螺旋CT对结节型肝细胞癌的多期扫描表现分析

目的：描述结节型肝细胞癌的螺旋CT动脉期、门静脉期和延迟期增强特点,比较各期的病灶的检出率,重点评价动脉期、延迟期的价值。方法：36例结节型肝细胞癌患者行螺旋CT双期、三期动态扫描后,观察病灶的强化方式,统计各期病灶的检出率。结果：36例55个病灶,螺旋CT多期扫描共发现52个,平扫、肝动脉期、门脉期、延迟期及三期合计的检出率分别为70．9％,87．2％、72．7％,68．7％、94．5％。动脉期检出敏感性明显高于其它各期,三期结合可明显提高对结节型肝癌的检出率。结论：螺旋CT多期扫描能显示肝细胞癌的增强特点,明显提高结节型肝细胞癌的检出敏感性。     

肝脓肿的多层螺旋CT表现及临床价值(附20例分析)

目的　探讨肝脓肿在多层螺旋CT(MSCT)双期或 /和三期 (动脉期、门静脉期、延迟期 )增强扫描的表现及临床价值 ,特别是在动脉期的表现。方法　观察 2 0例经手术或穿刺证实的肝脓肿在多层螺旋CT双期或 /和三期扫描在动脉期与门静脉期的CT表现 ,特别是在动脉期的表现。动脉期是在注射造影剂后 2 5s开始扫描 ,门静脉期是 65s开始扫描 ,延迟是 5min开始扫描 ,每期全肝扫描所用时间为 8～ 10s。结果　 ( 1)动脉期表现 :肝内低密度或略低密度灶周围肝组织强化明显 ,而病灶本身或边缘无明显强化或轻度强化。 ( 2 )门静脉期表现 :a、环靶征 ;b、环状征 ;C、花瓣征 ;d、分房状征。 ( 3)延迟期表现 :病灶缩小或不变 ,水肿带消失或模糊。结论　多层螺旋CT双期或三期扫描充分反映了肝脓肿的病理变化 ,对早期诊断肝脓肿及鉴别诊断有重要价值     

双螺旋CT增强三期薄层扫描在小肝癌诊断中的价值

目的：探讨双螺旋CT增强三期薄层扫描在小肝癌诊断中的价值。方法：分析100例中采用双螺旋CT增强三期薄层扫描(triple-phase duplex-helical CT，TDHCT)检出的76个(瘤径≤3cm)小肝癌(small hepatocellulat carcinoma，SHCC)的CT图像，由有经验的CT室医师通过医学影像工作站(MIW)和医学影像存储与传输系统(PACS)的医学图像浏览终端，分析、统计SHCC各时相病灶强化类型，计算检出率。依SHCC的典型表现，即动脉期高密度、门静脉期和延迟期为等或低密度，做出诊断。结果：76个SHCC在三期扫描中，动脉期、门静脉期和延迟期检出率分别为86．8％(66／76)、61.8％(47／76)、93．4％(71／76)。小肝癌在动脉期89．3％(59／66)呈高密度，在门静脉期87．2％(41／47)呈低密度，在延迟期100％(71／71)呈低密度。结论：SHCC定性诊断主要依靠其自身形态强化特点，双螺旋CT增强三期薄层扫描能提高SHCC的检出率，TDHCT可提高SHCC诊断和鉴别诊断水平。     

双源CT双能量成像在肝癌经皮肝动脉化疗栓塞术后复查中的应用价值

目的 评价双源CT(DSCT)双能量成像对肝癌经皮肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)术后病灶复查的应用价值.方法 对27例接受TACE治疗的原发性肝癌患者资料进行回顾性分析,27例均行常规肝脏平扫及动态三期增强扫描,其中动脉期图像由双能量扫描方式获得.采用2种方法观察,A法观察常规平扫、动脉期、门静脉期及延迟期图像,B法观察虚拟平扫、动脉期、门静脉期及延迟期图像,评价2种方法对栓塞病灶内部及其周围肝组织内强化信息的判断.以DSA结果为参照标准,计算A、B2法的敏感性、特异性等指标,采用x2检验比较两种方法的诊断能力.结果 27例TACE术后复查患者中共检出63个病变,DSA明确其中39个病变有强化,24个病变无强化.B法的敏感性为94.9％( 37/39),高于A法的74.4％( 29/39;x2=6.303,P＜0.05);B法的特异性为95.8％( 23/24),与A法的83.3％ (20/24)差异无统计学意义(x2 =2.009,P＞0.05).结论 以动脉期双能量扫描代替常规CT平扫与动脉期增强扫描,与常规CT动态增强相比,对TACE术后肝癌病灶的评估更加准确.     

小肝癌的不典型CT表现分析及鉴别诊断

目的：探讨小肝癌（SHCC）在螺旋CT扫描中的不典型表现。方法：分析经手术病理证实的螺旋CT扫描中呈不典型表现的SHCC 22例共24个病灶的CT征象。结果：22例共发现24个病灶为不典型表现,其中10个病灶在动脉期强化明显,门静脉期和延迟期为等密度、略高密度或中心性斑点状强化;2个病灶动脉期和门静脉期为等密度,延迟期为低密度;7个病灶在动脉期、门静脉期和延迟期均呈低密度;5个病灶动脉期病灶边缘有环形强化或点状强化,门静脉期和延迟期仍有持续强化。结论：SHCC在螺旋CT扫描中有多种不典型表现,病灶的血供情况、病理学基础等是产生不典型表现的常见原因。     

高速多排螺旋CT与DSA对肝癌子灶检出的对比分析

目的　比较高速多排螺旋CT与DSA对肝癌子灶检出的敏感性 ,并研究肝癌子灶的高速多排螺旋CT的三期增强扫描影像特征。方法　对 11例肝癌伴子灶病人行高速多排螺旋CT三期薄层扫描。注射 80ml造影剂后延迟 2 5s后行动脉期扫描 ,延迟60s后行门静脉期扫描 ,12 0s后行延迟期扫描。CT扫描后 5d之内行DSA造影。结果　高速多排螺旋CT显示 40个子灶 ,其中 2 2个子灶≤ 1.0cm ,12个子灶在 1.0～ 2 .0cm之间 ,6个子灶 >2 .0cm。DSA显示 14个子灶 ,均 >1.0cm。CT平扫 3 4个子灶呈低密度 ,4个呈等密度 ;增强后动脉期 3 2个子灶强化 ,8个无强化 ;门静脉期 3 3个呈低密度 ,7个等密度。延迟期 3 9个呈低密度 ,1个呈等密度。结论　肝癌小子灶的发现率高速多排螺旋CT明显优于DSA ,尤其是检出 <1.0cm的子灶更具优势     

肝脏局灶性结节增生的MSCT诊断

目的 探讨肝脏局灶性结节增生(FNH)的MSCT表现及诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的12例FNH的 CT平扫和多期增强扫描表现.结果 单发病灶12例.平扫:低密度9例,等密度2例,高密度1例.增强:动脉期所有病灶均快速显著增强,门静脉期所有病灶增强密度逐渐下降,延迟期10例病灶为等或稍低密度,2例为稍高密度轻度增强;4例病灶动脉期检出中央瘢痕,门静脉期及延迟期瘢痕密度逐渐增高而面积减少或消失;动脉期和门静脉期3例病灶周围可见增粗的供血动脉.结论 MSCT多期增强扫描对FNH具有特征性的诊断价值.     

螺旋CT多时相扫描鉴别诊断肝细胞癌和血管瘤

目的:探讨螺旋CT多时相扫描对肝细胞癌和血管瘤的鉴别诊断。材料和方法:对37例患者(肝癌16例,血管瘤21例)行螺旋CT平扫和增强扫描,分析其表现。结果:37例平扫均发现低密度灶。肝细胞癌在动脉期75%有显著增强,呈高密度,在门静脉期和延迟期则呈低密度;血管瘤54%动脉期有典型增强表现,门静脉期100%有增强,24%全部填充,延迟期91%为高密度或等密度。结论:肝细胞癌和血管瘤在螺旋CT多时相增强扫描中,各有其典型的CT表现,两者鉴别的关键是门静脉期。     

螺旋CT双期或三期扫描对肝脏占位性病变的诊断

目的：分析肝脏螺旋CT双期或三期扫描表现，探讨其对原发性肝癌、肝转移瘤、肝血管瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断的意义。方法：经临床证实25例，均作螺旋CT平扫、动脉期、门脉期及部分平衡期和延迟期扫描，并分析螺旋CT多期扫描表现。结果：原发性肝癌动脉期明显强化而肝脏无强化，形成鲜明的对比，门脉期呈相对低密度或恢复到平扫时表现。肝血管瘤CT特征为动脉期呈边缘性环状、结节样强化，门脉期病灶边缘强化向中心强化并充满病灶呈高密度，平衡期呈等密度或低密度肝转移瘤表现多样化，周边强化或不均匀强化或不强化。结论：螺旋CT双期或三期扫描已作为对肝脏占位性病变的主要检查方法，并作为常规。     

肝脏局灶性结节增生螺旋CT的诊断研究

目的：探讨CT扫描对肝脏局灶性结节增生的诊断价值。方法：采用螺旋CT对22例肝脏局灶性结节增生进行CT平扫及多期增强扫描，增强扫描动脉期18—20s，静脉期50—60s，120—150s后延迟扫描。结果：CT平扫20例呈低密度或稍低密度其中7例病灶中心可见不规则更低密度影，2例为簿密度。增强扫描动脉期均明显强化，其中10例均匀强化，12例强化不均匀。结论：CT多期增强扫描对肝脏局灶性结节增生的诊断具有特征性，且较准确，对临床治疗具有指导意义。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）