植入埋藏式心律转复除颤器术后随访的意义

埋藏式心律转复除颤器（implantable cardioverter defibrillator,ICD）/心脏再同步心律转复除颤器（cardiac resynchronous therapy with defibrillator,CRT-D）是治疗恶性室性心律失常的首选方法,其中ICD应用于临床已有20多年的历史.ICD/CRT-D能明显降低心律失常患者死亡率,已成为心脏性猝死一级预防和二级预防最有效的治疗措施.随着ICD/CRT-D的植入数量增加,植入术后患者的随访管理工作显得尤为重要.     

植入型心律转复除颤器病人的常见问题及对策

心源性猝死（SCD）是心血管疾病的主要死亡原因之一,大多由恶性室性心律失常引起。植入型心律转复除颤器（implantable cardioverter defibrillator,ICD）能有效终止恶性室性心律失常,降低SCD高危人群心脏事件发生率,显著提高病人的生存率。然而,ICD病人往往受诸多因素影响,治疗效果及术后生活质量不理想。     

植入型心律转复除颤器的临床随访分析

目的观察植入埋藏式心律转复除颤器（ICD）患者随访期间心律失常的发作情况及ICD的治疗效果。方法11例因室性心动过速或心室颤动致晕厥或有猝死家族史的患者植入ICD后通过临床症状、常规心电图、动态心电图和体外程控仪调出ICD储存的资料进行随访分析。结果平均随访（19±7）个月，4例患者共接受73次治疗（抗心动过速起搏4次，低能量复律5次和高能量除颤64次），1例患者治疗发生在晕厥后；1例由于阵发心房颤动发生3次误治疗，经调整参数后没有发生类似事件。结论ICD治疗恶性心律失常效果可靠，定期随访调整合适的诊断和治疗策略是保证有效治疗、防止误治疗发生的关键。     

10例植入型心律转复除颤器患者的护理体会

心脏性猝死（sudd encardiac death，SCD）是心血管疾病的主要死亡原因之一，SCD大多由恶性室性心律失常如室性心动过速、心室颤动引起的。植入型心律转复除颤器（implantable cardioverter defibrillator，ICD）可及时发现并有效控制恶性室性心律失常的发作，降低SCD的发生率，其疗效明显优于单纯抗心律失常药物治疗。我院2001年10月-2005年6月共为10例患者植入ICD。现将其护理体会报告如下。     

植入型心律转复除颤器治疗老年恶性心律失常1例的护理

植入型心律转复除颤器（implantable cardioverter defibrillator，ICD）是目前预防心源性猝死最有效的措施。在植入ICD患者中有相当一部分患者伴有充血性心力衰竭，而双心室同步起搏可使这一部分患者心功能得到改善，并减少恶性心律失常的发生，从而减少ICD的放电次数，改善生活质量。我科2003年11月对1例高龄恶性心律失常的患者行植入型心律转复除颤器治疗，取得良好效果，现报道如下。     

植入型自动心律转复除颤器3例应用体会

2005年7月～12月,我院应用植入型自动心律转复除颤器(ICD)治疗心源性猝死(SCD)3例,效果满意.现报告如下.……     

心室再同步化起搏除颤器安置术二例的护理

心室再同步起搏治疗（cardiac resynchronous therapy，CRT）充血性心力衰竭伴心室内阻滞患者的疗效已被多个临床试验所证实。植入型心律转复除颤器（implantable cardioverter defibrillator，ICD）作为治疗恶性室性心律失常也已广泛应用于临床。在植入ICD患者中有相当一部分患者伴有充血性心力衰竭及心室内传导阻滞，而双心室同步起搏可使这一部分患者心功能得到改善，     

心脏自动复律除颤器的临床应用

心脏自动复律除颤器又称植入型心律转复除颤器 ,英文简称ICD。ICD是一种能终止恶性心律失常的多功能、多程控参数的电子装置。它体积小 ,能够植入体内。其基本作用为监测心室颤动和室性心动过速的发生 ,并能通过抗心动过速起搏或电除颤来终止这类恶性心律失常。恶性心律失常是发生心脏性猝死的最常见原因 ,植入ICD是临床上预防心脏性猝死的重要方法。1　心脏性猝死的一级预防和二级预防ICD在预防心脏性猝死的治疗中分为一级预防和二级预防。“一级”预防是指对具有致命性室性心律失常的高危因素 ,但未发生过这类心律失常的患者进行的预…     

心室再同步心脏转复除颤器植入术围术期护理

慢性心力衰竭晚期伴恶性心律失常可导致病人猝死。研究已经证实,心脏再同步化治疗（CRT）可改善心力衰竭病人的临床症状,植入式心脏复律除颤（ICD）能有效预防心脏性猝死。因此,植入具有CRT和ICD双重功能的装置——心室再同步心脏转复除颤器（CRT—D）已成为心功能不全病人的最佳治疗方案。2008年7月29日和2009年6月24日,     

经静脉植入双腔心律转复除颤器一例

植入型心律转复除颤器(ICD)为治疗恶性室性心律失常的重要方法之一,但双腔ICD在我国应用较少,现将本院成功应用1例报道如下.     

Ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac arrest in apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Two case reports

BACKGROUNDApical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is considered to have a benign prognosis in terms of cardiovascular mortality. This serial case report aimed to raise awareness of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in apical HCM. CASE SUMMARYHere we describe two rare cases of apical HCM that presented with documented VF and sudden cardiac collapse. These patients were previously not recommended for primary prevention using implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy based on current guidelines. However, both received ICD therapy for the secondary prevention of SCD.CONCLUSIONThese cases illustrate serious complications including VF and aborted sudden cardiac arrest in apical HCM patients who are initially not candidates for primary prevention using ICD implantation based on current guidelines.     

Safety and effectiveness of primary prevention cardioverter defibrillators in octogenarians

Background: Implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICDs) reduce the rate of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with cardiomyopathy and reduced left ventricular systolic function. It is unclear if this benefit extends to the very elderly patient population. Methods: Patients who underwent initial ICD implantation at age 80 or older between January 1995 and April 2010 for primary SCD prevention were identified. Clinical data were collected from the medical record, including periprocedural complications, device type, and therapies delivered. Results: Three‐hundred eighty patients were identified; 84 patients met eligibility criteria. The mean age was 82.68 years; mean follow‐up was 34 months. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 28.1%. Mortality during follow‐up was 17.9%. One‐ and 5‐year survival estimates were 100% and 60%, respectively. Periprocedural complications occurred in 9.4% of patients; serious complications occurred in 4.8% with no periprocedural deaths. Device therapies occurred in 11.9% (n = 10) of patients (9.5% appropriate, n = 8; 2.4% inappropriate, n = 2). Cardiac resynchronization therapy‐defibrillator (CRT‐D) implantation was associated with prolonged median survival and decreased risk of death (hazard ratio 0.212; 95% confidence interval 0.048?.942, P = 0.042) compared to ICD alone. Conclusions: Implantation of primary prevention ICDs in patients 80 years of age or older was associated with a low risk of serious complications and a 5‐year survival estimate of 60%. Inappropriate therapies after implantation were uncommon. CRT‐D implantation was associated with a decreased risk of death compared to ICD alone. These data suggest that, in selected patients in this age group, ICD implantation is safe and effective. (PACE 2011; 34:900–906)     

The Effect of Coronary Bypass Graft Surgery for the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: Recurrent Episodes After ICD Implantation and Review of Literature

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) accounts for at least 50% of the mortality of patients with ischemic heart failure. Ventricular arrhythmias are responsible for most cases of sudden cardiac death. There is some evidence that coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery may reduce the incidence of recurrent episodes of SCD by prevention of myocardial ischemia. To test the hypothesis that CABG surgery is effective in the prevention of SCD, we compared the recordings of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) in patients who underwent ICD implantation alone (n = 64) or ICD implantation and concomitant CABG surgery respectively (n = 11). All patients had experienced out of hospital cardiac arrest. ICD recordings were obtained every 3 months and the number of recurrent episodes of ventricular tachycardia (VT) for each time period was noted. Three months foilowing ICD implantation patients in the surgically treated group had an average of one episode of VT per patient as compared to 2.7 episodes in the nonsurgical group. This difference was observed during the following months as well. However, at nlo time (up to 18 months of follow-up) this difference reached statistical significance. There were no deaths in the surgically treated group. Although we could not demonstrate a statistical significant difference between the two groups, there was a tendency in the surgically treated group to have less episodes of recurrent VT than in the medically treated group. We, therefore, conclude that survivors of SCD presenting with multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD) should undergo coronary artery bypass grafting to prevent myocardial ischemia as the triggering event for lethal ventricular arrhythmias.     

Efficacy of implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy for primary and secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Risk stratification and effectiveness of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy are unresolved issues in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a cardiac disease that is associated with arrhythmias and sudden death. We assessed ICD therapy in 132 patients with HCM: age at implantation was 34 +/- 17 years, and 44 (33%) patients were aged 相似文献   

Transcoronary ablation of septal hypertrophy does not alter ICD intervention rates in high risk patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

INTRODUCTION: Transcoronary ablation of septal hypertrophy (TASH) is safe and effectively reduces the intraventricular gradient in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). To analyze the potential of anti- and proarrhythmic effects of TASH, we studied the discharge rates of implanted cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) in patients with HOCM who are at a high risk for sudden cardiac death. METHODS: ICD and TASH were performed in 15 patients. Indications for ICD-implantation were secondary prevention in nine patients after resuscitation from cardiac arrest with documented ventricular fibrillation (n = 7) or sustained ventricular tachycardia (n = 2) and primary prevention in 6 patients with a family history of sudden deaths, nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, and/or syncope. All the patients had severe symptoms due to HOCM (NYHA functional class = 2.9). RESULTS: During a mean follow-up time of 41 +/- 22.7 months following the TASH procedure, 4 patients had episodes of appropriate discharges (8% per year). The discharge rate in the secondary prevention group was 10% per year and 5% in the group with primary prophylactic implants. Three patients died during follow-up (one each of pulmonary embolism, stroke, and sudden death). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, on the basis of ICD-discharge rates in HOCM-patients at high risk for sudden death, there is no evidence for an unfavorable arrhythmogenic effect of TASH. The efficacy of ICD treatment for the prevention of sudden cardiac death in HOCM could be confirmed, however, mortality is high in this cohort of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients.     

Sudden cardiac death

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) due to ventricular tachyarrhythmias is a leading cause of death in the United States. Various etiologies, including ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathies, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, valvular or congenital heart diseases and other less common disorders, may result in SCD. Beta blockers are the only class of medications that have been shown to be beneficial in the primary prevention of SCD. However, recently, aldosterone antagonism early after myocardial infarction has also been shown to significantly reduce the risk of SCD. Multiple trials have elaborated on the potential benefits of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) in appropriately selected patients. However, there is still some controversy regarding the optimum period for ICD implantation, and its cost-effectiveness. An evidence-based approach to primary and secondary prevention of SCD is presented. Management of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is briefly discussed.     

Sudden Death Mortality in Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Patients

Implanfable Cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD) is not absolute and our experience was reviewed to determine the frequency and nature of SCO in this population. The incidence and cause of mortality in 56 consecutive patients, who underwent ICD implantation beginning May 1982 with follow-up through May 19, 1990 were analyzed. Twenty-one patients died, 33% of the mortality was due to SCD, and 52% of deaths may be considered arrhythmic. The cumulative 1, 3, and 5 year SCD survivals were 93%, 89%, and 75%. All seven patients dying of SCD presented initially with SCD, all received previous shocks prior to SCD, and two of the seven patients had devices that were probably inactive at the time of death. We conclude that ICDs reduce but by no means eliminate arrhythmic death, particularly in those at highest risk for SCD. Arrhythmic death remained the most common cause of death in this population.     

Cardiac defibrillation and resynchronization therapies: principles, therapies, and management implications

Patients with heart failure remain at high risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD) and death due to heart failure progression, despite the incorporation of pharmacologic agents into clinical practice that have been shown to decrease mortality in clinical trials. Most patients experience SCD as their first dysrrhythmic event. The implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) effectively terminates ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (VT/VF) aborting SCD. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) complements pharmacologic therapy improving cardiac performance, quality of life, functional status, and exercise capacity in patients with systolic dysfunction despite optimal medical therapy who have a prolonged QRS duration; furthermore, it decreases mortality when compared with optimal medical therapy alone. Implantation of a combination CRT and ICD device, a CRT-D, reduces mortality by aborting SCD and providing the functional benefits of CRT. This article discusses the evolution of CRT-D therapy, the mechanism of operation of a CRT-D device, and nursing implications.     

自主神经功能指标对心脏性猝死的预测价值

目的探讨自主神经功能指标（心率变异性及心率震荡）对心脏性猝死（SCD）患者的预测价值。方法对江西省人民医院门诊及住院的50例猝死高危患者（猝死高危组）进行前瞻性随访研究,同时选择无明显器质性心脏病史的患者50例作为对照组。2组患者均采用24h动态心电图进行检测,分析心率变异性的24h正常窦性RR间期的标准差时域指标（SDNN）、窦性心率震荡的心率起始（TO）和心率斜率（TS）指标的变化,3个月随访1次,持续2年。猝死高危组根据是否发生终点事件分为恶性心律失常组（12例）及非恶性心律失常组（38例）。以SCD或室颤作为终点事件,对上述数据进行统计学分析。结果猝死高危组中12例患者发生SCD（冠心病6例,扩张性心脏病5例,长QT综合征1例）。猝死高危组SDNN、TS均明显低于对照组,TO高于对照组（均P〈0．05）。恶性心律失常组的TS明显低于非恶性心律失常组（P〈0．05）;2组SDNN及TO比较差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。结论猝死高危患者TS低于对照组,且与恶性心律失常的发生关系密切。TS可能是SCD预测的重要指标。     

Patient understanding of disease and the use and outcome of implantable cardioverter defibrillators in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young individuals. Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) are the primary therapy for sudden death prevention; however, are associated with both physical and psychological complications. We sought to determine factors associated with ICD understanding and patient satisfaction. This was a cross‐sectional study, using patient/parent answered questionnaires distributed to patients enrolled in the Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Association. Patient characteristics and satisfaction data were obtained via questionnaire. Patients were compared based on age at diagnosis and presence of ICD. ICD patients with high satisfaction were compared to those with low satisfaction to determine factors associated with poor satisfaction. A total of 538 responses were obtained (53 ± 16 years); 46% were females. Seventy patients (13%) were diagnosed with HCM < 18 years of age and 356 (66%) had an ICD. Compared to those without an ICD, patients with ICDs were younger at age of diagnosis (P = 0.001) and time of study (P = 0.008). Patients with ICDs were more likely to have presented with syncope and have family history of ICD, SCD, or HCM‐related death. Nineteen patients (5%) felt that issues surrounding their ICD outweighed its benefit. Compared to patients with a favorable satisfaction, the only significant difference was the preimplant ICD discussion (P < 0.001) and history of lead replacement (P = 0.01). In conclusion, the majority of HCM patients with ICDs are satisfied with their ICD management and feel the benefits of ICDs outweigh issues associated with ICDs. Additionally, these data highlight the importance of the preimplant patient‐physician discussion around the need for ICD prior to implantation.