氨基酰化酶高产菌株的选育与发酵

本实验以赭曲霉F_(449)为出发菌株,发酵产生氨基酰化酶,其野生型菌株产酶单位为12.2μ/ml发酵液。我们首先以紫外线诱变处理2min,得到其变异株F_9,产酶16μ/ml发酵液,然后对F_9菌株的原生质体进行亚硝基胍诱变处理15min,得F_(28)菌株,产酶24.7μ/ml发酵液,将F_(28)菌株在优化培养基中发酵培养,其产酰化酶单位提高到32.4μ/ml发酵液,与此同时,提取得到粗品酰化酶,其酶活为15,000μ/g。     

氨基酰化酶高产菌株的选育与发酵

本实验以赭曲霉F449为出发菌株，发酵产生氨基酰化酶，其野生型菌株产酶单位为12.2u/ml发酵液,我们首先以紫外线诱变处理2min,得到其变异株F9,产酶16u/ml发酵液,然后对F9菌株的原生质生质体进行亚硝基胍诱变处理15min,得F28菌株,产酶24.7u/ml发酵液,将F28菌株在优化培养基中发酵培养,其产酰化酶单位提高到32.4u/ml发酵液,与此同时,提取到粗品酰化酶,其酶活为15,000u/g.     

红霉素链霉菌遗传控制的研究 一 红霉素链霉菌无活性突变株回复突变株的筛选

利用亚硝基胍(NTG)对红霉素链霉菌(S.erythreus UV 80)活性菌株进行回复突变,获得了红霉素高产量变株。先以NTG(100μg/ml,1小时)处理母株,得无活性变株,再经诱变,得到回复突变株,其活性提高8％。进一步用NTG(1000μg/ml,1小时)诱变处理,得到了比原菌株红霉素产量高25％的变株。诱变剂的最适剂量为产生90～94％死亡率的剂量。同时还观察到红霉素链霉菌变株的培养特征和生产能力之间有相关性。     

紫杉醇产生菌美丽镰刀霉K1781的诱变育种

采用紫外线与亚硝酸对美丽镰刀霉(Fusarium mairei)K178的孢子进行复合诱变,于含40μg/ml制霉菌素的平板上进行筛选,获得31株突变株,其中5株的紫杉醇摇瓶发酵产量高于出发菌株,突变株UH23的紫杉醇产量为259.8μg/L,进一步优化其发酵工艺条件,紫杉醇产量达286.4pg/L,较出发菌株提高了29.9%.     

微波诱变及添加氯化镧筛选阿扎霉素B高产菌株

目的 拟通过微波诱变和添加氯化镧对阿扎霉素B产生菌N98-1634进行选育,获得高产菌株.方法 对菌株进行40～240s的微波诱变,采用金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌圈法获得初筛通过株,并进行HPLC复筛获得高产菌株;在高产菌株发酵培养基中加入5～30mg/L的氯化镧考查其对阿扎霉素B合成的影响.结果 通过微波诱变选出l株阿扎霉素B产量达到945.0μg/mL的突变菌株MW-638,较出发菌株N98-1634的752.4μg/mL提高了25.6％,随后经过添加15mg/L氯化镧阿扎霉素B单位最终达到1413.8μg/mL.结论 微波诱变对提高菌株N98-1634阿扎霉素B发酵单位效果明显,诱变菌株添加适量氯化镧可以显著提高其产量.     

产腺苷蛋氨酸酵母菌株的选育

目的筛选产腺苷蛋氨酸(SAM)的酵母菌并进行诱变育种。方法以选择性培养基筛选酵母菌株并用高效液相色谱检测SAM。利用紫外线和γ-射线处理对菌株进行诱变。结果从34份土样中筛选到1株产SAM的酵母菌Q95菌株,经过5轮紫外线诱变和1轮γ-射线诱变,筛选到1株SAM产量显著提高的正突变株Q6-13。摇瓶发酵27 h后,其SAM产量达到1860μg/mL,与Q95相比提高了86.9%。在15 L外循环气升式生物反应器中补料发酵22 h后,Q6-13的SAM产量达到2540μg/mL。结论通过筛选和诱变,得到了1株高产SAM的酵母菌突变株,为SAM的微生物发酵法规模化生产奠定了基础。     

链霉菌702抗药性致死突变标志微波诱变筛选研究

目的 筛选出产抗真菌活性物质的高产链霉菌702突变株.方法 分别以链霉菌702菌株为试验材料和以庆大霉素为敏感抗生素建立链霉菌702孢子致死突变标志的微波诱变筛选模型,通过微波对链霉菌702菌株孢子进行不同时间的诱变处理,将诱变处理后的孢予悬液涂布于含致死浓度的庆大霉素的PDA平板培养基上,获得抗庆大霉素突变株,分别挑取单个抗药性突变菌株进行摇瓶初筛和复筛.生物效价测定采用一剂量法.结果 微波处理30s对菌株的致死率可达70.53%,抗药性突变率高达23.13%,获得的抗药性突变株经过摇瓶初筛和复筛,获得高产突变株20-29-47菌株,产抗真菌活件物质的摇瓶发酵单位达到1478μg/ml,比出发菌株发酵单位986μg/ml提高T49.9%.结论 采用抗药性致死突变标志的微波诱变筛选模型可以获得产抗真菌活性物质的链霉菌702高产菌株.     

埃坡霉素高产菌株的选育

采用紫外-亚硝酸盐复合诱变法对纤维堆囊菌(Sorangium cellulosum)ATCC 15384进行诱变,结合红霉素抗性筛选,筛得一株遗传稳定的埃坡霉素高产菌株纤维堆囊菌UNl6H127,埃坡霉素A(Epo A)和埃坡霉素B(Epo B)的产量为289.9和25.14μg/L,总产量(EpoA+Epo B,315.04μg/L)是出发菌株的23.8倍.     

通过获得链霉素抗性基因(str)突变株筛选梅岭霉素高产菌株

本文通过链霉素对梅岭霉素（meilingmycin）产生菌南昌链霉菌NS－41－80菌株孢子致死浓度的测定，采用诱变剂EMS四种不同诱变剂量对菌株的孢子进行诱变处理，诱变处理的孢子涂布在含链霉素致死浓度的高氏平板上，获得了大量的链霉素抗性基因（str）突变株。然后从链霉素抗性基因突变株进一步筛选到梅岭霉素高产菌株80－5．11－221，在摇瓶条件下，只产梅岭霉素不产南昌霉素，梅岭霉素活性效价达1500μg/ml，比出发菌株NS－41－80的摇瓶发酵效价855μg/ml提高了77．9％，该菌株连续传代六代进行摇瓶发酵，其F2代和F3代梅岭霉素发酵效价稳定，F4代至F6代随着传代数增加，其梅岭霉素发酵效价急速下降。通过EMS诱变剂量分别与抗药性突变率和链霉素抗性基因突变株产梅岭霉素产量的产势统计分析表明，菌株抗药性突变与产抗生素突变密切相关，产抗生素突变的EMS诱变剂量高于链霉素抗性基因突变诱变剂量。在0．03mol/L的EMS剂量作用下，菌株致死率为99．43％，而抗药性突变率为0．0440％，建立了梅岭霉素产生菌链霉素抗性基因突变筛选方法，为南昌链霉菌高产菌种选育研究作了有益的尝试，并有助于其它链霉菌属的抗生素产生菌育种研究。     

紫杉醇产生菌美丽镰刀霉K178的诱变育种

采用紫外线与亚硝酸对美丽镰刀霉（Fusarium mairei）K178的孢子进行复合诱变，于含40μg／ml制霉菌素的平板上进行筛选，获得31株突变株，其中5株的紫杉醇摇瓶发酵产量高于出发菌株，突变株UH23的紫杉醇产量为259．8μg／L，进一步优化其发酵工艺条件，紫杉醇产量达286．4μg／L，较出发菌株提高了29．9％。     

红霉素链霉菌遗传控制的研究 2.红霉素链霉菌耐前体耐红霉素高产菌株的筛选

利用长波紫外线和8-甲氧基补骨脂素光敏化物质诱变处理红霉素链霉菌14-74,在含有红霉素或和前体的培养基中,筛选得到了红霉素高产变株。在含有红霉素2万μg/ml 的种子培养基中,筛得活性提高6.2%的耐性变株;在含有6%正丙醇的种子培养基中,得到活性提高12.4%的耐性变株。将耐红霉素3万μg/ml 的变株进一步用长波紫外线诱变处理,在含有5%正丙醇的种子培养基中进行筛选,得到耐红霉素和正丙醇,活性提高19.1%的变株。     

L-苏氨酸产生菌选育的研究

用亚硝基胍(NTG)和紫外线(UV)诱变处理出发菌株T_(6-13),定向筛选α-氨基β-羟基戊酸(AHV)和S-(2-氯基乙基)-L-半胱氨酸(AEC)抗性突变株和蛋氨酸缺陷型,得一苏氨酸产生菌M_(8-31)(AHV~rAEC~rMet~-),可积累L-苏氨酸6.7mg/ml。再以M_(8-31)为出发菌株,进一步提高抗性和筛选α-氨基-4-乙硫丁酸(Eth)敏感突变株,获得一苏氨酸高产菌株ME7(AHV~rAEC~rMet~-Eth~s),在含有葡萄糖10%的培养基中发酵48h可积累L-苏氨酸17.5mg/ml。     

Effect of hemopurification rate on doripenem pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients receiving high-flow continuous hemodiafiltration

Hemopurification is an effective therapy for acute kidney injury, defined as creatinine clearance less than 30 ml/min, which occurs frequently in the intensive care unit. These critically ill patients often have severe infectious complications and are thus often treated with antibiotics. However, the effect of hemopurification on the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the pharmacokinetics of doripenem (DRPM) in critically ill patients with accompanying renal dysfunction undergoing continuous hemodiafiltration by high-volume filtration/high-flow dialysis (high-flow CHDF) and compared it to the pharmacokinetics of DRPM during conventional CHDF. We studied 8 patients (2 in the high-flow group and 6 in the conventional group) in whom DRPM was administered while performing CHDF for acute kidney injury. DRPM (250 mg) was intravenously infused over 1 h. For the conventional group, CHDF was performed at a blood flow rate (Q(B)) of 100 ml/min, dialysate flow rate (Q(D)) of 500 ml/h, and filtration flow rate (Q(F)) of 300 ml/h. For the high-flow group, CHDF was performed at a blood flow rate (Q(B)) of 100 ml/min, dialysate flow rate (Q(D)) of 1500 ml/h, and filtration flow rate (Q(F)) of 900 ml/h. For both groups, a polysulfonehemofilter with a membrane area of 1.0 m(2) was used. Mean half-life, total body clearance, and clearance via hemodiafiltration of DRPM were 2.9 h, 118 ml/min, and 41.9 ml/min, respectively, in the high-flow group, and 7.9 h, 58 ml/min, and 13.5 ml/min in the conventional group. Clearance via hemodiafiltration increased approximately 3-fold by tripling the hemopurification rate. Therefore, CHDF parameters greatly affected DRPM pharmacokinetics in patients receiving CHDF. These results suggest that clearance via hemodiafiltration increases proportionally to the hemopurification rate. Thus, it is reasonable to conclude that DRPM dose must be increased to 1.0-1.5 g/day when performing high-flow CHDF.     

Mutagenesis of the rapamycin producer Streptomyces hygroscopicus FC904

Rapamycin (RPM) is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus FC904 isolated from soil in Fuzhou, China. It is a triene macrolide antibiotic with potential application as an immunosuppressant and drug for human gene therapy. In an attempt to improve rapamycin production, mutation and screening of the parent culture have been carried out. Thousands of survivors were obtained after mutagenesis by NTG (3 mg/ml) and UV (30 W, 15 cm, 30 seconds) of spore suspensions. None showed improved production of RPM. We determined the susceptibility to antibiotics of S. hygroscopicus FC904 by two fold dilutions of antibiotics in oatmeal agar plates. It was found that the strain was resistant to penicillin, erythromycin, RPM, tetracycline and chloramphenicol, but susceptible to mitomycin C (MIC, 10 microg/ml) and aminoglycosides such as gentamicin (MIC, 0.1 microg/ml), kanamycin (MIC, 0.1 microg/ml) and streptomycin (MIC, 0.3 microg/ml). Protoplasts of strain FC904 were prepared after finding the best conditions for their formation. They were treated with gentamicin, erythromycin, mitomycin C and NTG. Surprisingly, gentamicin was especially effective for obtaining higher RPM-producing mutants. Mutant C14 was selected by exposing the protoplasts of the parent strain FC904 to 1 microg/ml of gentamicin at 28 degrees C for 2 hours. A higher RPM-producing mutant (C14-1) was obtained from the protoplasts of mutant C14 treated with gentamicin, and its titer was 60% higher than that of the parent strain FC904 by HPLC analysis. Another improved mutant (C14-2) was obtained from the spores of mutant C 14 treated with 1 microg/ml of gentamicin plus 2 mg/ml of NTG at 28 degrees C for 2 hours. Mutant C14-2 had a titer 124% higher than FC904. The possible mechanism for the effect of gentamicin by using protoplasts or spore suspensions will be discussed, i.e. the possibility of gentamicin being a mutagen or a selective agent.     

小切口胆囊切除术治疗胆结石伴胆囊炎的效果观察

目的 探讨小切口胆囊切除术治疗胆结石伴胆囊炎的效果.方法 68例胆结石伴胆囊炎患者,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和实验组,每组34例.对照组行开腹胆囊切除术治疗,实验组行小切口胆囊切除术治疗.比较两组治疗前后疼痛介质因子指标(白细胞介素-6、心肌细胞P物质、前列腺素E2)、手术时间以及住院时间、并发症发生情况.结果 术前...     

牛膝总皂甙对大鼠离体子宫兴奋作用机理的研究

以子宫收缩面积(UCA)为指标,用消炎痛与氯丙嗪等作阻断剂,分析牛膝总皂甙(ABS)对大鼠离体子宫兴奋作用的机理。结果表明,实验前给大鼠用消炎痛(75mg/只)灌胃或浴槽内加消炎痛(20μg/ml),均可明显减弱ABS对大鼠离体子宫的兴奋作用。前列腺素E_2200ng/ml可明显增强ABS兴奋大鼠子宫作用。氯丙嗪0.5μg/ml也可明显减弱ABS对已,未孕大鼠子宫的兴奋作用,而阿托品10μg/ml对ABS所致大鼠子宫兴奋无明显影响。     

产紫青霉G59的庆大霉素抗性突变株新产抗肿瘤活性产物研究

目的阐明真菌无活性野生株产紫青霉G59的庆大霉素抗性突变株2-5-3-1新产抗肿瘤活性产物。方法在活性跟踪和薄层检测指导下,通过与原始菌样品直接对照,利用液液萃取、柱层析、制备薄层层析、重结晶等技术,分离纯化活性产物。根据理化常数和波谱数据鉴定化合物结构。用MTT法测试样品对K562细胞的抑制活性。结果从突变株2-5-3-1发酵物中分离鉴定了麦角甾醇（1）、fructigenine A（2）、rugulosuvine A（3）、大黄素（4）和ω-羟基大黄素（5）。化合物1~5在100μg/ml浓度下对K562细胞的抑制率分别为52.8%、60.8%、41.2%、84.6%和37.1%,其中1、2和4的IC50分别为93.1、58.4和30.0μg/ml。结论化合物1~5均为产紫青霉G59不生产而突变株新产抗肿瘤活性产物。用DMSO介导的庆大霉素抗性筛选方法可以将无活性真菌野生株转化成活性突变株并供新产活性产物研究。