条固定术是矫正退行性下睑外翻的简单有效方法 。(眼科,2022,31:315-318)     

下睑眼轮匝肌及其筋膜部分切断加悬吊矫正老年性下睑内翻

目的探讨下睑眼轮匝肌及其筋膜部分切断加悬吊矫正老年性下睑内翻的效果。方法利用眶肌筋膜韧带松解及提紧矫正老年性下睑内翻,将下睑眼轮匝肌近外眦部分斜行切断,并悬吊固定在眶外缘骨膜或外眦韧带上,使下睑紧张度提高。结果本组共21例（42跟）均施行下睑跟轮匝肌及其筋膜部分切断加悬吊加强下睑张力,矫正下睑内翻,随访6个月以上,手术均取得良好效果,无并发症发生。结论下睑眼轮匝肌及其筋膜部分切断加悬吊矫正老年性下睑内翻,可提紧下睑,矫正睑内翻,并获得了较好的眶区年轻化效果。     

眼睑松弛症的手术治疗分析

目的:探讨眼睑松弛症的手术治疗方法及效果。方法:对15例26眼眼睑松弛症患者均在停止发作并静止6mo以上手术。对于上睑皮肤松弛、上睑下垂、泪腺脱垂和睑裂横径缩短均采用重睑切口,上睑下垂视提上睑肌腱膜有无断裂采取提上睑肌腱膜修复或折叠术。泪腺脱垂全层缝合泪腺组织固定于眶泪腺窝处的骨膜上。睑裂横径缩短将外眦韧带缝合固定于外侧眶缘骨膜,下睑内翻做平行于睑缘的皮肤切口,去除多余皮肤及部分眼轮匝肌。结果:15例患者皮肤松弛得到明显改善,其中上睑下垂、睑裂横径缩短和下睑内翻,也均得到满意矫正,泪腺脱垂1例明显改善,余复位良好。随访6mo～2a,无复发。结论:手术治疗安全,效果确切。     

下睑缩肌转位术治疗老年性下睑内翻的疗效

目的:探讨下睑缩肌转位术治疗老年性下睑内翻的临床效果。方法:对50例86眼老年性下睑内翻患者采用下睑缩肌转位术矫正作为试验组,另42例68眼老年性下睑内翻患者采用眼轮匝肌折叠缩短术矫正作为对照组,观察术后1wk患者的矫正率、双眼睑对称性、过矫率;并随访6~12mo,观察远期复发率、双眼睑对称性、过矫率。结果:术后1wk双眼睑对称性、过矫率试验组与对照组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);随访6~12mo,双眼睑对称性、过矫率试验组与对照组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:与眼轮匝肌折叠缩短术治疗老年性下睑内翻相比,下睑缩肌转位术治疗老年性下睑内翻的临床效果在术后双眼睑对称性、过矫率方面具有明显的优势。     

肉毒杆菌毒素在眼科的应用(四)

五、Ａ型肉毒杆菌毒素在其它肌肉痉挛性疾病中的应用（一）下睑内翻痉挛性下睑内翻是由于下睑缩肌和眦角肌腱的老年性松弛，睑板前和眶膈前的眼轮匝肌在收缩时向上运动引起的。在下睑轮匝肌注射Ａ型肉毒杆菌毒素可以矫正痉挛性下睑内翻。注射剂量为１２５Ｕ／０５ｍｌ...     

眼轮匝肌处理在退行性下睑内翻矫正术中的应用

目的探讨眼轮匝肌处理在退行性下睑内翻矫正术中的应用。方法在56例(89只眼)退行性下睑内翻矫正术中对眼轮匝肌进行折叠缩短及弓状缘悬吊处理,术后随访6～10个月。结果所有病例下睑内翻均完全矫正,睑缘恢复正常位置,无1例复发及眼睑外翻等并发症发生。结论在退行性下睑内翻矫正手术中正确处理眼轮匝肌可以取得满意的手术效果,并有一定的美容效果。     

Orbicularis oculi muscle extirpation in a combined procedure for involutional entropion

Many factors are important in the pathophysiology of involutional entropion, including defects of the lower eyelid retractors, canthal tendon laxity, and acquired enophthalmos. The role of the overriding preseptal orbicularis oculi muscle is often ignored in modern techniques of entropion repair. The author describes a technique of extirpation of the preseptal orbicularis oculi muscle combined with repair of the lower eyelid retractors and a lateral tarsal strip procedure for the repair of primary and recurrent involutional entropion. Lateral canthal tendon laxity is recognized in most patients in this age group and must be corrected to avoid postoperative overcorrection and ectropion. Removal of the preseptal muscle had no clinical effect on the lacrimal pump and did not cause any significant cicatricial eyelid abnormalities. This combined procedure has been used in 50 eyelids of 40 patients with excellent functional and cosmetic results. Orbicularis extirpation is not advocated in combination with a marginal rotation procedure.     

The histopathology of involutional ectropion and entropion

Objective: Involutional ectropion and entropion are characterized by excessive horizontal eyelid length, which is thought to be secondary to laxity of the medial and lateral canthal tendons and to the stretching of the tarsus. Histopathological features of the surgical eyelid specimens from patients with involutional ectropion and entropion were evaluated.Design: Prospective histopathological study.Participants: Eighteen full-thickness eyelid specimens from patients with involutional ectropion and entropion were obtained during horizontal eyelid shortening procedures performed at the Ministry of Health Ankara Training and Research Hospital.Methods: All specimens were fixed in 4% formaldehyde solution and sectioned sagittally. Hematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, and Masson's trichrome staining were done for all specimens. Histopathologic alterations of the tarsal plate, the palpebral portion of the orbicularis muscle, and the conjunctiva were examined.Results: The patients ranged in age from 60 to 80 years. The main histopathologic features of the ectropic eyelids included collagen degeneration and elastosis of the tarsal plate, increased amounts of adipose tissue in the distal tarsus, and subacute inflammation and epidermalization of the tarsal conjunctiva. Specimens from patients with involutional entropion generally had milder degrees of these histopathological features.Conclusions: The causes of the excessive horizontal length of the eyelid, which is thought to be secondary to laxity of the medial and lateral canthal tendons, may be collagen degeneration and elastosis of the tarsal plate and canthal tendons.     

Role of reinsertion of the lower eyelid retractor on involutional entropion

AIMS: To verify and evaluate the effect of reinsertion of the lower eyelid retractor aponeurosis to correct involutional entropion. METHODS: The involutional entropion is one affection that occurs mainly in the lower eyelid of patients over 60 years old. The surgical techniques proposed to correct this condition are based on correction of horizontal laxity-the preseptal orbicularis muscle overrides the pretarsal muscle, and the reinsertion of the lower eyelid retractor aponeurosis. 30 patients clinically diagnosed with involutional entropion and randomly selected underwent reinsertion of the lower eyelid retractor aponeurosis to the tarsal plate, without horizontal shortening or resection of the skin or orbicularis muscle. RESULTS: Good anatomical and functional correction was achieved in 96.6% of the patients and no recurrence was observed on 29 month follow up examination. The surgical result was very satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that this procedure is effective and has low recurrence rate, showing the important role of the reinsertion of the lower eyelid retractor aponeurosis in this surgical correction.     

Involutional entropion of the upper lid

Involutional entropion is an inturning of the eyelid margin caused by changes of lid tissues due to aging. Two patients with the uncommon finding of involutional entropion of the upper lid were treated with surgery based on the principles used to treat common lower lid entropion. The causes of lower lid entropion include increased horizontal and vertical lid laxity, and correcting these same factors in the upper lid resulted in a satisfactory repair of the entropion. Treatment of involutional entropion in the upper lid is compared and contrasted with that of the lower lid.     

Modified retractor plication technique in lower lid entropion repair: a 4-year follow-up study

BACKGROUND: Lower eyelid entropion is an eyelid malposition characterized by inward rotation of the eyelid margin associated with potentially significant discomfort and, occasionally, keratopathy. In this study we evaluated and compared the efficacy of two surgical techniques of retractor plication for involutional lower lid entropion repair. METHODS: Sixty-two consecutive patients (62 eyes) with involutional lower lid entropion were included. Of the 62, 34 underwent the Jones retractor plication technique, and 28 underwent a modification of this technique that simplifies the procedure. We evaluated horizontal lid laxity, medial canthal tendon laxity and lower lid excursion before and after surgery, and determined the rate of entropion recurrence in the two groups. All measures were obtained before and 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years and 4 years after surgery. RESULTS: Preoperatively, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in any of the measures studied. Postoperatively, the mean amount of horizontal lid laxity was significantly less in the modified technique group than in the Jones technique group (6.86 mm [standard deviation (SD) 0.41 mm] vs. 7.30 mm [SD 0.64 mm]) (p < 0.05). Similarly, the mean amount of medial canthal tendon laxity in the resting position was significantly less in the modified technique group than in the Jones technique group (1.90 mm [SD 0.56 mm] vs. 1.25 mm [SD 0.43 mm]) (p < 0.05). The rate of entropion recurrence was significantly lower in the modified technique group (7.1%) than in the Jones technique group (14.7%) (p < 0.05). INTERPRETATION: The modified retractor plication technique showed encouraging results in terms of successful and long-lasting lower lid entropion repair.     

Correction of involutional entropion with retractor redirection

The study aims to report the surgical outcome of a retractor redirection procedure for involutional entropion repair for Asians. The study included all cases diagnosed with involutional entropion and significant ocular irritation who presented from 2008 to 2012. Sixty-seven eyelids in 54 patients were included in this study. All cases were operated on by one surgeon and had a minimum of 12-months follow-up. Success was defined as cases showing no recurrence of entropion with forceful eyelid squeezing postoperatively. A retrospective chart review was performed to assess the success rate, recurrences and complications of the procedure.

During a mean follow-up period of 26.2 months (range, 12–53 months), 5 patients died during the study period. Two eyelids (3%) of one patient had a recurrence at 34 months postoperatively. One eyelid (1.5%) with a significant horizontal laxity developed postoperative ectropion and required a secondary horizontal shortening procedure. No other postoperative complications or dissatisfaction were reported. The retractor redirection procedure aims to repair the retractors and prevent orbicularis muscle overriding via inserting the retractors to the anterior lamellae. It yields a long-term success rate of 95.5% and is an effective technique for correcting involutional entropion.     

External (subciliary) vs internal (transconjunctival) involutional entropion repair

PURPOSE: To compare surgical outcomes of internal (transconjunctival) vs external (subciliary) involutional entropion repair. DESIGN: Retrospective, consecutive case series. METHODS: Electronic medical record review of all patients who underwent involutional entropion repair at the Jules Stein Eye Institute over a 4-year period was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Anatomic and functional success, recurrence rate, and complications. RESULTS: Forty-nine eyes (39 patients) were operated. Twenty-nine eyes underwent subciliary incision repair; 20 eyes underwent transconjunctival repair, both with lower lid retractors reinsertion. Good correlation was found between two masked observers in grading surgical outcome (on a scale of 1 to 4) (r = .76, P < .001). Forty-two cases (84%) achieved good surgical repair and improvement in symptoms. Recurrence was noticed in 4 eyes (8.2%). Recurrence was higher with the internal approach (15% vs 3% with subciliary incision), but this was not statistically significant (P = .14). Complications included: three cases (8.2%) with mild eyelid retraction that were treated conservatively, three cases with postoperative ectropion (all in the external approach, two of which lateral canthal resuspension was not performed), and two cases (4.1%, one case in each group) with pyogenic granuloma. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical correction of involutional entropion by reinsertion of lower eyelid retractors has similar outcome with internal (transconjunctival) and external (subcilliary) approaches. Although not statistically significant, internal repair may result in a higher recurrence rate, whereas external repair may show more postoperative ectropion, most probably attributable to scarring of the anterior lamella. Lateral canthal resuspension, when needed, may reduce the rate of postoperative ectropion.