三维数字减影血管造影在脑动脉瘤诊断及栓塞术中的应用价值

目的评价三维数字减影血管造影(3 D-DSA)在脑动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗中的价值。方法采用TOSHIBA INFINIXCST数字血管造影系统,对52例确诊为脑动脉瘤的患者,栓塞术前及术中行3 D-DSA检查,其中39例行3 D-DSA随访,随访时间为2～23个月。结果 52例的54枚脑动脉瘤在术中3 D-DSA指导下完全栓塞38枚,近乎完全栓塞11枚,基本栓塞5枚,分别占70.4%、20.4%、9.3%。术中无1例破裂,39例的3 D-DSA随访中,36例完全闭塞的患者中动脉瘤内均无造影剂进入。结论 3D-DSA可清晰地显示动脉瘤的瘤体、瘤颈形态及其与载瘤动脉的关系,从而提高动脉瘤的检出率及血管内栓塞的致密程度和安全性。     

平板数字减影血管成像三维旋转血管造影在颅内微小动脉瘤诊疗中的应用

目的探讨平板数字减影血管成像(DSA)三维旋转血管造影(3DRA)在颅内微小动脉瘤(≤3mm)诊疗中的应用价值。资料与方法88例蛛网膜下腔出血患者利用平板DSA行常规全脑血管造影,再行3DRA检查,并利用其工作站行三维重建,分析其二维(2D)与3DRA显示颅内动脉瘤的差异,并分析3DRA对微小动脉瘤的最佳显示角度,制订血管内栓塞治疗方案。结果平板DSA常规全脑血管造影检出颅内动脉瘤69例,微小动脉瘤1例;利用其3DRA检出动脉瘤82例,微小动脉瘤14例。13例3DRA显示而2D未显示的颅内动脉瘤均为微小动脉瘤,两者在动脉瘤检出率方面(93.18%对78.41%)差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.000,P<0.05)。14例微小动脉瘤中,2例行血管内栓塞治疗,7例行外科手术治疗。结论 3DRA显著提高了颅内微小动脉瘤的检出率,是颅内微小动脉瘤诊断和栓塞治疗的有力工具。     

旋转数字减影血管造影及三维重建在颅内动脉瘤诊治中的应用

目的 探讨脑血管旋转数字减影血管造影(DSA)和三维重建对颅内动脉瘤的诊断和治疗价值.方法 使用荷兰PHILIPS公司数字减影机,对35例疑有动脉瘤破裂的蛛网膜下隙出血患者行普通二维DSA及旋转DSA检查,并行血管三维重建,获得关于动脉瘤的定位、方向、瘤颈、动脉瘤清晰度、载瘤动脉和周嗣血管分支的立体解剖图像,将旋转DSA及三维影像与普通二维DSA结果比较.结果 常规DSA检查发现动脉瘤36个(30例),其中7例动脉瘤的方向及载瘤动脉和周围血管解剖关系显示不清,3例动脉瘤的颈部显示不清;5例未见明显动脉瘤染色.加摄旋转DSA并行三维重建后,又发现3例微小动脉瘤,明确诊断颅内动脉瘤39个(33例),2例仍未见动脉瘤.动脉瘤的全貌,瘤颈的位置、宽窄,载瘤动脉及周围血管分支的解剖关系清晰显示,避免了因血管重叠而产生的对动脉瘤的遮挡.结论 旋转DSA可从270°旋转视角更清晰地连续显示动脉瘤、瘤颈及周围的血管解剖结构,加三维重建后,动脉瘤的大小、方向、载瘤动脉及周围血管的关系呈立体解剖影像,既提高了动脉瘤血管造影诊断的灵敏度,降低了漏诊率,又为手术和介入治疗提供了更为全面、准确的影像资料.     

64层螺旋CT与数字减影血管造影对颅内动脉瘤诊断的比较

目的 通过64层螺旋CT的CT血管造影(CTA)及CT数字减影血管造影(CTDSA)技术与数字减影血管造影(DSA)的比较研究,评价64层螺旋CT在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的临床应用价值。方法 26例临床怀疑颅内动脉瘤的患者实施64层CT和DSA检查,对64层CT图像进行了CTA和DSCTA两种方式的后处理。CTA后处理技术包括容积再现(VR),最大密度投影(MIP)和多平面重建(MPR),在CTA图像基础上用增强数据逐层减去平扫数据,自动去除骨与脑组织,获得CTDSA影像。比较3种技术(DSA、CTA和CTDSA)的特征。结果 26例可疑患者中,DSA和CTDSA发现31个动脉瘤,CTA发现29个动脉瘤。CTA漏掉的2个动脉瘤,直径小于3mm。结论 CTDSA是检查颅内动脉瘤的高度敏感的影像学方法,具有与DSA相当的价值。     

三维数字减影血管造影在颅内小动脉瘤诊治中的应用进展

颅内动脉瘤作为临床常见的病症之一,其中针对直径小于3mm的微小动脉瘤的诊断和治疗均具有一定的难度。近年来随着三维数字减影血管造影（3D-DSA）的发展,明显提高了对颅内微小动脉瘤诊断的准确性和灵敏度,极大地降低了传统影像学检查和常规DSA的漏诊率,成为诊断颅内动脉瘤新的金标准。本文综述了3D-DSA技术与传统影像学检查的对比及其在颅内小动脉瘤诊治中的应用价值。     

数字减影CT血管造影对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值

目的 :探讨数字减影CT血管造影(digital subtraction CT angiography,DSCTA)对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值。方法 :回顾性分析30例颅内动脉瘤合并自发性蛛网膜下腔出血患者的临床及影像学资料,并行MIP、VR观察动脉瘤。结果:30例共37个动脉瘤,前交通动脉6个,大脑前动脉2个,大脑中动脉9个,后交通动脉16个,基底动脉2个,颈内动脉2个。23例单发,7例多部位动脉瘤。DSCTA共发现35个动脉瘤,漏诊2个。动脉瘤大小3 mm×2.9 mm~12 mm×10 mm。18例行弹簧钢圈栓塞。7例行开颅夹闭术。DSCTA检查的敏感度为94.59%,特异度为100%,准确率为94.59%。结论:DSCTA是一种快速准确诊断颅内动脉瘤的非侵袭性检查方法,对颅内动脉瘤的检出具有极高的敏感性和特异性,为临床治疗方案的选择提供了可靠依据,有极高的临床价值。     

三维数字减影血管造影影像在颈动脉狭窄血管内治疗中的价值

目的 评价三维数字减影血管造影(3D DSA)在颈动脉狭窄血管内治疗中的价值。方法 对138例缺血性脑血管病颈动脉的3D DSA与二维(2D)DSA图像进行比较，分析颈动脉的形状、狭窄的显示、血管内治疗的必要性、血管内治疗的工作角度及支架的选择。结果 与2D DSA相比，3D DSA能更清晰显示颈动脉狭窄的形状及程度，能提供最佳血管内治疗的工作角度，使用3D DSA能正确决策支架的选择。结论 3D DSA在颈动脉狭窄血管内治疗中具有重要的价值，能提供许多2D DSA不能提供的有价值信息，对常规DSA是一种有益的补充。     

三维数字减影血管造影技术诊断脑血管疾病的应用价值

目的评价三维数字减影血管造影(3D—DSA)技术诊断脑血管疾病的应用价值。方法对临床怀疑和确诊为脑血管疾病的71例患者行常规脑血管数字减影造影(DSA)和3D—DSA。结果本组共检查71例,经3D—DSA技术共检出动脉瘤44例64枚、颅内动静脉畸形(AVM)19例、血管狭窄致脑缺血8例(6例颈内动脉狭窄、大脑前动脉闭塞)。结论3D—DSA诊断脑血管疾病具有极大的临床应用价值。尤其对颅内动脉瘤、AVM、血管狭窄的诊断最为准确、快速、安全。     

3D-DSA技术及其在颅内动脉瘤诊治中的应用价值

旋转DSA技术早在20世纪70年代早期第一次被应用在神经放射学领域,随着计算机技术在医学领域的广泛应用,各种医学图像处理软件相继被应用,使得图像三维重建技术与旋转DSA有机地结合（3D-DSA）,可以通过一次旋转投照获得满意的三维血管影像,对颅内动脉瘤的检出及介入治疗具有重要意义。本文综述了3D-DSA技术及其在颅内动脉瘤诊治中的应用价值。     

旋转式三维数字减影血管造影在脑动脉瘤临床诊断和治疗中的应用价值

目的：探讨旋转式三维数字减影血管造影在脑动脉瘤诊断和治疗中的应用价值，提高诊断水平，增强治疗效果。方法：回顾性分析了213例脑动脉瘤患者的二维、三维数字减影脑血管造影的影像学资料，并对其结果进行了对比分析。结果：213例患者中共检出222枚脑动脉瘤，其中囊性动脉瘤197枚，梭形动脉瘤16枚，夹层动脉瘤9枚；在222枚脑动脉瘤中，小型动脉瘤105枚，中型动脉瘤89枚，大型动脉瘤22枚，巨大型动脉瘤6枚。常规DSA清楚显示的有205枚，17枚显示可疑由三维数字减影脑血管造影进一步证实；对138例脑动脉瘤患者进行手术开颅银夹夹闭治疗，19例进行介入性金属微弹簧圈栓塞治疗。结论：旋转式三维脑血管造影可有效提高脑动脉瘤的诊断准确性和多种治疗方法的安全十牛及疗效。     

旋转血管造影技术对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值

目的探讨旋转血管造影技术对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值。方法对21例蛛网膜下腔出血（subarachnoid hemorrhage，SAH）患者的脑血管造影检查资料进行回顾性分析，所有患者均行常规数字减影血管造影（digital subtraction angiography，DSA）及旋转DSA检查，比较DSA和旋转DSA对动脉瘤瘤体、瘤颈和载瘤血管的显示情况。结果④21例患者共发现动脉瘤23个，常规DSA仅清晰显示16个，旋转DSA清晰显示23个。②DSA清晰显示瘤颈4个，载瘤血管11个，旋转DSA清晰显示瘤颈17个，载瘤血管21个。经统计学处理，差异均具有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论旋转DSA比常规DSA更容易发现动脉瘤．能更清晰显示动脉瘤形态、位置以及与周围血管的关系，是常规DSA不可缺少的补充。     

Three-dimensional reconstructed rotational digital subtraction angiography in planning treatment of intracranial aneurysms

We evaluated three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of 200 ° rotational digital subtraction angiography (DSA) images for their contributions to improving the safety of endovascular embolization of intracranial aneurysms. Standard DSA and 200 ° rotational DSA were performed in 40 adult patients (aged 21–77 years) with 45 intracranial aneurysms. Information obtainable from standard DSA and 3D-DSA images about aneurysm shape and size was compared. In 40 (89 %) of the 45 aneurysms 3D-DSA gave additional information about the anatomy of the aneurysm. In 17 (43 %) of these cases aneurysm anatomy could be visualized better on 3D-DSA than on standard DSA images. In three cases only 3D-DSA images showed blood vessels originating from the aneurysm. Reconstructed 3D images were also helpful in visualizing partially clipped aneurysms. On maximum-intensity projection images it was even possible to depict previously embolized aneurysms. Blood vessels originating from the aneurysm are visible on 3D-DSA images, and even previously clipped aneurysms can be visualized well. Rotational DSA with 3D reconstruction is a helpful tool in the assessment of intracranial aneurysms. Received: 7 September 1999; Revised: 26 November 1999; Accepted: 26 November 1999     

Three-dimensional volume rendering digital subtraction angiography in comparison with two-dimensional digital subtraction angiography and rotational angiography for detecting aneurysms and their morphological properties in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage

Objective

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), which can cause mortality and severe morbidity, is a serious condition whose underlying cause must be determined. We aimed to compare 2D digital subtraction angiography (2DDSA), rotational angiography (RA) and 3D volume rendering digital subtraction angiography (3DVRDSA) for detecting aneurysms and their morphological properties in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Materials and methods

After an initial diagnosis of SAH with computed tomography, 122 patients (52 males and 70 females with a mean age of 47.77 ± 12.81 ranging between 20 and 83 years) underwent 2DDSA imaging, RA and 3DVRDSA imaging for detection of aneurysms. The location of the aneurysm, the best working angles, the dome/neck ratios, the largest diameter of the aneurysm, the shape of the aneurysm, the presence of spasms or pseudostenoses, and the relationship to the neighboring arteries were recorded.

Results

2DDSA missed 15.6% of the aneurysms that had a mean size of 2.79 ± 0.74 mm. RA was superior to 2DDSA for detecting aneurysm neck, and 3DVRDSA was superior to RA for detecting aneurysm neck. 3DVRDSA conclusively depicted the shape of the aneurysms in all patients. 3DVRDSA imaging was superior to 2DDSA and RA in the detection of the aneurysm relationship to neighboring arteries. The sensitivity and specificity of 3DVRDSA imaging for the detection of vasospasms were 100 and 84%, respectively.

Conclusions

3DVRDSA imaging is superior to 2DDSA and RA for detecting intracranial aneurysms and their morphological properties, especially those of small, ruptured aneurysms. However, 2DDSA should not be neglected in cases of vasospasm.     

Magnetic resonance angiography of intracranial aneurysms: comparison with intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography

Summary Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) with flow rephased gradient-echo sequences is a new non-invasive method for vascular imaging. We compared MRA and intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography in 18 patients with intracranial aneurysms to test whether MRA presently provides an alternative to cerebral angiography for the diagnosis of these anomalies. MRA showed 19 of the 22 aneurysms detected (86.4%). However, problems, especially with turbulent or slow flow, resulted in 6 studies (27.3%) with limited and 2 with questionable demonstration of an aneurysm, and 1 false negative study. At present, MRA is definitely inferior to angiography for the demonstration of intracranial aneurysms, due to its lower resolution and other limitations.     

Comparison of the accuracy of subtraction CT angiography performed on 320-detector row volume CT with conventional CT angiography for diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms

Objective

The accuracy of diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms by subtraction computed tomography angiography (CTA) was compared with conventional non-subtracted CTA and with digital subtraction angiography (DSA).

Methods

56 patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and suspected intracranial aneurysms were evaluated from September 2009 to January 2010. All underwent 320-detector row volume CT-CTA examinations. Non-contrast CT of each patient's head with the same scan range was performed before the routine CTA scan as the mask image for subtraction. The subtraction CTA volume data was obtained by subtracting the mask image volume data from the conventional non-subtracted CTA volume data. Subtraction and conventional CTA volume data were transmitted to a VOXAR workstation and two physicians with experience in diagnostic imaging of the nervous system independently carried out image post-processing and judged the results. Neurosurgeons performed endovascular treatment or surgical clipping based on information available through the CTA alone.

Results

In 42 patients, 51 aneurysms were detected by DSA. On a per-aneurysm basis, the diagnostic sensitivity of subtraction CTA was 98.9% for physician 1 and 100% for physician 2. The sensitivity of conventional CTA was 93.7% for physician 1 and 92.6% for physician 2. There was excellent inter-observer agreement (κ = 0.84, 95% confidence interval 0.82–0.85). The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values of subtraction CTA were all 100%. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values of non-subtracted CTA were 94%, 100%, 100% and 76%, respectively. Therapeutic decisions could be made for all 42 patients based on subtraction CTA images, whereas conventional non-subtracted CTA provided sufficient information to make therapeutic decisions for only 35 patients.

Conclusion

Conventional CTA has lower sensitivity for the detection of very small aneurysms and aneurysms adjacent to the skull when compared to subtraction CTA. Subtraction CTA performed on a 320-detector row volume CT is an accurate diagnostic tool that provides data equivalent to that obtained with three-dimensional-DSA for the detection of intracranial aneurysms.     

Detection of unruptured familial intracranial aneurysms by intravenous digital subtraction angiography

Summary The authors discuss the detection of intracranial aneurysms (IA) by means of intravenous digital angiography (ivDSA) in (a)symptomatic first degree relatives of families in which two or more individuals have IA. ivDSA is an almost noninvasive and low-risk diagnostic procedure. Screening, by means of ivDSA, of two affected families is described. In family I which includes 7 members with proven IA, ivDSA has been carried out in 36 asymptomatic individuals: in one, a 6x15 mm aneurysm was found at the left posterior communicating artery (PCoA). In family II, including one member with a proven IA and another with a subarachnoid hemorrhage, ivDSA has been carried out in 4 members: one aneurysm with a diameter of 6 mm was found at the left PCoA. Conventional cerebral angiography (CCA) confirmed both IA's. Neurosurgical treatment followed. The advantages and disadvantages of ivDSA vs. CCA as elective screening procedure in such cases are discussed. Screening of asymptomatic first degree relatives of cases with familial IA by means of ivDSA is strongly advocated.