脂源性间质细胞在压力性尿失禁中的研究进展

压力性尿失禁在女性人群中的发病率越来越高,各种各样的治疗方法层出不穷.脂肪来源的间充质细胞具有骨髓来源多能干细胞的功能,在一定条件下能向多种组织细胞分化,同时它还具有基因载体的功能.对于将其作为干细胞联合转基因技术的细胞治疗应用于盆底及尿道的功能重建可能成为治疗女性压力性尿失禁的新方法.该文将从脂源性间质细胞的特性、分离培养、鉴定等方面对其在压力性尿失禁的治疗前景上作以综述.     

糖尿病干细胞疗法的研究进展

随着当代生物技术的不断进展,将干细胞应用于糖尿病的治疗可以解决长期以来困扰糖尿病治愈的移植排斥反应及胰岛来源匮乏两大问题,具有划时代的意义.本文就目前有关糖尿病干细胞疗法的胰岛素分泌细胞来源及应用方面的研究进展作一综述.     

胚胎干细胞维持基因组稳定性机制的研究进展

胚胎干细胞(ESCs)有体外无限增殖及高度自我更新能力,体外一定条件下可分化为3个胚层来源的各种细胞.胚胎干细胞对损伤高度敏感,任何遗传突变都会影响其基因组稳定性及整个细胞系功能,甚至将突变遗传给子代细胞.因此胚胎干细胞必须具有某种高度有效机制来预防或修复DNA损伤,从而维持基因组的稳定性.简要胚胎干细胞维持基因组稳定性的机制.     

084母乳营养素与婴儿健康

母乳是婴儿的最佳营养来源.母乳中含有的营养素不仅对婴儿的生长和发育意义重大,而且对预防和治疗儿科疾病发挥重要作用.本文将探讨母乳营养素及其与婴儿健康的关系.     

造血干细胞移植的临床应用

造血干细胞移植(HSCT)是指将各种来源的正常造血干细胞包括骨髓干细胞、外周血干细胞或脐带血干细胞在患者接受超剂量化疗或放疗后,通过静脉输注植入患者体内,重建患者由于各种原因被摧毁或已衰竭的造血及免疫功能.HSCT的理论基础是造血干细胞具有自我更新及分化成熟为各种血细胞和免疫活性细胞的能力.HSCT不仅重建了患者的造血功能,亦重建了患者的免疫功能[1].     

团体标准《人多能干细胞来源的小细胞外囊泡》与《人间充质干细胞来源的小细胞外囊泡》解读

人干细胞来源的小细胞外囊泡（sEVs）作为“无细胞的干细胞治疗技术”,在多种疾病的临床前研究中展现出显著的治疗效果,并逐步开展了多项临床试验。然而目前人干细胞来源的sEVs的质量属性尚缺乏统一标准,限制了其进一步临床应用。为此,中国研究型医院学会细胞外囊泡研究与应用专业委员会在深入解析国内外学者研究成果,并由此广泛征求业内相关专家意见的基础上起草并制定了团体标准《人多能干细胞来源的小细胞外囊泡》与《人间充质干细胞来源的小细胞外囊泡》。这2项标准的制定将有助于规范并推动人干细胞来源sEVs研究与应用,并为其临床转化制剂制备提供参照标准。对这2项团体标准的重点条款进行解读,有助于相关专业技术人员更好的理解和应用该标准。     

三例造血干细胞移植术的护理体会

造血干细胞移植(HSCT)是通过大剂量放化疗预处理,清除受者体内的肿瘤或异常细胞,再将自体或异体造血干细胞移植给受者,使受者重建正常造血及免疫系统的一种治疗方法.按照采集造血干细胞的来源不同分为:骨髓移植、脐血移植、外周血造血干细胞移植等.造血干细胞迄今仍然是一种高风险、高费用、高难度的治疗方法.目前主要用于恶性血液病和非血液系统疾病.现对我科三例造血干细胞移植术的护理体会总结如下.     

糖尿病干细胞疗法的研究进展

随着当代生物技术的不断进展，将干细胞应用于糖尿病的治疗可以解决长期以来困扰糖尿病治愈的移植排斥反应及胰岛来源匮乏两大问题，具有划时代的意义。本文就目前有关糖尿病干细胞疗法的胰岛素分泌细胞来源及应用方面的研究进展作一综述。     

骨髓间充质干细胞体外诱导分化为神经元样细胞的研究方案

近年来神经干细胞(neural stem cells,NSCs)移植治疗神经系统疾病成为研究热点之一,但NSCs的来源困难,并且存在伦理学争议,这在很大程度上限制了干细胞移植应用的发展。研究发现骨髓间充质干细胞(bone mesen-chymal stem cells,BMSCs)在细胞因子、化学试剂、共培养、药物诱导下具有向神经元样细胞(Neural-Like Cells)分化的能力,因而成为干细胞的主要来源。本文就近年BMSCs体外诱导分化为神经元样细胞的研究方案作一综述。     

脐带血间充质干细胞的研究进展

近年研究结果表明,除了造血干细胞外,脐带血中还存在与骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cell,MSC)相似的细胞群,这类细胞在特定诱导条件下可向多种组织细胞分化.由于脐带血具有资源丰富、采集简单且无损伤等优势,如果对脐带血MSC进行开发和应用,将能为组织工程提供新的种子细胞,对干细胞组织工程及其应用具有深远意义.现就目前相关研究做一综述.     

At the Dawn of a New Discovery: The Potential of Breast Milk Stem Cells

Breast milk contains bioactive molecules that provide a multitude of immunologic, developmental and nutritional benefits to the infant. Less attention has been placed on the cellular nature of breast milk, which contains thousands to millions of maternal cells in every milliliter that the infant ingests. What are the properties and roles of these cells? Most studies have examined breast milk cells from an immunologic perspective, focusing specifically on the leukocytes, mainly in the early postpartum period. In the past decade, research has taken a multidimensional approach to investigating the cells of human milk. Technologic advances in single cell analysis and imaging have aided this work, which has resulted in the breakthrough discovery of stem cells in breast milk with multilineage potential that are transferred to the offspring during breastfeeding. This has generated numerous implications for both infant and maternal health and regenerative medicine. This review summarizes the latest knowledge on breast milk stem cells, and discusses their known in vitro and in vivo attributes as well as potential functions and applications.     

Milk stimulates growth of prostate cancer cells in culture

Concern has been expressed about the fact that cows' milk contains estrogens and could stimulate the growth of hormone-sensitive tumors. In this study, organic cows' milk and two commercial substitutes were digested in vitro and tested for their effects on the growth of cultures of prostate and breast cancer cells. Cows' milk stimulated the growth of LNCaP prostate cancer cells in each of 14 separate experiments, producing an average increase in growth rate of over 30%. In contrast, almond milk suppressed the growth of these cells by over 30%. Neither cows' milk nor almond milk affected the growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells or AsPC-1 pancreatic cancer cells significantly. Soy milk increased the growth rate of the breast cancer cells. These data indicate that prostate and breast cancer patients should be cautioned about the possible promotional effects of commercial dairy products and their substitutes.     

Milk Stimulates Growth of Prostate Cancer Cells in Culture

Concern has been expressed about the fact that cows’ milk contains estrogens and could stimulate the growth of hormone-sensitive tumors. In this study, organic cows’ milk and two commercial substitutes were digested in vitro and tested for their effects on the growth of cultures of prostate and breast cancer cells. Cows’ milk stimulated the growth of LNCaP prostate cancer cells in each of 14 separate experiments, producing an average increase in growth rate of over 30%. In contrast, almond milk suppressed the growth of these cells by over 30%. Neither cows’ milk nor almond milk affected the growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells or AsPC-1 pancreatic cancer cells significantly. Soy milk increased the growth rate of the breast cancer cells. These data indicate that prostate and breast cancer patients should be cautioned about the possible promotional effects of commercial dairy products and their substitutes.     

母乳中维生素A的研究进展

维生素A(VA)是人体必需的微量营养素,在维持上皮完整、视觉发育、免疫、生殖功能、生长发育、脑发育等方面均有重要作用。尽管补充VA的公共卫生政策已经广泛推行,但维生素A缺乏(VAD)仍是全球发展中国家的重要公共卫生问题。对于纯母乳喂养的婴儿,母乳是其VA的唯一营养来源,母乳中VA水平究竟如何,是否满足婴儿需要,临床上如何补充维生素AD制剂等均存在一些争议,所以了解母乳VA水平、影响母乳中VA水平的因素以及VA的合理补充剂量很重要。为此,本文就母乳中VA的研究进展进行综述。     

Effect of pasteurization on immune components of milk: implications for feeding preterm infants

It has been unequivocally proven that human breast milk is the ideal source of nutrition for infants. However, mothers of preterm infants face a number of barriers to providing sufficient milk volume to their babies, who are at risk for developing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Donated milk, distributed through milk banks, is becoming a desirable alternative to formula feeding, and is increasingly being considered for hospitalized, preterm infants in North America. Donor milk in North America is pasteurized (62.5?°C, 30?min) to remove possible infectious contaminants; a number of immune and bioactive components are either partially or entirely inactivated by this process. Identifying the impact of pasteurization on immune components of breast milk has been the focus of numerous research studies over the past several decades. The objective of this review is to summarize the literature on the feeding of pasteurized donor milk to preterm infants and the current understanding of the impact of pasteurization on immune components of breast milk, with particular reference to those implicated in the prevention of NEC.     

Kefir extracts suppress in vitro proliferation of estrogen-dependent human breast cancer cells but not normal mammary epithelial cells

Anti-tumorigenic effects have been demonstrated in animal studies from the intake of kefir, a traditional fermented milk product believed to originate from the Caucasian mountains of Russia. In the present study, the antiproliferative effects of extracts of kefir, yogurt, and pasteurized cow's milk on human mammary cancer cells (MCF-7) and normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) was investigated at doses of 0.31%, 0.63%, 1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% (vol/vol). After 6 days of culture, extracts of kefir-fermented milk depressed MCF-7 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, showing 29% inhibition of proliferation at a concentration as low as 0.63%, whereas yogurt extracts began to show dose-dependent antiproliferative effects only at the 2.5% dose. Moreover, at the 2.5% dose, kefir extracts decreased the MCF-7 cell numbers by 56%, while yogurt extracts decreased MCF-7 cell proliferation by only 14%. No antiproliferative effects of kefir extracts were observed in the HMECs, while the yogurt extracts exerted antiproliferative effects on HMECs at the 5% and 10% doses. Unfermented milk extracts stimulated proliferation of MCF-7 cells and HMECs at concentrations above 0.31%. Peptide content and capillary electrophoresis analyses showed that kefir-mediated milk fermentation led to an increase in peptide concentrations and a change in peptide profiles relative to milk or yogurt. The present findings suggest that kefir extracts contain constituents that specifically inhibit the growth of human breast cancer cells, which might eventually be useful in the prevention or treatment of breast cancer.     

泵乳喂养的流行及对母婴的影响

泵乳喂养日益普遍,已经成为母乳喂养重要的一部分,泵乳在一定程度上促进了母乳喂养。过去,泵乳喂养主要是针对早产或患病婴儿,但目前健康足月儿泵乳喂养也越来越常见。本文旨在总结泵乳喂养的流行情况、方式、原因以及对婴幼儿的影响,为更好地指导和促进母乳喂养。     

A bacteriological examination of breast pumps

In an investigation of the source of an outbreak of Serratia marcescens infection in a special care baby unit, several breast pumps used in the hospital and community were examined. The epidemic strain was isolated from two pumps and other Gram-negative organisms, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis were isolated from seven. The findings indicate that breast pumps may be a potential source of contamination of the user, her breast milk, infant and environment. Our recommendations regarding the use of breast pumps are presented.     

Effect of maternal Chlorella supplementation on carotenoid concentration in breast milk at early lactation

Breast milk carotenoids provide neonates with a source of vitamin A and potentially, oxidative stress protection and other health benefits. Chlorella, which has high levels of carotenoids such as lutein, zeaxanthin and β-carotene, is an effective dietary source of carotenoids for humans. In this study, the effect of maternal supplementation with Chlorella on carotenoid levels in breast milk at early lactation was investigated. Ten healthy, pregnant women received 6?g of Chlorella daily from gestational week 16–20 until the day of delivery (Chlorella group); ten others did not (control group). Among the carotenoids detected in breast milk, lutein, zeaxanthin and β-carotene concentrations in the Chlorella group were 2.6-fold (p?=?0.001), 2.7-fold (p?=?0.001) and 1.7-fold (p?=?0.049) higher, respectively, than those in the control group. Our study shows that Chlorella intake during pregnancy is effective in improving the carotenoid status of breast milk at early lactation.     

Dioxin-like components in human breast milk collected from Hong Kong and Guangzhou

The H4IIE rat hepatoma cell line was employed as a cell model to screen 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD)-TCDD equivalents (EROD-TEQ) of human breast milk samples collected from Hong Kong and Guangzhou, China. The screening methods employed a 96-well plate spectrofluorometer-EROD assay. For cell-line validation, our results demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in the Ah receptor-mediated response (i.e., CYP1A1 mRNA and EROD) of the cells upon exposure to a number of known Ah receptor agonists, including 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzothiophene, benzo[a]pyrene, and beta-naphthaflavone. TCDD induced CYP1A1 mRNA and EROD was in a close positive correlation (r=0.98). For the screening of dioxin-like compounds, breast milk samples collected during lactation weeks 3-5 were used. One hundred (from Hong Kong) and 48 (from Guangzhou) breast milk samples were assayed, of which 65% and 68% of the samples, respectively, showed detectable dioxin-like activities using the H4IIE cell EROD screening method. For sixty-five samples from Hong Kong the mean EROD-TEQ values ranged from 58.1 to 96.5 pg/g of milk fat for those aged 21-36 years while 32 samples from Guangzhou had mean values of 98.8-202.1 pg/g of milk fat. In comparisons of the EROD-TEQ values for different age groups from both cities, there were no significant differences (P<0.05). However, the mean and median EROD-TEQ values of the Guangzhou population were in general higher than those of the Hong Kong population. The results of the present study indicate that it is feasible to use the H4IIE cell-line as a model for screening dioxin-like compounds in human breast milk. In addition, the method is rapid and cost-effective, particularly for a routine and high-throughput sample screening analysis, compared to the costly and time-intensive chemical analytical techniques.