不同剂量艾贝宁对全麻拔管期血流动力学及躁动的影响

【摘要】 目的 比较不同剂量艾贝宁用于全身麻醉苏醒拔管期对患者的影响。方法〓90例择期行广泛全子宫切除术的全麻手术患者分为对照组、低剂量组、高剂量组,每组30例,低剂量组应用0.3 μg/kg艾贝宁,高剂量组应用1 μg/kg艾贝宁,对照组应用等量生理盐水,比较三组拔管期间血流动力学、Narcotrend值、苏醒时间、躁动评分。结果〓与对照组相比较,高剂量组应用艾贝宁10 min后直至拔管后MAP均较低、苏醒时间较长、躁动发生率低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。低剂量组血流动力学平稳,苏醒及拔管时间短,躁动发生率较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论〓低剂量艾贝宁用于全身麻醉苏醒拔管期可减少血流动力学波动,减少躁动,缩短拔管时间。     

喉罩与气管插管在患儿全身麻醉气道管理中的安全性Meta分析

目的采用Meta分析比较喉罩与气管插管在患儿全身麻醉气道管理中的安全性及有效性。方法计算机检索Cochrane、Pubmed、Web of Science、Embase、万方和中国知网等数据库,检索时间从建库到2019年7月,纳入比较喉罩与气管插管在患儿全身麻醉气道管理中应用的临床随机对照试验(RCT)。由两位研究员按照纳入与排除标准选择试验、提取资料,并根据Cochrane系统手册提供的质量评价标准评价纳入研究质量,采用RevMan 5.2软件进行Meta分析。主要结局指标包括术后喉痉挛及咽喉疼痛的发生率,次要结局指标包括术后咳嗽、声嘶的发生率、MAP和HR的波动等。结果最终纳入35项RCT,共3 010例患儿,其中喉罩组1 502例,气管插管组1 508例。Meta分析结果显示:与气管插管组比较,喉罩组术后喉痉挛(RR=0.36,95%CI 0.24～0.54,P0.001)、咽喉疼痛(RR=0.32,95%CI 0.25～0.42,P0.001)的发生率明显降低;喉罩组支气管痉挛、术后咳嗽、低氧血症及术后声嘶的发生率明显降低(P0.005);喉罩组麻醉诱导期间MAP和HR的波动明显较小(P0.001)。两组术后黏膜损伤、恶心呕吐、反流误吸、胃肠胀气及一次置入成功率差异无统计学意义。结论患儿全身麻醉时选择喉罩可以有效降低喉痉挛和咽喉疼痛,且对患儿的血压、心率影响较小。     

Effects of osmotic pressure on intrathecal and epidural lidocaine anesthesia

Lidocaine (1%), either in plain distilled water or in 10% dextrose, was intrathecally or epidurally administered to urethane-chloralose anesthetized cats. Electrical stimulation was applied to the gracile tract at a cervical level, and the resultant antidromic compound action potentials were recorded from the sural nerve. Lidocaine dissolved in plain distilled water was more effective than lidocaine dissolved in 10% dextrose solution in suppressing the compound action potentials. Lidocaine-free plain distilled water or dextrose solution caused partial suppression of the compound action potentils. The suppression was more marked following plain distilled water application than following application of 5% or 10% dextrose.     

套囊内利多卡因技术对拔管反应的抑制作用

背景咳嗽为拔管时最常见的并发症,可导致高血压、高眼压、高颅压、心动过速、心律失常、支气管痉挛、腹部切口撕裂.目的 套囊内利多卡因(intracuff lidocaine,ICL)技术利用利多卡因填充气管导管套囊,使其成为长效缓释的局麻药容器.利多卡因可以透过套囊壁,从而起到表面麻醉作用,可以抑制咳嗽反射,并减轻术后气管插管所致咽痛、声音嘶哑、发声困难、吞咽困难等并发症.内容涵盖了ICL技术的作用机理、发展过程、有效性与安全性讨论,以及同其他气道管理技术的比较.趋向ICL技术将广泛应用于临床,从而使全麻气管插管的患者受益.     

Effect of systemic lidocaine infusion on train-of-four ratios during recovery from general anesthesia

IntroductionIn spite of introduction of intermediate-acting neuromuscular blocking drugs (NMBDs), incidence of postoperative residual muscle weakness is still high. The aim of this trial is to study the effect of systemic lidocaine infusion on intraoperative consumption of rocuronium and TOF ratios at extubation and on arrival to postanesthesia care unit (PACU).MethodsForty-six ASA I–III patients aged 16–60 yr were randomly allocated into two groups: lidocaine (L) group (n = 23) and control (C) group (n = 23). After induction of standard endotracheal general anesthesia with fentanyl, propofol and rocuronium, patients of group L were given i.v. lidocaine bolus (1.5 mg kg^?1) followed by continuous infusion (1.5 mg kg^?1 h^?1) till time of endotracheal extubation while patients in group C were given equal volumes of normal saline. Rocuronium was titrated based on clinical signs. On conclusion of surgery, neostigmine was given to reverse the effects of rocuronium if TOF count was two or more. Immediately before extubation, TOF ratio was measured and recorded and considered the primary outcome.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the two study groups regarding intraoperative fentanyl doses or core temperature at the end of surgery. End-tidal sevoflurane concentrations were significantly lower in group L than in group P (P < 0.01). The dose of rocuronium was significantly less in group L than in group C (P = 0.001). Train-of four ratios were significantly higher in group L than in group C either before extubation (P < 0.001) or on arrival to PACU (P = 0.001).ConclusionThe current study shows that intraoperative use of i.v. lidocaine infusion in generally anesthetized patients can result in higher TOF ratios at time of extubation and on arrival to PACU when rocuronium was given based on clinical signs.     

A double blind comparison of lidocaine 2% with or without glucose for spinal anesthesia

The aim of the study was to compare lidocaine 2% plain to lidocaine 2% with glucose 8% for spinal anesthesia. Forty male patients scheduled for urologic surgery participated. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: the plain (P) group received 4 ml of glucose-free lidocaine 2%, the heavy (H) group received 4 ml of lidocaine 2% containing 8% glucose. After the injection, the patients remained in the sitting position for three minutes before they were placed supine.
The onset and maximum level of sensory blockade were similar with both preparations (T7-T8). In both groups there were respectively 3 (P) and 4 (H) patients who did not acquire a sensory level above T10. There was a tendency towards a longer duration of sensory blockade in the P group. The patients in both groups developed an almost complete motor blockade within approximately 10 minutes. Duration of complete motorblockade of the lower extremities was significantly shorter for the H group: 59.1 ±6.5 minutes (mean±SEM) than the P group: 89.5±6.4 minutes.
We consider lidocaine 2% with or without glucose a suitable agent for subarachnoid anesthesia for short procedures. As hyperbaric lidocaine results in a more rapid recovery of motor blockade, it may have advantages for patients in day-case settings.     

2例全麻诱导下气管插管致气管内肿物出血的处理

报道2例术前无呼吸道梗阻症状的患者,行全麻气管插管引起气管内肿物出血的抢救。纤维支气管镜检是诊断气管内肿物的金标准。导管套囊封堵气管下段,头低位及时吸引气管内出血可有效减少两肺血液灌注,改善患者氧供和通气状况。     

Timing of injection and plasma concentration of lidocaine before endotracheal intubation

The optimal time of intravenous lidocaine for attenuation of pressor responses to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation was evaluated in fifty adult patients and the correlation between plasma lidocaine level and its clinical effects were also studied.The plasma lidocaine levels were highest 0.5min after administration of lidocaine 1.5mg·kg^–1 intravenously. However, endotracheal intubation 0.5min after lidocaine administration caused significant increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR). Mean arterial pressure and HR increased with endotracheal intubation following 1, 2 and 3min after lidocaine administration, but the magnitude of increase was not statistically significant. There were no significant differences in MAP changes among these three groups. It was concluded that the plasma lidocaine levels did not correlate with its suppressive effect on circulatory responses due to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation should be carried out at least 1min after intravenous lidocaine administration.(Okuda M, Ohi Y, Kurata M et al.: Timing of injection and plasma concentration of lidocaine before endotracheal intubation. J Anesth 4: 150–154, 1990)     

利多卡因对丙泊酚靶控输注时不同意识状态下效应部位浓度及熵指数的影响

目的 探讨静脉输注利多卡因对丙泊酚靶控输注时不同意识状态的预测效应部位浓度及熵指数的影响.方法 择期全麻下骨科下肢手术患者60例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,年龄18～60岁,随机均分为利多卡因1.0 mg/kg组(L1组)、利多卡因1.5 mg/kg组(L2组)和对照组(C组).麻醉开始前L1组、L2组分别给予利多卡因1.0 mg/kg和1.5 mg/kg,C组给予等容量的生理盐水,1min后采用靶控输注丙泊酚行全麻诱导.观察入室安静后10 min(T1)、靶控输注前(T2)、插管前即刻(T3)、插管后即刻(T4)、插管后3 min(T5)、插管后5min(T6)时熵指数、MAP、HR、SpO2、OAA/S评分.记录靶控输注期间语言反应消失时(LVC)、意识消失时(LOC)即刻的熵指数和丙泊酚的预测效应部位浓度.结果 与T1、T2时比较,C组T3、T5、T6时和L1、L2组T3～T6时MAP均明显降低(P＜0.01);与T1、T2时比较,三组T3～T6时RE和SE均明显降低(P＜0.01);与T3时比较,C组T4时MAP、HR、RE和SE明显升高(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),而L1、L2组差异无统计学意义.三组患者在LVC、LOC时的熵指数和丙泊酚的预测效应部位浓度差异无统计学意义.结论 静注利多卡因1.0 mg/kg或1.5 mg/kg,对不同意识状态时丙泊酚靶控输注的预测效应部位浓度和熵指数并无显著的影响,但可减轻气管插管时的应激反应,并抑制气管插管刺激时的熵指数升高.     

不同剂量利多卡因预防妇科腹腔镜手术全麻诱导时瑞芬太尼咳嗽反射的临床效果观察

目的观察不同剂量盐酸利多卡因预防妇科腹腔镜手术全麻诱导时静脉注射瑞芬太尼咳嗽反射的临床效果。方法选择美国麻醉医师协会（ASA）分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级拟行腹腔镜手术的妇科患者150例,研究分为5组,每组30例。全麻诱导时,在静脉注射瑞芬太尼前,Ⅰ～Ⅳ组患者均先静脉注射不同剂量盐酸利多卡因。分别为Ⅰ组0．25mg·kg^-1,Ⅱ组0．5mg·kg^-1,Ⅲ组1mg·kg^-1,Ⅳ组1．5mg·kg^-1,2min后再按1．5μg·kg^-1静脉注入瑞芬太尼,注射时间2s。Ⅴ组为对照组,静脉注射0．9％氯化钠液3ml。根据患者出现咳嗽频率和强度进行评分,并观察各组静脉注射盐酸利多卡因后的副反应。结果咳嗽反射发生率Ⅱ、Ⅲ组显著低于Ⅴ组（P〈0．01）,Ⅳ组无咳嗽反射。Ⅰ组虽低于Ⅴ组,但无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。Ⅲ组咳嗽发生率与Ⅱ组近似,但盐酸利多卡因不良反应却显著高于Ⅱ组（P〈0．05）。Ⅳ组无咳嗽反射发生,但盐酸利多卡因不良反应显著高于其他各组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论按0．5mg·kg^-1剂量预先静脉注射盐酸利多卡因可有效降低妇科腹腔镜手术全麻诱导期间瑞芬太尼所致咳嗽反射的发生率,且不出现盐酸利多卡因的不良反应。     

全凭静脉气管插管全身麻醉在腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床研究

目的:探讨异丙酚、瑞芬太尼、万可松复合全凭静脉气管插管全身麻醉在腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)的临床应用。方法:50例LC患者全部采用异丙酚、瑞芬太尼、万可松复合全凭静脉气管插管全身麻醉。监测麻醉前、诱导后、插管后3min、气腹后10min、拔管前1min、拔管后3min的HR、MAP、SpO2变化,记录患者麻醉后清醒时间以及麻醉中知晓情况。结果:13例患者表现出较明显的心率减慢及血压下降,与透导前有显著改变(P<0.05),气管插管3min后心率、血压多能自动恢复正常,所有患者麻醉维护过程中HR、MAP、SpO2无显著变化(P>0.05)。麻醉后3min内36例(70％)完全清醒,5min内所有患者完全清醒。术后1例(2％)诉术中轻度知晓(P>0.05)。结论:异丙酚、瑞芬太尼、万可松复合全凭静脉气管插管全身麻醉对于LC来说是一种安全、有效、可靠的麻醉方法。     

移动CT监测肺不张的临床应用

目的应用电子计算机体层摄影(CT)观察全身麻醉诱导前后肺不张的变化。方法8例择期行神经外科手术的患者,于麻醉前、麻醉诱导插管后行全肺CT扫描,选择肺尖、肺门、右膈顶上1cm三个层面的CT图像分析观察肺不张的变化。结果三个层面中,右膈顶上1cm层面的图像麻醉前后变化最明显,麻醉诱导插管后监测到明显的肺不张。结论全麻导致患者肺不张的面积和百分比增加,围术期肺部CT扫描能有效地监测到肺不张的发生,有助于优化术中机械通气,减少肺损伤。     

动态超声成像技术在中度肥胖患者气管内插管中的应用

目的探讨动态超声成像技术用于确认中度肥胖患者气管内插管。方法选择择期行外科手术并接受气管内插管的中度肥胖患者49例,男34例,女15例,年龄18~67岁,BMI 30~35kg/m2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,MallampatiⅢ或Ⅳ级。按随机数字表法将患者随机分为听诊组(C组,n=24)和动态超声成像组(U组,n=25)。所有患者麻醉诱导后采用普通喉镜插入气管内导管,C组和U组分别通过听诊法或动态超声成像法确认气管内插管,并最终由纤维支气管镜确认并调整气管导管的位置。记录两组气管内插管成功率、确认气管内插管的灵敏度、特异度、所需时间,并观察U组相关超声指征出现的频率。结果两组气管内插管成功率差异无统计学意义。U组确认气管内插管的灵敏度、特异度明显高于C组(P0.05);U组确认气管内插管所需时间明显短于C组(P0.01)。U组在气管内共振波消失出现频率、气管内导管回声出现频率明显高于在食管内(P0.05),侧后方高回声出现频率明显低于在食管内(P0.05)。结论动态超声成像技术确认中度肥胖患者气管内插管更快捷、可靠。     

气管表面麻醉或/和硬膜外阻滞降低异氟醚吸入全麻用药量

目的 探讨气管表面麻醉或/和硬膜外阻滞能否降低全身麻醉时异氟醚的使用量.方法 上腹部手术病人60例,随机分为单纯全身麻醉组(G组)、全身麻醉联合气管表面麻醉组(GL组)、全身麻醉联合硬膜外阻滞组(GE组)、全身麻醉联合气管表面麻醉和硬膜外阻滞组(GLE组).各组术前及诱导用药相同,术中异氟醚维持麻醉,维库溴铵维持肌松,根据病人生命体征调整异氟醚吸入浓度.比较各组术中异氟醚的使用量及术后不良反应的发生情况.结果 G、GL、GE、GLE四组呼气末异氟醚MAC维持值分别为(1.01±0.11)、(0.89±0.07)、(0.63±0.06)和(0.51±0.08);异氟醚消耗量分别为(12.9±1.8)、(11.2±1.7)、(6.7±1.2)和(5.3±0.9)ml/h.GLE组术后不良反应最少,无一例病人发生术中知晓.结论 气管表面麻醉或/和硬膜外阻滞明显降低吸入全身麻醉时异氟醚需用量.     

硬外复合静脉麻与气管全麻在小儿腹腔镜疝手术的比较

目的对比分析研究硬膜外复合丙泊酚静脉全麻与气管内全麻在小儿腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎手术中的优缺点。方法ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级择期行腹腔镜疝手术患儿40例,年龄在1～12岁,随机分为硬膜外复合丙泊酚静脉全麻组（E组）和气管内插管全麻组（G组）。观察气腹前,气腹后5min,10min,15min,放气后5min的MAP,HR,SpO2,PH,PaCO2,和术毕恢复时间,比较两者麻醉的费用。结果与气腹前比较,E组MAP,HR变化无显著性差异（P〉0．05）,G组显著升高（P〈0．05）。两组患儿气腹15min后PaCO2均显著升高（P〈0．05）。停气腹后恢复至气腹前水平。E组麻醉苏醒时间明显快于G组,术后恶心呕吐发生率差异无显著性。E组麻醉费用比G组明显减少。结论硬外复合丙泊酚静脉全麻在小儿腹腔镜疝手术中,可有效抑制应激反应且经济安全,术毕苏醒时间快,苏醒质量好。     

胸段硬膜外复合静脉全麻与全凭静脉麻醉在开胸手术中的比较

目的 比较胸段硬膜外复合静脉全麻与全凭静脉麻醉对开胸手术患者血流动力学、麻醉药维持剂量、术后苏醒、躁动及疼痛的影响.方法 64例择期行剖胸手术患者,ASA Ⅱ级～Ⅲ级,采用完全随机设计的方法分为2组.A组:胸段硬膜外复合静脉全麻组,患者预先用10 ml 0.25%布比卡因和0.1 mg芬太尼硬膜外给药.术中硬膜外0.25%布比卡因和芬太尼10μg/ml,5 ml/h复合丙泊酚维持.B组:全凭静脉麻醉组,丙泊酚-端芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉.观察并记录不同时间点2组心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、中心静脉压(CVP)、所需麻醉维持药量、术毕清醒及出现疼痛时间.结果 2组患者各观察点血流动力学变化比较,差异无统计学意义;胸段硬膜外复合静脉全麻组麻醉维持不需要静脉镇痛药瑞芬太尼和肌松药阿曲库铵,只需复合充分的丙泊酚镇静,就能满足手术需求;术后苏醒早;拔管时间(11±4)min,相对于全凭静脉麻醉组(23±16)min明显缩短(P<0.05):躁动例数显著减少;术后出现疼痛时间(7.4±2.6)min相对于全凭静脉麻醉组(0.5士0.3)min明显延长(P<0.01).结论 胸段硬膜外复合静脉全麻用于开胸手术快通道麻醉是一种安全、经济、有效并有利于患者术后恢复的麻醉方法.     

Efficacy of alkalinized lidocaine for reducing pain on intravenous and epidural catheterization

Purpose. To investigate whether increasing the pH of lidocaine could reduce the pain caused by its skin infiltration as well as that caused by intravenous and epidural needle insertion. Methods. A randomized, double-blind trial was undertaken in patients who were allocated to receive topical anesthesia with either plain (plain group; n = 25) or alkalinized lidocaine (alkalinized group; n = 25). An alkalinized lidocaine solution was prepared by adding 8.4% sodium bicarbonate to a plain 1% lidocaine solution at a ratio of 1 : 10. Pain was assessed using the verbal analog scale (VAS). Results. In the alkalinized group, the VAS scores on skin infiltration in the hand (2.5 ± 1.4) and the back (2.7 ± 1.4) were significantly lower than the respective scores in the plain group (3.5 ± 1.4, and 4.9 ± 1.9). Although the VAS score on intravenous needle insertion did not differ between the two groups, the VAS score on epidural needle insertion was significantly lower in the alkalinized group (1.3 ± 1.0) than in the plain group (3.6 ± 1.3). Conclusions. Alkalinization of lidocaine was effective in attenuating pain on skin infiltration and on epidural needle insertion. Received: February 5, 2001 / Accepted: May 30, 2001     

曲马多在全麻中持续输注镇痛对麻醉后恢复及清醒的影响

目的　观察全身麻醉中持续输注曲马多镇痛对麻醉后恢复及清醒的影响。方法　随机将ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级病人 30例分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ组 ,全麻诱导后Ⅰ组地氟醚持续吸入维持全麻 ,Ⅱ组地氟醚持续吸入加上曲马多负荷剂量 3mg/kg +持续泵注 0 5mg·kg-1·h-1直至清醒 ,持续观察麻醉期间双频谱指数 (BIS)、谱边界频率 (SEF)等指标的变化 ,以及术中维持BIS为 5 0左右时的呼气末地氟醚浓度和麻醉苏醒期完成指令性动作 (抬上臂 )时间及拔除气管导管的时间。结果　拔管时Ⅰ组心率增加、抬上臂时Ⅰ组的BIS较高 ,与Ⅱ组相比均有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。HF在术中、LF/HF在拔管时Ⅰ组高于Ⅱ组 ,且差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 5 )。在其他时间点MAP、心率、BIS、SEF、低频 (LF)、高频 (HF)、LF/HF和总功率 (LF +HF)的变化无统计学意义 (P >0 0 5 )。两组在完成指令性动作、拔管时间上 ,Ⅱ组略小于Ⅰ组 ,但无显著性差异。术中和手术结束时 ,Ⅱ组的呼气末地氟醚浓度均低于Ⅰ组 ,差异有非常显著性意义 (P <0 0 1)。结论　地氟醚麻醉中持续泵注曲马多镇痛不影响麻醉后恢复及清醒 ,在推荐剂量下曲马多可以作为复合麻醉中长时间持续泵注的麻醉性镇痛药     

Comparison of ropivacaine 0.2% and 0.25% with lidocaine 0.5% for intravenous regional anesthesia

Study ObjectiveTo compare the anesthetic effects of two different concentrations and doses of ropivacaine (0.2% and 0.25%) with those of a conventional dose of lidocaine 0.5%.DesignProspective, randomized, double-blinded, clinical investigation.SettingLarge metropolitan university hospital.Patients66 adult ASA physical status I and II patients undergoing forearm and hand surgery.InterventionsPatients were randomly allocated to three groups to receive intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA). Study groups were: ropivacaine 0.2% (Group I, n = 22), ropivacaine 0.25% (Group II, n = 22), and lidocaine 0.5% (Group III, n = 22).MeasurementsTourniquet tolerance times and regression of sensory analgesia were noted. Verbal numerical pain scores (VNS), cumulative analgesic consumption, and side effects were recorded during surgery and postanesthesia care unit (PACU). Time to first pain medication intake and number of patients receiving analgesics in the PACU were recorded.Main ResultsAdditional tolerance times for the distal tourniquet were significantly higher in the ropivacaine 0.25% group than the other two groups. Regression of sensory anesthesia was fastest in the lidocaine group. During the PACU stay, VNSs were significantly lower in the first 20 minutes in the ropivacaine groups than the lidocaine group. Time to first intake of pain medication in the PACU was soonest in the lidocaine group. The number of patients given analgesics in the PACU was highest in the lidocaine group. The number of patients taking > two tablets of tramadol was significantly lowest in the ropivacaine 0.25% group. No serious side effects were observed in any study group.ConclusionLonger tolerance times for the distal tourniquet, prolonged analgesia after tourniquet release, and lower analgesic requirements postoperatively make ropivacaine 0.2% and 0.25% an alternative to lidocaine for IVRA.     

Laryngotracheal application of lidocaine spray increases the incidence of postoperative sore throat after total intravenous anesthesia

Purpose To determine the effect of laryngotracheal application of different doses of lidocaine spray on postoperative sore throat and hoarseness, we evaluated the incidence and severity of these complications in 168 ASA I–III patients aged 15–92 years in a placebo-controlled study.Methods After induction of anesthesia with propofol, ketamine, fentanyl, and vecuronium, the laryngotracheal area was sprayed immediately before intubation with lidocaine spray either 5 times (L5 group, n = 47) or 10 times (L10 group, n = 48) or with normal saline 1ml (placebo group, n = 51). Postoperative sore throat and hoarseness were evaluated immediately after surgery and on the day after surgery.Results The incidence of sore throat was significantly higher in the L10 group than in the placebo group on both the day of and the day after surgery. The severity of sore throat was significantly higher in the L5 and L10 groups than in the placebo group on the day of surgery. On the day after surgery, the severity of sore throat remained significantly higher in the L10 group than in the placebo group. Although the incidence and severity of sore throat increased in a dose-dependent manner, these were not significantly different between the L5 and L10 groups. In addition, the incidence and severity of hoarseness did not differ at all among the three groups.Conclusion We recommend that applications of lidocaine spray to the laryngotracheal area should be avoided to help eliminate unnecessary postoperative sore throat, thereby leading to improvement in patient satisfaction.