参麦注射液对人肝癌SMMC-7721肿瘤细胞的作用

目的 观察参麦注射液对人肝癌SMMC-7721肿瘤细胞的作用.方法 采用MTT法检测参麦注射液对于人肝癌SMMC-7721肿瘤细胞的体外增殖抑制率,流式细胞仪检测参麦注射液作用后的SMMC-7721肿瘤细胞的细胞周期、凋亡率的变化.结果 参麦注射液0～250μl/ml作用48 h,人肝癌SMMC-7721肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制率为9.0%～83.1%.随着浓度的增加,细胞增殖抑制率逐渐上升.参麦注射液终浓度200 μl/ml作用后的人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞G0～G1期明显增高,S期和G2～M期的细胞比例明显减少,凋亡率明显高于对照组(70.91%vs.7.57%).结论 参麦注射液对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞增殖具有明显的抑制作用.     

光叶番荔枝中二萜类化合物对人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721生长的抑制

目的研究光叶番荔枝中二萜类化合物对人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721生长的抑制作用。方法以四唑盐比色试验(MTT)法检测二萜类化合物对SMMC-7721细胞生长的抑制率,用相差倒置显微镜观察细胞形态变化,用流式细胞术检测细胞周期、凋亡率及多药耐药基因1(MDR1)的表达水平。结果5～25／2M的二萜类化合物对SMMC-7721细胞有较强的抑制作用,与浓度呈线性相关,并呈时间依赖性,72h半数抑制浓度(IC50)为19．41／2M,20／2M的药物作用于SMMC-7721细胞48h,流式细胞术检测细胞周期阻滞于G0～G1期,细胞凋亡率为24．95％;在相差倒置显微镜下观察到细胞凋亡的特征形态改变,MDR1表达明显下调,且随药物浓度的增加MDR1表达水平逐渐下降。结论光叶番荔枝中二萜类化合物对人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721有显著的抑制作用,可诱导癌细胞凋亡,明显下调MDR1的表达,具有逆转多药耐药性的作用。     

蛇莓中齐墩果酸对肝癌细胞SMMC-7721的抑制作用

目的:探讨蛇莓中齐墩果酸(OA)对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞增值的抑制作用.方法:建立人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞体外培养模型.MTT法检测不同浓度OA对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞的影响.结果:与对照组比较,药物组在24h对肝癌细胞具有明显的抑制作用(P<0.05),并在48h内随着浓度的增加,抑制率增加.结论:O...     

京大戟中二萜类化合物pekinenal对肝癌细胞增殖、周期和凋亡的影响

目的研究京大戟中二萜类化合物pekinenal对肝癌SMMC-7721细胞增殖、周期和凋亡的影响,并初步探讨其治疗肝癌可能的影响机制。方法采用MTT法分析不同浓度的pekinenal对体外培养SMMC-7721细胞增殖的影响;采用原位末端标记法(TUNEL)、Annexin V/PI双染法和电镜观察对细胞凋亡的作用;应用流式细胞术分析对细胞周期的影响。结果 MTT结果显示,pekinenal可明显抑制SMMC-7721细胞的增殖,呈浓度依赖性。Annexin V/PI双染法结果显示,随着pekinenal浓度的增加,肝癌SMMC-7721细胞的凋亡率明显增加,与对照组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。TUNEL法检测结果表明,不同浓度的pekinenal作用于SMMC-7721细胞后均可诱导肝癌细胞凋亡,凋亡指数(AI)随着药物浓度的升高明显增加(P<0.01)。给药后电镜观察,与对照组比较,发现肝细胞线粒体肿胀、内质网扩张,胞质包涵体形成,部分细胞核呈现凋亡表现,并且随着药物浓度增加,凋亡现象越明显。流式细胞术分析显示,不同浓度的pekinenal均可使细胞被阻滞于S期。结论 pekinenal对人肝癌细胞增殖有明显地抑制作用,并存在着明显的浓度依赖关系;pekinenal可能是通过抑制癌细胞DNA的合成,将人肝癌细胞周期阻滞在S期,抑制其增殖,通过诱导人肝癌细胞发生凋亡等,发挥其抗肝癌作用。     

维生素E琥珀酸酯联合5-氟尿嘧啶抗人肝癌细胞增殖作用的研究

目的观察维生素E琥珀酸酯(VES)联合5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)抗人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721的增殖作用。方法体外培养的SMMC-7721细胞以VES联合5-FU分别作用24和48h,MTT法测定细胞增殖的抑制作用;流式细胞仪分析细胞周期、凋亡率以及Fas的表达。结果MTT检测显示,VES6μg/mL作用细胞24h后抑制率为(2.78±0.05)%,随药物浓度的增加和作用时间的延长,抑制率显著增加(P<0.01);相同条件下,VES与5-FU合用较两药单用抑制作用显著增加(P<0.01)。流式细胞仪分析显示,SMMC-7721细胞自然凋亡率为(0.86±0.20)%,VES24μg/mL,5-FU30μg/mL及两者合用作用细胞24h后凋亡率分别为(30.08±2.32)%,(18.23±1.58)%和(63.68±2.88)%(P<0.01),细胞表面Fas表达增加。结论VES联合5-FU通过阻滞细胞周期于G0/G1期、促进细胞表面Fas的表达协同抑制肝癌细胞增殖。     

苦参碱诱导人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721凋亡的实验研究

目的研究不同浓度的苦参碱对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞诱导凋亡的作用。方法将不同浓度的苦参碱作用于培养的SMMC-7721肝癌细胞,通过四氮噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测各浓度的药物对细胞的抑制增殖作用;光学显微镜、荧光显微镜下形态学观察;DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳及流式细胞仪(FCM)研究分析其对肝癌细胞的诱导凋亡作用。结果浓度为2.01,4.02,6.04和8.05mmol·L-1苦参碱对SMMC-7721肝癌细胞都有不同程度的抑制增殖作用,抑制增殖作用随药物浓度的增加及作用时间的延长而加强(P<0.001)。光学显微镜、荧光显微镜下观察,发现细胞凋亡现象;DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳可见DNA梯形条带;流式细胞仪(FCM)检测分析出现凋亡亚二倍体峰。结论苦参碱对肝癌细胞具有诱导凋亡作用,诱导作用具有明显的量效和时效关系。     

多西他赛体外抗肝癌作用及对细胞内氧化还原状态的影响

目的：研究多西他赛（docetaxel）体外抗肝癌作用及其与氧化还原状态的关系。方法：用不同浓度的多西他赛处理肝癌细胞株（SMMC-7721细胞），用集落形成试验检测多西他赛对SMMC-7721细胞生长抑制作用，通过流式细胞术测定多西他赛对SMMC-7721细胞株细胞周期及凋亡的影响。用DCF／DA作为活性氧（reactive oxygen species，ROS）捕获剂检测用药后细胞内ROS产生。用试剂盒测定细胞谷胱甘肽（glutathione。GSH）水平。结果：多西他赛能抑制SMMC-7721细胞增殖，并呈浓度依赖性；诱导SMMC-7721细胞凋亡和G2／M期阻滞；导致SMMC-7721细胞内ROS产生增多和GSH降低。结论：多西他赛能通过诱导细胞凋亡和G2／M期阻滞而抑制SMMC-7721细胞增殖，用药后细胞内ROS产生增多和GSH降低可能在多西他赛体外抑制SMMC-7721细胞增殖和促进细胞凋亡中起重要作用。     

白藜芦醇对人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721增殖和凋亡的影响

目的观察白藜芦醇对人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721增殖和凋亡的影响,并初步探讨其机制。方法用MTT法检测白藜芦醇对SMMC-7721细胞增殖影响的量效与时效关系;应用流式细胞术（FCM）检测细胞凋亡率;比色法测定caspase-3酶活性。结果白藜芦醇（50、100、200μmol·L^-1）处理SMMC-7721细胞48h,呈浓度依赖性抑制SMMC-7721细胞增殖且诱导其凋亡;100μmol·L^-1白藜芦醇处理细胞24、48或72h显著抑制SMMC-7721细胞增殖并诱导其凋亡,且呈时间依赖性。白藜芦醇（50、100、200μmol·L^-1）处理SMMC-7721细胞48h,呈浓度依赖性增加SMMC-7721细胞caspase-3活性。结论白藜芦醇可抑制人肝癌细胞株洲C-7721的增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,其机制与增强细胞内caspase-3活性有关。     

牡荆素对人肝细胞癌SMMC-7721细胞的增殖抑制作用及其机制的影响

目的: 研究牡荆素(vitexin)对人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721的增殖抑制作用, 并初步探讨其作用机制。方法: 体外培养人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721, 分别采用MTT法和Hoechst33258核染色法检测牡荆素对人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721活力的影响以及观察细胞形态学变化;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率和线粒体膜电位(ΔΨm) 变化;蛋白免疫印迹法检测p53、Bcl-2、Bax等相关凋亡蛋白水平的表达情况。结果: 牡荆素培养人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721 48, 72, 96 h后能明显抑制细胞增殖, 呈时间-剂量依赖性(P<0.05), 其IC₅₀分别是150.37, 116.24, 90.19 μmol·L^-1。牡荆素作用于人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721 72 h后, 以浓度依赖性方式增加细胞凋亡率、降低线粒体膜电位(ΔΨm) 以及上调p53、Bax、Caspase-3等相关促凋亡蛋白的表达, 下调Bcl-2抗凋亡蛋白的表达。结论: 牡荆素能抑制人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721增殖诱导凋亡, 呈时间-剂量依赖性, 其作用机制可能通过依赖P53途径下调Bcl-2, 上调Casepase-3、Bax、P53、PARP等基因表达, 进而诱导凋亡有关。     

白芍总苷对SMMC-7721细胞增殖的抑制作用

目的探讨白芍总苷(total glucosides of paeony,TGP)对人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721的增殖抑制作用及其机制。方法采用MTT法检测TGP对SMMC-7721增殖的影响;应用荧光显微镜观察药物作用后的细胞的形态。结果白芍总苷(0.5~2.5g.L-1)能抑制SMMC-7721细胞生长,且呈浓度依赖性;TGP(1.0、1.5 g.L-1)分别作用72 h后,SMMC-7721细胞出现体积缩小,荧光染色增强,胞核或胞质中可见致密浓染的块状或颗粒状黄绿色荧光染色。结论白芍总苷在体外能够抑制人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721的增殖,并能诱导细胞凋亡。     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg.kg) or i.p. (50 mg.kg) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) l.h. kg in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) l.h. kg in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg x kg(-1)) or i.p. (50 mg x kg(-1)) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was approximately 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p < 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p < 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 +/- 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 +/- 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Interindividual variability in metabolic activation in humans in vivo

In assessing interindividual variability in metabolic activation, the toxic metabolite is often too unstable for conventional analysis. Possible alternatives include a stable product of the reactive metabolite e.g. cysteinyl derivatives of N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, adducts with DNA or protein, and indirect measurement of the activity of the enzyme(s) producing the active metabolite. An example of the last approach is the use of furafylline, a highly specific inhibitor of human CYP1A2, to determine the extent of the metabolic activation of the cooked food mutagens PhIP and MeIQx. The extent of inhibition, determined from levels of unchanged amine in urine, is an indirect measure of the activity of the activation pathway. Further refinement of this approach, allied to improved measures of the biological process of interest should prove of value in evaluating interindividual variability and its role in the risk assessment process.     

Theophylline kinetics in peripheral tissues in vivo in humans

Several biochemical and cellular effects have been described for methylxanthines under in vitro conditions. However, it is unknown, whether threshold concentrations required to exert these effects are attained in target tissues in vivo. We therefore employed the microdialysis technique for measuring theophylline concentrations in peripheral tissues under in vivo conditions.Following in vitro and in vivo calibration, microdialysis probes were inserted into the medial vastus muscle and into the periumbilical subcutaneous adipose layer of healthy volunteers. Following single oral dose administration of 300 mg or i.v. infusion of 240 mg theophylline, in vivo time courses of theophylline concentrations were monitored in tissues and plasma. Major pharmacokinetic parameters (c_max, t_max, AUC) were calculated for plasma and tissue time courses. The mean AUC_tissue /AUC_plasma-ratio was 0.56 (p.o.) and 0.55 (i.v.) for muscle and 0.55 (p.o.) and 0.72 (i.v.) for subcutaneous adipose tissue.We conclude that microdialysis provides important information on the distribution and the tissue pharmacokinetics of theophylline.Abbreviations FPIA Fluorescence polarisation immuno assay - AUC Area under the curve - t_max Time to peak concentration - c_max Peak concentration     

休克时血中氧自由基的变化

本实验测定10名休克患者血浆和红细胞的丙二醛(MDA)、血浆总抗的氧化活性(AOA)的含量。结果表明:休克病人红细胞膜和血浆 MDA 含量(4.298±0.722;5.348±0.834)与对照组(3.235±0.682;4.356±1.081)比较明显增高(P<0.05);血浆 AOA(39.65±7.858)与对照组(48.21±10.81)比较明显降低(P<0.01)。提示:休克时,患者机体内自由基反应增强是引起组织细胞损伤的原因之一。     

Changes in angiopoietin expression in glomeruli involved in glomerulosclerosis in rats with daunorubicin-induced nephrosis

AIM: To study the potential pathological role of endogenous angiopoietins in daunorubicin-induced progressive glomerulosclerosis in rats. METHODS: Seventy male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into a daunorubicin group (DRB; n=40) or a control group (n=30). The rats in the DRB group were injected with DRB (15 mg/kg), in their tails. Subsequently, at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks, 5 male Wistar rats in each group were chosen randomly for 24 h urinary protein quantitative measurements (24 h UPQM), and determination of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) levels. Kidney sections were examined by electron microscopy, Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization histochemistry. RESULTS: As glomerulosclerosis progressed in the DRB group, expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli decreased and expression of TNF-alpha protein, Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli increased. Expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were negatively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression, and mean area of extracellular matrix (MAECM). In comparison, expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were positively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression and MAECM; furthermore, there was a positive correlation between plasma Ang2 and 24 h UPQM. Plasma TNF-alpha and expression of TNF-alpha in glomeruli were positively correlated with expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli. There was a negative correlation between Ang1 protein expression and Ang2 protein expression in glomeruli. CONCLUSION: During DRB-induced glomerulosclerosis, podocyte injury led to a shift in the balance of Ang1 and Ang2 in glomeruli. Increased TNF-alpha in plasma and glomeruli may upregulate Ang2 expression in glomeruli. Elevated Ang2 in both plasma and glomeruli may mediate protein permeability through the glomerular filtration barrier. Moreover, local expression of Ang2 may facilitate the progress of glomerulosclerosis by upregulating a component expression of extracellular matrix.     

Trichinellosis in immigrants in Switzerland

We describe a case of trichinellosis diagnosed at the Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Lugano, in January 2009. This case was associated with a cluster of cases and was traced to the consumption of contaminated meat after a wild boar hunt in Bosnia.