李军教授从痰瘀论治脑病验案三则

痰浊与瘀血皆为气血津液代谢异常而致 ,在生理上津血同源 ,在病理上痰瘀交结 ,变化多端。痰瘀为脑病的基础病机 ,在其治疗中应重视从痰瘀论治。     

痰瘀同治论

痰瘀同治是基于久病多瘀、痼疾多痰、痰瘀同病的临床认识提出的治疗原则。在慢性病、老年病、疑难病中,属于痰瘀同病者比重较大,因此,痰瘀同治原则愈来愈受到临床重视,促使对其进行深入的研究。痰由津液凝聚,瘀为血行不畅或离经之血内停,二者分别为津液和血的病理性...     

从虚、痰、瘀、毒浅析帕金森病病机

基于古今文献,探讨虚、痰、瘀、毒在帕金森病发病及病机演变中的作用."虚"是帕金林病发病的内在基础,"痰"与"瘀"是其发病的主要病理因素,"毒"是决定其转归的重要因素.四者病机联系包括痰瘀互结、互生;痰瘀致毒,毒致痰瘀;因虚致痰、致瘀;邪气久居,正气愈虚;邪凑虚处.     

慢性肾脏疾病中的痰瘀同病同治浅析

"痰"乃因津液停滞不行所致,其可分为有形之痰和无形之痰;痰来自于津,瘀本源于血,生理上津血同源,病理上则可见因痰致瘀、因瘀致痰、痰瘀同病.慢性肾脏疾病虽多以虚证为主,但常虚中夹实,其中不乏痰瘀致病者.     

浅论痰瘀同源

中医传统理论认为 ,痰和瘀是两种不同物质和致病因素。痰是人体津液不化而形成的病理产物。一般以稠者为痰 ,稀者为饮。瘀是人体血运不畅或离经之血着而不去的病理表现。本文以津、血同源理论为指导 ,根据阴精、阳气的病理变化 ,津熬成痰 ,血滞为瘀的特点 ,提出痰瘀同源的论点 ,并以痰瘀同病、同治的角度加以论述。1　痰瘀同源概论痰瘀同源首先应从津血同源论起。《章太炎医论》中说 :“萦绕于人之一身 ,使营养不匮者 ,血与津液而之……人所自有者 ,唯血与津液也。”血与津液的产生 ,皆赖于脾的吸收、运化和输布 ,同属于阴精。《内经》所谓…     

从中医气血津液论述自噬治疗恶性肿瘤的理论依据

简版：自噬作为细胞存活的机制,在肿瘤的发生发展及治疗上发挥着双重作用。肿瘤的发生是气血津液失调的结果,自噬的功能与中医气血津液密切相关。笔者通过从气、血、津液三方面辨析自噬治疗恶性肿瘤的病机特征,提出从气虚、气滞、瘀 血、痰瘀毒结等论治,从而为自噬治疗肿瘤提供中医理论依据。     

试论唐荣川《血证论》痰瘀相关思想

通过咳嗽、出血、脓3类病症探讨唐荣川《血证论》中所阐述的痰瘀相关理论及临床应用,唐氏认为痰是津液失常的结果,瘀为"离经之血",换言之,水病为痰,血病致瘀;阴、气、水和阳、血、火之间存在相互转化、相互制约的属性且横向联系,这是痰瘀相关的根本原因;在生理活动进行过程中脏腑结构和功能的相关性也是痰瘀相关的依据;临床可遵循痰瘀...     

冠心病心绞痛痰瘀阻络证病机研究

冠心痛、心绞痛属中医学胸痹、心痛范畴,痰瘀阻络是本病的重要证型之一,研究其病机对准确辨证、指导临床具有重要的意义.传统医学认为,心调节津液代谢,痰浊的产生与心密切相关,痰瘀互结是胸痹的致病原因和病理产物.现代医学认为,脂质代谢、血液流变学和糖代谢障碍均与痰浊产生密切相关.     

散结法在临床上的应用

散结法在临床上的应用祁爱菊北京石景山区八角医院散结法应首先认清气血痰结的辨证关系，气行脉外属表，血行脉中属里。气病及血，使血行不利必瘀，血病及气，气行不畅必阻，瘀为血滞而成，痰为津液所化，津液同源，故津血为病，则有痰瘀并结情况。《景岳全书》云：“块乃...     

基于“肺阳虚-痰瘀互结”探索儿童哮喘的发病机制

中医理论认为儿童哮喘以痰瘀为夙根,与肺脾肾三脏不足密切相关。而痰瘀为有形阴邪,必因阳不化气、水停血滞而成,认为儿童哮喘应有脏腑阳气虚损的病理基础;加之小儿属"稚阴稚阳"之体,处于以阳气为主导的生长发育阶段,易受外邪、饮食因素影响,造成阳气亏耗;或因先天禀赋不足,生而阳气本虚。肺是哮喘的直接核心病位,阳气虚者在于肺也,认为肺阳虚是儿童哮喘发病的基本病机,也是痰瘀形成的重要原因。随着病程延长,病理产物逐渐产生、积聚,终致痰瘀胶结,形成"肺阳亏虚-气血津液失常-痰瘀伏肺"的动态病机演变过程,三者互为因果贯穿于儿童哮喘始终,是其反复发作、缠绵难愈的重要原因。     

Bacopaside III,bacopasaponin G,and bacopasides A,B, and C from Bacopa monniera

Two new saponins, 3-O-[6-O-sulfonyl-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-alpha-l-arabinopyranosyl pseudojujubogenin (1) and 3-O-[alpha-l-arabinofuranosyl-(1-->2)]-alpha-l-arabinopyranosyl jujubogenin (2), a new matsutaka alcohol derivative, (3R)-1-octan-3-yl-(6-O-sulfonyl)-beta-d-glucopyranoside (3), a new phenylethanoid glycoside, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyl alcohol (2-O-feruloyl)-beta-d-glucopyranoside (4), and a new glycoside, phenylethyl alcohol [5-O-p-hydroxybenzoyl-beta-d-apiofuranosyl-(1-->2)]-beta-d-glucopyranoside (5), were isolated from Bacopa monniera. Their structures were established by NMR, MS, and chemical methods.     

脉·经脉·经络——细筋·系·神经

经络学说起源于对“脉”的解剖生理学认识，以脉行的路径为经脉，以脉行的分支横出的径路为络脉，从而渐形成了经脉和络脉的概念。对经络学说提出挑战的是来自西方医学的传入，即人们在认识神经学说的结构与功能这后，来阐释经络沟通人体体表与体表上、下之间，体表与内脏内，外之间特异联络，调控和反应功能，在明末传入的西方解剖生理学，或是在晚清西方医学科学的东传过程中，与经络功能相关的中医词汇如“细筋”“系”等曾作为“nerve”的汉泽名词，从而在中西医汇能的初创阶段，奠定了经络与神经功能活动相关的文字转换基础。     

医生·护士·疾病·美学

医生、护士与患者及家属是因为疾病而产生特定意义的群体,诊疗技术的进步以及利益的驱使,影响到了医患间的关系.进入21世纪,叙事医学的引入与推广在重塑医学人文精神方面起到重要作用.医乃仁术,仁爱精神为医学人文重要内涵,通过叙事医学的学习将落实仁德和合的理念.临床的护理工作体现仁德仁心,强调恻隐之心、感同身受,既具有科学性又...     

Excoecarins D, E, and K, from excoecaria agallocha

Three novel diterpenoids, excoecarins D, E, and K (1-3), were isolated from Excoecaria agallocha. The structures of 1-3 were established as 3alpha,18-dihydroxy-3beta,20-epoxybeyer-15-ene, (15R, 16S)-ent-15,16-epoxybeyeran-3-one, and ent-3beta-hydroxykaur-16-en-2-one, respectively, on the basis of extensive NMR experiments and, in the case of 1, by X-ray analysis.     

Sesterterpenoids, terretonins A-D, and an alkaloid, asterrelenin, from Aspergillus terreus

Four new sesterterpenoids, terretonins A-D (1-4), and a new alkaloid, asterrelenin (5), together with five known compounds, were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of a solid-state fermented culture of Aspergillus terreus. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. The structures of 1, 2, and 5 were confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis.     

Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of eleutherans A, B, C, D, E, F, and G: glycans of Eleutherococcus senticosus roots

Intraperitoneal injection of an aqueous extract of the crude drug "shigoka" (Siberian ginseng), Eleutherococcus senticosus roots, remarkably diminished plasma-sugar level in mice. Fractionation of the extract by monitoring the activity yielded seven glycans, eleutherans A, B, C, D, E, F, and G, which exerted marked hypoglycemic effects in normal and alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice.     

Leuconoxine, kopsinitarine, kopsijasmine, and kopsinone derivatives from Kopsia

Four new indole alkaloids were obtained from two Kopsia species, 6-oxoleuconoxine (1) from the leaf extract of K. griffithii and kopsinitarine E (2), kopsijasminine (3), and kopsonoline (4) from the stem-bark extract of K. teoi. The structures of these alkaloids were determined using NMR and MS analysis. Kopsijasminine (3) showed moderate activity in reversing multidrug resistance in vincristine-resistant KB cells.     

Anthecotulide: purification, analytical data, absence from chamomile preparations, stability and reactivity, and anti-infective testing

The sesquiterpene lactone anthecotulide (1) was extracted from Anthemis cotula in 0.7% w/w yield. A pure standard was prepared by preparative TLC and used for quantitative determination of 1 with a TLC scanner. The constitution of 1 was corroborated and the double-bond configuration determined. It was stable at room temparature in air and reacted very slowly with glutathione. It was not detectable in 34 chamomile (Matricaria recutita) preparations and did not show antibacterial activity against a range of clinically important strains at a concentration of <10 microg/mL.     

实验探讨生大黄、清半夏、常山的升降浮沉药性

目的:通过动物实验探讨生大黄、清半夏、常山的升降浮沉药性,为中药的升降沉浮药性研究提供新的思路和方法.方法:运用小鼠肠推进及肠容积实验比较生大黄、清半夏、常山水煎液对消化系统的影响;运用正常大鼠血压及血清NO含量实验和小鼠微循环实验比较其对血液循环系统的影响;运用小鼠睡眠时间和自主活动实验比较其对中枢神经的影响.从与气机运动相对应的关系讨论药物的升降浮沉.结果:生大黄能明显促进小鼠小肠的排空,对血液循环系统表现出促进作用;对中枢神经有一定的兴奋作用.清半夏对消化系统的影响不明显,对血液循环系统表现出促进作用;对中枢神经具有明显的抑制作用.常山对消化系统的活动有明显的抑制作用,对血液循环系统表现出促进作用,对中枢神经系统效果不明显.结论:综合三药对各个系统的影响,从与气机运动相对应的关系,常山表现出向上向外的趋势,为升浮药;生大黄、清半夏表现出向下向内的趋势,为沉降药.     

Phytochemistry, Metabolism, and Metabolomics of Ginseng

Ginseng, as a medicinal plant, has been used for thousands of years in China, Korea, and Japan, and the study on ginseng is a hotspot in the research field as evidenced by about 7000 scientific papers in PUBMED. In recent decades, many ginseng studies focused on the metabolism and metabolomics of ginseng or its active ingredients using modern bioanalytical technologies. To date, more than 200 ginsenosides and non-saponin constituents have been isolated and identified. In the past decades, rapid development of analytical technologies has facilitated the advancement of ginseng research in many ways. In this review, we focus on the advances of ginseng research in chemistry, pharmacology, and metabolomics. We also provide the comments on the significance as well as challenges of metabolomics-based ginseng studies.