青海省人群龋病流行病学抽样调查分析

目的了解青海省人群患龋状况及龋病发病的基线资料,为口腔卫生保健工作提供依据。方法根据第3次全国口腔健康流行病学抽样调查方案,首次对青海省5、12、35～44和65～74岁4个年龄组人群的患龋状况进行流行病学抽样调查。采用SPSS13.0软件对数据进行统计分析,以患龋率、龋均和龋充填率作为统计指标。结果5岁年龄组乳牙患龋率和龋均分别为71.63%和3.30。12岁年龄组恒牙冠龋患龋率和龋均分别为22.63%和0.40。35～44岁年龄组恒牙冠龋患龋率和龋均分别为64.47%和2.06。65～74岁年龄组恒牙冠龋患龋率和龋均分别为73.89%和3.08。4个年龄组龋充填率分别为1.85%、2.53%、8.00%和3.47%。结论青海省人群龋病状况不容乐观,龋齿充填率很低,应加强口腔健康教育,采取切实有效的措施,才能降低患龋率,提高龋齿的充填率。     

乳牙滞留的临床分析

近年来，乳牙滞留和因乳牙滞留造成的牙酷畸形逐渐增加。为了研究及探讨乳牙滞留的原因及处理原则，作者1985年～1996年收冶了469例患者，共拔除2621个滞留的乳牙，并且进行了统计分析，现报告如下。一、＜时料与方法在469例患者中，共有2621个滞留乳牙，最少3个，最多7个，人均559个；男性301例，女性168例，男女比例为互．8：l；年龄为6～引岁，共分为5组：6～15岁、16～25岁、26-35岁、36～45岁、46～sl岁。二、结果回．各年龄组例数和滞留的个数分布：在各年龄组中，6～15岁401例，占8550％；16～25岁53例，占11．30％；26～引岁15例，…     

北京市中年组人群恒牙龋病抽样调查报告

目的了解北京市35～44岁中年组人群恒牙龋病状况，为北京市口腔卫生保健规划提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样的方法，抽取北京市35～44岁城乡常住居民共792名，男女各半，按照《第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案》中的方法，检查全口恒牙患龋情况。结果792名受检者恒牙龋均1．74，患龋率58．59％，城市高于农村，女性高于男性。龋齿充填率39．97％，城市高于农村。恒牙根龋龋均0．55，根龋患龋率27．15％，根龋充填率仅1．85％，城乡之间无显著性差异。结论中年组人群根龋患病情况呈现明显上升趋势，应采取综合防治措施。同时，应加大对农村地区的口腔医疗及人力资源配置。     

云南省人群恒牙龋病治疗需要抽样调查报告

为了解云南省人群口腔健康状况,1995年全国第二次口腔流行病学调查,我们参与并组织了云南省口腔流行病学调查。现将云南省城乡人群恒牙龋病治疗需要抽样调查结果报告如下。对象与方法[1,2]1调查年龄为:5、12、15、18、35～44、65～74岁。本文描述18岁及以下人群牙冠部患龋治疗需要情况,18岁以上人群牙冠部和牙根部患龋治疗需要情况。2抽样方法及样本量、调查人员及质量控制、统计方法为云南省本次调查统一计划实施[3]。3记分标准按第二次全国口腔健康流行病学调查统一标准[1]。治疗需要的记分方法是根据受检牙被龋蚀的牙面数,而不是根据充填…     

"摩梭人"牙周疾病及其相关知识的现状

目的：“摩梭人”是至今世界上唯一存在的“母系家庭”，本研究旨在了解该人群牙周疾病的现状及其对该疾病相关知识的认识。方法：采用WHO（1997）口腔健康调查标准，抽样调查方法采用捷径调查，选择“摩梭人”886人，男389人，女497人。根据性别和年龄（18－24岁，25－34岁，35－44岁，65－74岁）进行分组，用社区牙周指数（community periodontal index,CPI)来评价该群体的牙周健康状况，并做一致性检验，Kappa值为0．86。结果：四个年龄组中社区牙周指数被记录为“健康”（即CPI为0）者分别占受检人数的14．7％，1．45％，（35－44岁，65－74岁组均为0）；“牙龈出血”（CPI为1）分别为5．6％，0．55％，1．51％，0；“牙洁石积聚”分别为79．3％，92．8％，88．5％，84．4％；“浅牙周带”分别为0．5％，3．33％，9．85％，13．4％；“深牙周带”分别为0．03％，1．05％，1．15％，2．2％；以其牙周状况和对牙周疾病及其相关知识的认识无性别差异，对牙周疾病病因及如何预防知识的认识欠缺，仅5－13％的人群知道刷牙是主要的口腔卫生措施。结论：“牙石积聚”为最高CPI分值者普遍存在，该人群缺乏对牙周疾病病因以及如何预防知识的认识，迫切需要口腔健康保健，在该地区积极开展牙周疾病的防治工作。     

安徽省口腔健康状况及行为分析

为全面了解安徽省不同地区、不同年龄人群的口腔健康状况、口腔健康知识的知晓及口腔卫生行为情况 ,预测发展趋势与人群特点及与社会因素的关系 ,促进慢性非传染性疾病防治的深入开展 ,我们在 1999～ 2 0 0 1年完成了安徽省第一次口腔健康流行病学抽样调查。一、调查方法1.调查对象 :选取在地理、经济、文化上各具代表性的合肥、芜湖、阜阳及桐城四个城市 ,分 5岁、12岁、18岁、35～ 4 4岁、6 5～ 74岁 6个年龄组。各年龄组人数基本均等 ,共13974例 ,男女之比为 1:1。行为问卷调查对象分 12岁、18岁、35～ 4 4岁、6 5～ 74岁 4个年龄组共 4 …     

乳牙滞留64例临床分析

我科于 1994～ 2 0 0 0年在门诊患者中发现有乳牙滞留者 86例 ,滞留牙 98个 ,现报道如下 :1　临床资料6 4例中男性 41人 ,女性 2 3人 ,男女比约为 2∶1。 12～ 2 0岁 2 6例 42个牙 ,2 1～ 30岁 2 8例 44个牙 ,31岁以上 10例 12个牙。其中年龄最小者 12岁 ,最大者 48岁。有 2个以上乳牙滞留者 12例 ,最多者有 4个乳牙滞留。 6 4例均摄有Ｘ光牙片。 98个滞留牙中有继承牙 34个 ,无继承牙者 6 4个。 38个滞留牙有功能 ,6 0个无功能。滞留牙在牙列分布见表 1。表 1　滞留乳牙的分布牙　位滞留乳牙数 (个 )左侧右侧　　Ⅰ 0 0上　Ⅱ 2 2　　Ⅲ 11…     

辽宁省35～74岁人群恒牙冠龋及牙龈疾病状况抽样调查报告（2015—2016年）

目的　了解辽宁省35～74岁人群恒牙冠龋及牙龈疾病状况,为辽宁省口腔健康保健工作及相关研究提供数据支持。方法　抽取辽宁省35～44岁、55～64岁、65～74岁常住居民共计431人,按照第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案中临床牙列检查方法和标准,使用CPI探针检查全口恒牙冠龋及牙龈情况,计算恒牙冠龋患病率、龋均、牙龈出血率、牙石检出率,并比较存在的差异等。结果　辽宁省35～44岁、55～64岁、65～74岁人群恒牙冠龋患病率分别为72.7%、76.4%、76.4%,其中仅35～44岁年龄组城乡差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;龋均分别为3.36、3.40、3.90,各年龄组城市均低于农村,差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。牙龈出血检出率分别为77.6%、78.5%、68.1%,牙石检出率分别为91.6%、93.1%、88.2%,下颌前牙是牙石分布最为集中部位。结论　辽宁省中老年人群恒牙冠龋患病率、牙龈出血率及牙石检出率均较高,基础预防及治疗手段欠缺,有待进一步完善。     

2005年广东省成年人恒牙冠龋病抽样调查报告

目的 了解广东省35～44岁、 65～74岁人群恒牙龋病状况,为广东省口腔卫生保健工作提供信息支持.方法 采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样的方法,抽取广东省35～44岁、 65～74岁城乡常住人口各720人,男女各半.按照《第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案》中临床检查牙列状况的检查方法和标准,使用CPI探针检查全口恒牙牙冠龋病情况.数据采用SAS 8.1软件统计,计算出患龋率、龋均.结果 35～44岁组恒牙患龋率为63.89%、龋均为1.99;患龋率和龋均均为女性高于男性,农村高于城市. 65～74岁组患龋率为74.17%、龋均为3.37;患龋率和龋均均为农村高于城市.结论 广东省成年人群龋病患病率较高,人群大部分龋齿未得到治疗.     

辽宁省人群患龋状况及趋势的抽样调查分析

目的:调查辽宁省城乡不同年龄组人群患龋状况,探讨(1995～2005)10年间龋患特点及趋势。方法:采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样方法,按照WHO《口腔健康调查基本方法》(第4版)的要求,对全省5、12、35～44、65～74岁4个年龄组的人群进行患龋状况抽样调查,并应用SPSS12.0软件包中的t检验和χ2检验对(1995、2005)2次流行病学调查的龋均和患龋率进行比较分析。结果:5、12、35～44岁人群2005年患龋率分别为73.86%、30.05%和63.89%,均低于1995年的89.49%、59.19%和70.26%。但65～74岁组2005年患龋率为67.40%,与1995年无显著性差异。2次调查中,除5岁组外,城市人群恒牙患龋率和龋均远高于农村;而儿童乳牙呈现出不同的特点,即1995年城市患龋高于农村,2005年农村高于城市。结论:辽宁省各年龄组(除外老年人)人群的患龋率与10年前相比呈下降趋势,儿童乳牙龋患城乡呈现不同发展规律。加强口腔健康教育,推广适宜的牙防技术,是降低我省人群患龋状况的关键。     

A cohort study on prevalence of dental caries concerning primary schoolchildren in one village of Niigata Prefecture

To review the previous preventive measures against the incidence of dental caries in children, we started to examine the state of dental health in children at the age of 18 months. The annual dental examination continued up to 12 years of age (sixgraders). Enrolled in this study were a total of 225 children living in a Town T and born between 1980 and 1982. Meanwhile, we made surveys in order to gauge the degree to which the subjects and their parents have concern for oral health. The findings and their relationships to the caries incidence were analyzed using an epidemiological technique. The annual dental examinations revealed that in primary dentition the incidence of caries tends to increase in 3-year-olds while in permanent dentition the carious process extends in 4–6 graders. By kind of teeth, primary molars accounted for 52% of the affected deciduous teeth. First molars made up 72% of all the decayed permanent teeth. Using the two caries cumulative indexes developed by our department for recording the prevalence and severity of tooth decay in the deciduous dentition and in the permanent dentition, respectively, we found that there is a correlation between the incidence of caries in the deciduous dentition and that in the permanent teeth. The two formulae are based on the cumulative number of decayed teeth that appeared in the deciduous dentition and permanent dentition for a given period of time. In order to find whether there is any correlation between caries attack and attention paid to the risk factors, we divided the subjects into two groups by the number of decayed teeth per person. In the group made up of those with many carious teeth, it was noted that between-meal snacks are most likely to produce caries in deciduous teeth, while lifestyle affects permanentteth.

     

多发性乳牙滞留1例

乳牙滞留是指继替恒牙已萌出,乳牙未能按时脱落;或恒牙未萌出,乳牙保留在恒牙列中。本文对1例双侧上下颌骨多发性乳牙滞留进行报道。     

一种新的牙齿记录法

目的:介绍一种新的牙齿记录法,以达到简便而准确地描述和记录牙齿的目的。方法:T或t作为记录牙齿的标识字符,T代表恒牙,t代表乳牙。用数字1～8和1～5从牙弓中线向远端对恒牙和乳牙编号。用"字母加数字"的方式对恒牙和乳牙、上颌牙和下颌牙、前牙和后牙以及牙位进行记录。结果:恒牙标记为T1～T8,乳牙标记为t1～t5。上、下颌恒牙分别标记为UT1～UT8和LT1～LT8。上、下颌乳牙分别标记为Ut1～Ut5和Lt1～Lt5。前牙、前磨牙和磨牙分别标记为T(1-3)、T(4、5)和T(6-8)。乳前牙和后牙分别标记为t(1-3)和t(4、5)。恒牙牙位用上下标牙位记录法或"UR、UL、LR、LL"加"T1～T8"标记。乳牙牙位用上下标牙位记录法或"UR、UL、LR、LL"加"t1～t5"标记。结论:新的牙齿记录法能简便而准确地标记牙齿、上下颌牙齿、前牙和后牙以及牙位。     

A case report of cleidocranial dysplasia: A noninvasive approach

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare bone disorder. The main dental features are the presence of multiple retained deciduous teeth and supernumerary teeth, as well as unerupted permanent teeth. To date, CCD is managed by a combination approach, which consists of the extraction of deciduous and supernumerary teeth, followed by orthodontic traction of unerupted permanent teeth. This case highlights the management of a girl with CCD, who refused the recommended protocol. A 15‐year‐old Malay female presented with a complaint of retained deciduous teeth. Intraoral examination revealed multiple retained deciduous teeth. Radiographs showed numerous impacted supernumerary and unerupted permanent teeth. The patient opted to improve her facial appearance with a less aggressive treatment option. A composite build‐up on all anterior maxillary deciduous teeth was carried out until the patient was ready to undergo surgical intervention.     

Long root of deciduous anterior teeth

A 24-year-old female Japanese patient presented with remarkably long roots of retained deciduous anterior teeth and permanent anterior teeth in the upper and lower jaw. Four lower anterior teeth were extracted for esthetic reasons. The patient had no apparent clinical syndrome related to the teeth or jaw, nor did there appear to be a family history of this condition. The extracted teeth and their lengths were as follows: the lower right deciduous lateral incisor was 25.55 mm long (root length, 18.95 mm); the lower left deciduous lateral incisor was 22.10 mm long (root length, 17.25 mm); the lower right deciduous canine was 27.95 mm long (root length, 20.60 mm); and the lower left deciduous canine was 23.90 mm long (root length, 17.65 mm).     

Abnormalities of tooth development in pituitary dwarfism.

Roentgenographic studies of the jaws and teeth in a group of forty-eight pituitary dwarfs showed the following abnormalities in the development of the teeth: 1. Delayed shedding of the deciduous teeth. 2. Absence of resorption of the roots of the deciduous teeth at the usual time. 3. Marked delay in eruption of the permanent teeth. 4. Retention of permanent teeth in the maxillary and mandibular shafts. 5. Development of the apical parts of roots of the retained permanent teeth and their growth toward the lower mandibular edge. 6. Displacement of the first molars from the mandibular shaft to rami. 7. Tilting of some of the retained teeth. 8. Small size of the maxilla and mandible with overcrowding of the teeth in these bones. 9. Complete absence of buds of the wisdom teeth, even in patients in the fourth decade of life. 10. Stimulation of development and eruption of the teeth after administration of anabolic drugs. These abnormalities when present in combination depend on growth hormone deficiency since they do not occur in other types of dwarfism.     

Statistical studies on numerical anomalies of teeth in children using orthopantomograms. Hyperdontia

Statistical studies on numerical anomalies of teeth using orthopanthomograms had been attempted. In this paper, hyperdontia had been researched using 4009 orthopanthomograms of pedodontic patients. The tested were following: Male: Age 2-5 1036, 6-11 905, 12-22 Total 1963 Female: Age 2-5 1032, 6-11 985, 12-29 Total 2046 respectively. And 119 hyperdontia cases (143 teeth -1 tooth: 95 cases, 2 teeth: 24 cases) were found. Male: 84 cases 104 teeth (1 tooth: 64 cases, 2 teeth: 20 cases) Female: 35 cases 39 teeth (1 tooth: 31 cases, 2 teeth: 4 cases). Form supplemental teeth (normal form) deciduous teeth 4 teeth (4 anteriors containing 2-3 C in a case.) permanent teeth 32 teeth (anteriors: 28, premolars: 4) supernumerary teeth (abnormal form) deciduous cuspid like, conical 97 teeth (upper incisors) queer form 10 teeth (upper anteriors) Eruption line normal 85 teeth inversive 46 teeth horizontal 12 teeth Depth in alveolus Hyperdontia are classified in following: 1. in the alveolus deeper than permanent dentition in deciduous teeth period type I 1.7% in permanent teeth period type I' 23.5% 2. in the same depth of permanent dentition in deciduous teeth period type II 24.4% in permanent teeth period type V 9.2% 3. in the depth between permanent dentition and deciduous dentition type III 38.7% 4. in the deciduous dentition type IV 3.4% Type I, Type I', and Type III (total 63.9%) possibly belong to different teeth generation from deciduous and permanent teeth.     

Management of a permanent tooth after trauma to deciduous predecessor: an evaluation by cone‐beam computed tomography

Abstract – Impaction of permanent teeth represents a clinical challenge with regard to diagnosis, treatment plan, and prognosis. There is a close relationship between deciduous teeth and permanent teeth germ, and any injury in the deciduous dentition may influence the permanent teeth eruption. The extent of the damage caused to the permanent teeth germ depends on the patient age at the time of injury, type of trauma, severity, and direction of the impact. Conventional radiographic images are frequently used for diagnosis; however, recent developments in three‐dimensional (3D) imaging systems have enabled dentistry to visualize structural changes effectively, with better contrast and more details, close to the reality. The cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been used in the diagnosis and treatment plan of these impacted teeth. The purpose of the present case report is to describe a successful conservative management of a retained permanent maxillary lateral incisor with delayed root development after a trauma through the deciduous predecessor in a 9 year‐old patient. After clinical and radiographic examination, a CBCT examination of the maxilla was requested to complement the diagnosis, providing an accurate 3D position of the retained tooth and its relationship to adjacent structures. The proposed treatment plan was the surgical exposure and orthodontic traction of the retained tooth. The lateral incisor spontaneously erupted after 6 months. Therefore, this case report suggests that permanent teeth with incomplete root formation have a great potential for spontaneous eruption because no tooth malposition or mechanical obstacles are observed.     

Retained deciduous mandibular molars in adults: a radiographic study of long-term changes

Management of retained deciduous second molars in the absence of permanent successors can be challenging. The purpose of this retrospective radiographic study was to examine long-term changes in retained deciduous mandibular second molars in adult patients. Specifically, we sought to answer the question, "If an adult has a retained deciduous mandibular second molar and a missing successor, is retaining the deciduous molar a viable treatment option?" From more than 6000 adult patients at the University of Iowa College of Dentistry, 20 were identified who initially had at least 1 retained deciduous mandibular second molar without a permanent successor and who had radiographs spanning 5 or more years after the initial visit. The mean (standard deviation) age at the initial examination was 36.1 (12.9) years, the mean age at the final examination was 48.5 (12.6) years, and the mean examination time span was 12.4 (7.7) years. Of the 28 retained deciduous molars initially identified, 24 (86%) continue to function. The remaining 4 were lost at a mean age of 51.0 (13.9) years and a mean time span after initial examination of 14.3 (10.0) years; this approximates the lifespan of some prosthetic appliances. These 4 mandibular deciduous molars were lost because of caries or periodontal breakdown. Furthermore, we found that the average shortening of all deciduous root lengths was negligible (0.16 mm), and only 6 teeth underwent a change in restoration status. Based on this study in adults and earlier studies in adolescents, we conclude that retaining healthy deciduous mandibular second molars is a viable treatment alternative.     

宜昌市弱势儿童龋病及口腔卫生状况调查

目的：了解宜昌市聋哑学校8—12岁盲、弱、聋哑儿童患龋情况及口腔卫生状况。方法：随机抽取聋哑学校98名8—12岁盲、弱、聋哑儿童进行口腔卫生状况、龋病调查，参照全国第2次口腔流行病学调查方案调查。结果：宜昌市聋哑学校8—12岁盲、弱、聋哑儿童乳牙患龋率66.33％，龋均3．01，充填率为0，恒牙患龋率67．35％，龋均1．49，充填率5．48％。结论：盲、弱、聋哑儿童患龋率均高，充填率极低，口腔卫生状况差，牙龈炎流行，提请社会对于这一弱势群体的口腔健康状况给予更多关爱。