老年男性脑白质病变患者认知功能特点的研究

目的 探讨老年男性脑白质病变患者认知功能的改变特点.方法 采用蒙特利尔评估量表(MoCA)对64例老年男性脑白质病变患者的认知状况进行评估.结果 不同部位及不同程度脑白质病变老年男性患者MoCA总分及各分项评分随病情加重呈降低趋势.按脑室旁脑白质病变(PVL)分组时,中重度组(PVL=2或3)MoCA总分与对照组(PVL=0)、轻度组(PVL=1)相比,轻、中重度组定向力得分与对照组相比,中重度组延迟回忆得分与对照组相比差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),轻度组注意力得分与中重度组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),但与对照组相比差异无统计学意义.按深部脑白质病变(DWML)分组时,中重度组(DWML=2或3)MoCA总分与命名得分与对照组(DWML=0)相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其余各项目得分差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 老年男性患者脑白质病变与认知功能减退有关,且脑室旁脑白质病变对认知功能的影响较深部脑白质病变明显.     

连续性血液净化联合腹膜透析治疗重症急性胰腺炎

目的:探讨连续性血液净化(CBP)联合腹膜透析(PD)对非手术治疗的重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)的治疗效果.方法:23例患者,随机分治疗组及对照组.治疗组为综合治疗4 CBP PD治疗方法,CBP采用连续性静咏-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)或高容量血液滤过(HVHF),每疗程49-72h,每例患者1-3个疗程不等.PD采用间歇性腹膜透析(IPD),每d12-18周期,每次1000nd.对照组仅综合治疗.观察两组患者在病程的不同时间的腹水淀粉酶,APACHEⅡ评分,Balthazar CT分级评分情况及腹痛缓解的的时间.结果:两组患者治疗前年龄,APACHEⅡ评分,Balthazar CT分级评分无显著差异性.在治疗开始后24h,48h及一周后的APACHEⅡ评分中,治疗组显著低于对照组(8.6±3.2 vs 12.3±3.6,P＜0.05;5.2±1.1vs 8.7±1.6 P＜0.01;5.0±2.5vs7.4±3.2 P＜0.05).在治疗开始后24h及48h的腹水淀粉酶比较(1360±320 u vs1763±425 u P＜0.01;853±128 u vs 1260±357 u P＜0.01)及腹痛缓解时间上(10.5±3.6h vs 25.5±4.9h P＜0.01),治疗组亦显著低于对照组.不仅如此,在治疗后的两周Balthazar CT分级评分有显著差异(2.0±1.5 vs 3.5±1.2 P＜0.01).观察组死亡率33.3%,对照组死亡率50%.结论:CVVH或HVHF联合IPD对SAP及其导致的全身全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)乃至多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)有确切的治疗作用,能缓解临床症状,改善预后.     

艾滋病痴呆综合征的MRI表现

目的 分析艾滋病痴呆综合征(ADC)的MRI特点,提高对本病的认识.方法 回顾性分析35例ADC患者的临床及MRI资料. 结果 35例ADC患者中有31例脑组织总量减少,皮层及基底神经节弥漫性萎缩,脑沟增宽,脑室扩大;25例侧脑室周围白质信号异常;3例呈单纯脑萎缩.结论 ADC具有特征性的MRI表现,大部分患者出现脑萎缩征象,脑沟增宽,脑室扩大;侧脑室周围白质及半卵圆中心信号异常.结合临床病史,MRI检查对本病的早期诊断有重要意义.     

Rasmussen脑炎的MRI诊断

目的 总结Rasmussen脑炎的MRI特点,提高对本病影像表现的认识.方法 回顾性分析10例Rasmussen脑炎患者的MR图像,男7例、女3例,平均年龄(11±4)岁.常规行横断面、矢状面及垂直于海马长轴的斜冠状面扫描,获得T1WI、T2WI及液体衰减反转恢复(FLAIR)序列图像.评估Rasmussen脑炎患者术前MR检查中脑萎缩和信号情况,以及上述改变在随访时MR的表现.结果 Rasmussen脑炎的影像特点为:(1)脑萎缩性改变:患侧侧脑室体部扩大(8/10),颞角扩大(9/10),外侧裂增宽(9/10),局部脑沟增宽和脑回变小(7/10),尾状核和壳核萎缩(6/10).病变晚期皮层萎缩多为半球性或累及2个以上脑叶.(2)信号改变:皮层或皮层下长T2信号(9/10),多累及2个以上脑叶.(3)病变进展性:8例接受随访MR的患者均可见病变侧半球的萎缩性改变加重,范围加大,由局部向半球性发展;皮层信号改变较大.结论 Rasmussen脑炎好发于儿童,表现为一侧大脑半球进展性萎缩改变,脑室扩大,外侧裂和脑沟增宽,脑回变小,伴有相应部位的皮层萎缩和皮层T2高信号,深部灰质核团也可受累.     

MRI及DTI直方图分析对皮质下血管性认知功能障碍的评价作用

目的:利用常规MRI和扩散张量成像(DTI)直方图分析,明确血管性认知损害(VCI)患者的脑部病变严重程度评分、DTI直方图指标与简易智能量表(MMSE)间的关系.方法:对19例VCI患者、24例中风后无认知功能障碍患者(Stroke 组)行常规MRI和DTI检查,各组之间性别、年龄和受教育程度相匹配.计算T2WI可见病变体积、脑白质内高信号病灶的评分(General WMH评分),而全脑各向异性分数(FA)和平均扩散率(MD)图像分析.结果:VCI患者的FA和ADC直方图与Stroke 组不同,VCI患者平均全脑平均FA值降低,FA峰高增高.VCI组平均General WMH 评分、平均FA值、FA峰高和FA峰位置与MMSE评分相关.结论:VCI患者皮质下白质病变的严重程度与认知功能损害程度有关,全脑DTI 直方图分析较常规MRI具有更好的客观性和可重复性,某些指标可用于评价疾病的严重程度.     

基于18F-FDG PET显像建立帕金森病脑代谢网络模式

目的 在PD患者中建立疾病相关脑代谢网络模式(PDRP),为PD早期诊断和鉴别诊断奠定基础.方法 对32例不同严重程度的PD患者和32名年龄、性别匹配的健康对照者分别行静息状态下18F-FDG PET脑显像,将2组的PET图像进行主成分分析(PCA)以获得PDRP.观察PDRP表达值与疾病严重程度[PD综合评分量表(UPDRS)运动功能评分和Hoehn&Yahr评分]之间的相关性.统计学比较采用两样本t检验和Pearson相关分析.结果 PDRP的特征表现为脑内壳核、苍白球、丘脑、脑桥、小脑和初级运动皮质的葡萄糖代谢增高,而运动前区和后顶叶的代谢相对减低.PD组的PDRP表达值明显高于对照组(1.605±0.655与0.000±0.523；t=10.829,P＜0.001),且与UPDRS运动功能评分呈明显正相关(r=0.760,P＜0.001).PDRP表达值与Hoehn&Yahr评分之间亦存在明显正相关(r=0.736,P＜0.001).结论 基于18F-FDG PET显像得到的PDRP可以有效区分PD患者和健康对照者,并反映病情的严重程度.     

血浆N-末端脑钠肽前体水平与急性冠状动脉综合征严重程度的关系

目的 探讨血浆N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平与急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)及冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系.方法 对150例胸痛患者行选择性冠状动脉造影,其中ACS 78例(ACS组),稳定性心绞痛(SA)33例(SA组),冠状动脉造影正常39例(正常对照组).采用Gensini积分法评价冠状动脉病变的严重程度,同时测定患者血浆NT-proBNP水平和左室射血分数(LVEF),分析血浆NT-proBNP水平与冠心病临床严重程度及冠状动脉造影Gensini积分之间的关系.结果 ACS组患者血浆NT-proBNP水平明显高于SA组和正常对照组(P＜0.05).ACS组患者血浆NT-proBNP水平与冠状动脉造影Gensini积分呈正相关(r＝0.853 4,＝0.000 1),与LVEF呈负相关(r=0.550 0,＝0.000 1).结论 血浆NT-proBNP水平可反映ACS患者冠状动脉病变的严重程度.     

腹膜透析患者心脏瓣膜钙化的临床研究

 目的 探讨持续性非卧床腹膜透析(Continuous ambulapory peritoneal dialysis,CAPD)患者心脏瓣膜钙化的危险因素,降低CAPD患者心血管疾病发生率.方法 将54例CAPD患者根据透析时间长短及心脏瓣膜钙化程度分组,观察心脏瓣膜钙化与血钙、血磷、白蛋白等各生化指标的关系.结果 腹膜透析患者中存在不同程度心脏瓣膜钙化,随着透析时间的延长,瓣膜钙化率增加(P＜0.01);钙化组血磷、钙磷乘积、甲状旁腺激素较无钙化组显著增高,而白蛋白较无钙化组显著降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 腹膜透析患者心脏瓣膜钙化程度与营养状态及透析时间密切相关,患者高磷血症及钙磷乘积升高是心脏瓣膜钙化的重要危险因素.     

早期帕金森病患者脑白质损害的扩散张量成像研究

目的:采用基于纤维束示踪的空间统计方法分析(TBSS)早期帕金森病患者扩散张量成像(DTI)数据,研究早期帕金森病患者脑白质结构损害情况及与运动症状的相关性.方法:18例早期帕金森病(PD)患者(Hoehn-Yahr 1～2级)及22例健康志愿者(对照组)行DTI扫描,采用TBSS技术对两组受试者的DTI数据进行分析,比较两组受试者脑白质纤维的部分各向异性(FA)值的差异,及其与帕金森病评估量表(UPDRS-Ⅲ)评分的相关性,测量并比较先发病侧与对侧大脑白质的FA值.结果:全脑分析显示:与正常对照组相比,PD组双侧额顶部、放射冠、胼胝体和扣带回的脑白质FA值明显减低(P＜0.05),且其范围均与UPDRS-Ⅲ评分呈负相关(r=-0.479～-0.736,P＜0.05);早期PD患者先发病侧大脑与对侧大脑比较,后放射冠、顶叶及颞叶的脑白质FA值的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:早期PD患者即可见脑白质纤维结构的改变,大脑白质损害程度与PD患者运动症状有密切联系,PD患者脑白质损害的部位可能存在一定的顺序.     

吸烟对脑梗死患者尿液中8-异前列腺素F2α含量的影响

目的 探讨吸烟对脑梗死患者尿液中8-异前列腺素F2α(8-iso-PGF2α)含量的影响.方法 选取急性脑梗死患者28例,其中14例(有吸烟史)作为吸烟组,另外14例(无吸烟史)作为对照组,两组的年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖、病灶部位及脑梗死程度无显著性差异.用酶联免疫分析法测定所有受试者尿液中8-iso-PGF2α的浓度及空腹静脉血中低密度脂蛋白(LDL) 总胆固醇、LDL三酰甘油、LDL游离胆固醇水平.结果 吸烟组脑梗死患者尿液中8-iso-PGF2α的浓度明显高于对照组(75.79±10.76 vs 67.36±9.18ng/mmol creatinine, P＜0.05).静脉血中LDL总胆固醇、LDL三酰甘油、LDL游离胆固醇在吸烟组与对照组间无显著性差异(分别为5.12±0.61 vs 4.73±0.62mmol/L,0.89±0.07 vs 0.85±0.04mmol/L,1.71±0.43 vs 1.74±0.91mmol/L, P＞0.05).结论 吸烟可以使脑梗死患者尿液中8-iso-PGF2α浓度增高, 增加患者体内的氧化压力.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.