社区老年男性寂寞感现状及其影响因素分析

目的 调查社区老年男性寂寞感现状并对其影响因素进行分析,为改善老年男性寂寞感,提高晚年生活质量提供依据.方法 选取唐山市10个社区卫生服务中心辖区居民中年龄≥75岁的老年男性,使用加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校孤独量表(UCLA)测评老年男性寂寞感现状,通过x2检验和多因素logistic回归分析进行老年男性寂寞感的影响因素...     

承德市养老院老年人群孤独感、人际信任现状调查及预测受骗可能性的价值研究

目的 探究承德市养老院老年人群孤独感、人际信任现状及预测受骗可能性的价值。方法 选取承德市养老院老年人218例,分别采用加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校（UCLA）孤独感量表和人际信任量表（ITS）评估承德市养老院老年人群孤独感、人际信任现状。结果 本组218例养老院老年人的UCLA孤独感量表评分为（51.26±7.35）分,ITS评分为（92.83±10.34）分;多因素分析显示养老院老年人ITS评分与年龄、文化水平、户籍地、亲属探望频率、性格特征、月收入、因病长期用药、UCLA孤独感量表评分显著相关（OR=3.291、0.450、4.295、0.538、3.770、0.510、5.086、4.490,P＜0.05）;未发生受骗者的UCLA孤独感量表评分、ITS评分均低于发生受骗者（t=4.742、3.092,P＜0.05）;UCLA孤独感量表评分、ITS评分联合预测养老院老年人群受骗的AUC（0.855）大于二者单一预测（0.728、0.765）,联合预测的最佳敏感度、特异度分别为81.27%、74.36%。结论 承德市养老院老年人群存在明显孤独感,人际信任程度较高,明确其孤独感、人际信任情况有助于预测受骗风险。     

Life satisfaction in a sample of empty-nest elderly: a survey in the rural area of a mountainous county in China

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the life satisfaction and its predictors between the empty-nest and not-empty-nest elderly. METHODS: A semi-structured questionnaire including socio-demographic characteristics, physical health, and the Life Satisfaction Index (LSI), UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LS), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was administered to 275 empty-nest and 315 not-empty-nest rural elderly in a Chinese county. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the predictors of LSI score. RESULTS: The empty-nest elderly had lower life satisfaction, lower income, poorer relationships with children, less social support, higher prevalence of chronic diseases, and more feelings of depression and loneliness compared to the not-empty-nest elderly. "Empty-nest status" was negatively related with life satisfaction. Depression was the strongest predictor of life satisfaction in both groups. The second strongest predictor was loneliness among the empty-nest group, while it was chronic diseases among the not-empty-nest group. Marital status and income were correlated with life satisfaction only among the empty-nest elderly. CONCLUSIONS: The empty-nest elderly were likely to have mental health problems and to feel unsatisfied with their life. These findings also emphasize the importance of mental health as the determinant of life satisfaction among the empty-nest elderly.     

留守老年人孤独状况及影响因素分析

目的 了解留守老年人孤独现状及影响因素。方法 采用整群抽样法在安徽省全椒县抽取一个街道和一个行政村实足年龄60岁～留守老年人412人。采用自编调查问卷进行入户调查。结果 留守老年人孤独评分平均为(42.84±8.76)分;单因素分析留守老年人孤独感与睡眠状况、家庭功能、社会支持、自评健康等呈相关关系。多元逐步回归分析结果表明,主观支持、起居困难程度、家庭功能、睡眠情况等变量对孤独感呈显著性相关(P<0.05)。结论 心理社会因素和生理状况影响留守老年人的孤独感。     

城市老年人孤独的相关因素与对策

目的　探讨城市老年人群孤独相关因素与对策。方法　采用分层随机抽样方法 ,对合肥市 6 33名6 0岁以上离退休老年人的孤独及相关因素进行横断面研究 ,使用UCLA孤独评定量表、健康相关生活质量量表和社会人口特征调查问卷进行调查。结果　孤独评分平均为 37.85 (SD =9.99) ,女性、高年龄组、文化程度低、独居、单身或丧偶、家庭经济收入低、家庭功能和社会支持不好的老年人 ,孤独评分较高。结论　家庭功能和社会支持是老年人孤独的重要因素。提出应采取针对家庭功能和社会支持多项干预策略和综合措施 ,以减轻城市老年人的孤独 ,提高老年人的生活质量。     

老年人孤独及其相关因素研究

目的　了解合肥市离退休老年人群孤独现状 ,探讨孤独的相关因素。方法　采用分层随机抽样方法 ,对合肥市 63 3名 60岁以上离退休老年人的孤独及相关因素进行横断面研究。使用UCLA孤独评定量表、健康相关生活质量量表和社会人口特征调查问卷进行询问调查。结果　孤独评分平均为 3 7 85 (SD =9 99) ,女性、高年龄组、文化程度低、独居、单身或丧偶、家庭经济收入低、家庭功能和社会支持不好的老年人 ,孤独评分较高。逐步回归分析结果表明 ,家庭功能、社会支持、支持利用度等变量对预测孤独有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ,其中家庭功能的作用最强。结论　家庭功能和社会支持是影响老年人孤独的重要因素。针对家庭功能和社会支持而采取人群干预策略和措施是减轻孤独、提高老年人生活质量的一个重要途径     

Loneliness as a mediator in the relationship between social engagement and depressive symptoms: Age differences among community‐dwelling Korean adults

The purpose of this study was to examine whether loneliness mediates the relationship between social engagement and depressive symptoms and to determine how age moderates the mediation effect. Data for this study came from the survey with community‐dwelling adults aged 18 and older in South Korea, from March to April 2017. The total of 1,017 respondents were drawn from three age groups (18–44, 45–64, or 65 and older). The mediating effect of loneliness was tested between each of three social engagement‐related variables (family network, friend network, and perceived community support) and depressive symptoms. The results showed age differences in mediation: the effect was most pronounced in the relationship of family network with loneliness for the older group, whereas the size of friend network significantly predicted loneliness for younger adults. Both younger and older groups felt less lonely when they had a higher level of perceived community support; the middle age group remained uninfluenced by the mediation effects. Our findings confirm that loneliness is one of the mechanisms by which social engagement exerts its effect on depressive symptoms. As the Korean society embraces its growing proportions of older adults, the results of the study provide implications for adaptive strategies for changing social engagement need and mental health associated with ageing.     

The relationship of loneliness, social isolation, and physical health to dietary adequacy of independently living elderly

This study evaluated the dietary adequacy of elderly individuals to determine whether factors such as loneliness, social isolation, or physical health were related to nutrient intake. The participants (n = 61) were independently living individuals aged 60 to 94 years recruited through senior citizen centers, residential housing areas, and social agencies in Rutherford County, Tennessee. Three-day food records were used to collect dietary data, and nutrient intakes were compared with the 1989 Recommended Dietary Allowances. Three-day social contact diaries were used to measure frequency of interaction with others. The Physical Health Questionnaire was used to evaluate subjectively the number and severity of disease states, and the loneliness index was computed using the revised UCLA Loneliness Scale. Energy and calcium were most likely to be underconsumed, and poor physical health was related to decreased intakes of vitamin A and ascorbic acid. Loneliness was related to dietary inadequacies. We recommend emphasis on education and services to provide home-delivered meals and groceries as well as affordable convenience foods of high nutrient density to enable older individuals to achieve adequate nutrient intake while maintaining an independent life-style.     

上海市某养老院老年人生活质量的影响因素分析

目的了解上海市某养老院老年人的生活质量及其影响因素,为行业管理部门制定养老服务的相关政策提供依据。方法2011年12月应用简明健康状况调查表（SF-36）、社会支持评定量表、老年抑郁量表（GDS）和孤独量表（UCLA—LS）对养老院内160名老年人进行调查,分析影响养老院老年人生活质量的因素以及生活质量与社会支持、抑郁、孤独的相关性。结果总调查人数160名,占该养老院老人总数的76．2％,年龄分布范围为60—98岁,平均年龄（82．0±8．8）岁。逐步多元线性回归分析显示,养老院老人生活质量中与生理功能明显相关的影响因素有3个,分别是有无子女、参加体育活动频率、自我健康状况评价;与生理职能、社会功能、活力及情感职能明显相关的影响因素有3个,分别是有年龄、参加体育活动频率、自我健康状况评价;与躯体疼痛明显相关的影响因素有2个,分别是性别、自我健康状况评价;与总体健康明显相关的影响因素有4个,分别是年龄、参加体育活动频率、慢性病数目、自我健康状况评价;与精神健康明显相关的影响因素有4个,分别是年龄、居住状况、参加体育活动频率、自我健康状况评价。Spearman秩相关分析显示,养老院老人客观支持与生活质量量表中情感职能、精神健康呈正相关,其主观支持、对社会支持利用度、社会支持总分与生活质量量表各维度均呈正相关;养老院老人其抑郁分值、孤独分值与生活质量量表各维度均呈负相关。结论影响养老院内老年人生活质量的因素众多,社会及家庭应予以关注。     

孤独感对老年人睡眠质量的影响:一个有调节的中介模型

目的 探讨孤独感、反刍思维、知觉压力与老年人睡眠质量之间的关系及内在作用机制。方法 采用孤独感量表、反刍思维量表、知觉压力量表及阿斯森失眠量表对60岁及以上1957名老年人进行问卷调查。结果 （1）孤独感(r=0.248,P＜0.01)、反刍思维(r=0.377,P＜0.01)、知觉压力(r=0.324,P＜0.01)与睡眠得分均呈正相关;（2）反刍思维在老年人孤独感和睡眠得分间起着部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的比例为58%;（3）知觉压力能够调节中介效应的前半段路径(β=0.011,P＜0.01)及后半段路径(β=0.005,P＜0.01)。结论 孤独感可以通过反刍思维的中介作用影响老年人的睡眠质量,知觉压力调节孤独感对反刍思维的关系,反刍思维对睡眠质量的关系,有调节的中介模型成立。     

Older people living alone in Shanghai: A questionnaire survey of their life experience

Globally the number of older people living alone is increasing. Little is known about the life experience of older people living alone in Mainland China. This study aimed to explore older people's experience regarding different components of their lives. A cross‐sectional survey of 387 older people aged 60 years and above and living alone in two communities in Shanghai was conducted from April to July 2015. A structured questionnaire including 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale, Activity of Daily Living Scale, UCLA Loneliness Scale version 3, Social Support Rate Scale and Older People's Quality of Life Questionnaire was used to assess the health status, loneliness, social support, quality of life and demographic information. A total of 15.7% of the participants rated their health as poor with 56.8% reporting chronic diseases and 26.9% reporting being depressed. A total of 71.1% of the participants reported a high level of functional ability. However, 54.3% and 21.7% of the participants reported a moderately and moderately high level of loneliness respectively. The median of SSRS was 30 and the mean of Older People's Quality of Life Questionnaire was 120.2, indicating a lower level of social support and quality of life. There were statistically significant differences in health, loneliness, social support and quality of life across the participants with different characteristics. Interventions to improve the health status, reduce loneliness, increase social support and maintain or improve quality of life of older people living alone in Shanghai could be developed and implemented. Potential interventions include providing frequent home care services, early detection of depression, encouraging more contacts from children and other family members, and providing support from other sources.     

问题与对策: 关注计划生育30年后的失独家庭

  目的  了解陕西省宝鸡市失独者心理健康与社会支持、孤独感和应对方式的关系,为失独者开展心理健康教育提供参考。  方法  于2016年8月采用分层整群随机抽样方法对宝鸡市主城区249名年龄 > 49岁的失独者进行问卷调查。  结果  失独者心理状况评定量表均分（24.37 ± 9.92）分;心理状况评定量表3级为50人,占20.1 %,4级为77人,占30.9 %,患心理疾患危险性较高的3级和4级失独者占总数的51.0 %;社会支持与心理健康得分存在高度负相关（r = – 0.304,P < 0.01）,孤独感和心理健康得分存在高度正相关（r = 0.525,P < 0.01）;逐步线性回归分析显示,孤独感和积极应对对心理健康水平有影响作用。  结论  社会支持有助于提高失独者心理健康水平;通过孤独感可以预测失独者心理健康水平;孤独感在失独者的心理健康水平、社会支持、孤独感和积极应对之间起中介作用。     

安徽省某农村地区3～6年级小学生孤独感及其影响因素

目的了解安徽省农村地区小学生孤独感状况并分析其影响因素。方法整群选取安徽省无为县某地区两所农村小学，共882名3～6年级小学生（男472名，女410名），采用儿童孤独量表和自编调查表进行问卷调查。结果在被调查的3～6年级小学生中，小学生孤独感的总发生率为17．1％。男女发生率分别为15．7％，18．8％。随着年级的增长，发生率呈下降趋势。单因素分析显示有统计学意义的变量包括年龄、年级、成绩、学习困难、父亲文化程度、老师教育方式、母亲教育方式、是否喜欢母亲、父母关系、其他家人教育方式、父亲教育方式。多元logistic回归分析表明影响孤独感的影响因素有性别、年级、健康状况、学习困难、父亲教育方式、年龄分级、是否喜欢母亲。结论农村地区小学生中存在一定程度的孤独感，社会、学校和家长应加强对小学生正确教育和引导。     

Mobile-phone e-mail use, social networks, and loneliness among Japanese high school students

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to assess the loneliness of Japanese high school students who own and use a mobile phone, to clarify the relationships between students' loneliness and their social network and frequency of use of e-mail feature, and to demonstrate relationships with a student's social network and recognition of the benefits and drawbacks of mobile phone use. METHOD: The participants were 227 students from two classes in each grade of a high school in the Kanto region of Japan. Participants answered a questionnaire covering the UCLA Loneliness Scale as well as questions pertaining to the circumstances of use of their mobile phones, their social networks (e.g., number of friends), and their perceptions of the benefits and drawbacks of mobile phone use. The questionnaires of students owning a mobile phone were analyzed. Total scores for the UCLA Loneliness Scale were calculated, and factor analysis was performed for the benefits and drawbacks. RESULT: A total of 220 questionnaires were returned, for which 94.1 percent of respondents owned a mobile phone. The percentages of male and female respondents were 58% and 42%. Chronbach's alpha for the UCLA Loneliness Scale (total score) was 0.87, a result similar to previous studies with high school and university students. Factor analysis revealed five factors associated with the benefits and drawbacks of mobile phone use. Multiple-regression analysis showed that 42.9% of the variance in "frequency of e-mail use" was explained by grade level, frequency of mobile phone use, and two of the five factors from the benefits and drawbacks ("difficulty of communication," and "possible sleep loss due to nighttime e-mailing"). Stepwise multiple-regression analysis revealed that 24.4% of the variance in UCLA Loneliness Score was explained by gender, the frequency of e-mail use, the number of friends and the presence/absence of a girlfriend or boyfriend. CONCLUSION: Presence of an active social network and frequent e-mailing by mobile phone reduced students' loneliness. The frequency depended on their recognition of the benefits and drawbacks of mobile phone use and by the frequency of mobile phone use. This study established that students appreciate the usefulness of their mobile phone as an immediate communication tool, and are aware of its limitations. Although they experience frustration and lack of sleep (because of nighttime use), students use mobile phones to deepen their friendships.     

儿童期亲子分离对大学生孤独抑郁和适应的影响

探讨亲子分离经历对大学生成年后孤独、抑郁和适应的影响,为改善成年后大学生心理健康状况提供参考.方法 采用孤独感量表(UCLA)、流调用抑郁自评量表(CES-D)和中国大学生适应量表(CCSAS),对整群抽取的江西省2所高校1 218名大学生进行问卷调查.结果 有亲子分离经历大学生孤独感因子得分(44.97±7.59)高于无经历组(43.70±7.75)(t=2.88,P<0.01),抑郁因子得分(22.97±13.21)与无经历组(22.86±13.61)差异无统计学意义;在适应各个因子上,仅人际关系适应维度得分(34.16±5.73)低于无经历组(34.91±5.46)(t=-2.35,P<0.05),其他维度得分与无经历组差异均无统计学意义.结论 儿童期亲子分离经历会影响个体成年后的孤独和人际关系适应状况.     

某军校男大学生心理健康状况及相关因素分析

目的了解军校大学生的心理健康状况及其相关因素,为军校大学生的心理健康教育提供科学依据。方法分层整群抽取某军校998名大学生,采用自测健康评定量表(SRHMS)、UCLA孤独量表、Beck抑郁问卷(BDI)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)进行心理健康状况调查。结果该军校大学生中存在抑郁情绪的占71.9%,存在焦虑情绪的占65.8%;各年级在自测健康、孤独、抑郁和焦虑方面得分的差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);存在抑郁和焦虑情绪的学生,其自测健康状况显著低于无抑郁和无焦虑情绪的学生(P<0.01)。多元线性回归分析表明,孤独与出生地、社会支持、社会资源和社会接触以及健康总体自测等因素呈负相关(P<0.05),而与抑郁、焦虑和心理症状及负向情绪明显呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论军校大学生在适应军校环境的过程中容易产生一些心理问题。应加强军校大学生的心理健康教育,避免各种不良情绪的发生。     

Loneliness and social support of mothers of chronically ill children

To address the problem of loneliness and social support in mothers of chronically ill children, we interviewed 90 mothers, among them 33 whose children suffered from a chronic life-threatening disease and 57 whose children had a chronic illness. In addition, we conducted home interviews with a control group of 92 mothers of healthy children. In responding to questions on the revised UCLA Loneliness Scale and the Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire, the mothers of children with either chronic life-threatening or chronic illness revealed higher loneliness than the mothers of healthy children. Larger social networks and perceived greater support was reported by mothers whose children had a chronic life-threatening disease. In this group, no significant relationship was found between the variables of loneliness and social support; whereas, in the group with chronically ill children, and in the controls, a significant inverse relationship between the two variables was noted. Mothers of children with chronic life-threatening diseases may become subject to higher existential loneliness.     

彝汉族大学生自尊负性自动思维对孤独感的作用机制

目的 探讨彝族与汉族大学生自尊、负性自动思维对孤独感的作用机制,为大学生心理健康教育提供理论及实践参考.方法 采用自尊量表(SES)、自动思维问卷(ATQ)及UCLA孤独量表,对有目的随机抽取的云南省293名彝族大学生和269名汉族大学生进行测查.结果 彝族、汉族大学生自尊及负性自动思维与孤独感显著相关(P值均＜0.01),自尊与负性自动思维显著相关(P值均＜0.01).彝族、汉族大学生的负性自动思维对孤独感具有直接影响作用.彝族大学生的自尊对孤独感的直接效应不显著,通过负性自动思维间接影响孤独感;汉族大学生的自尊可直接对其孤独感产生影响,也可通过负性自动思维对其孤独感产生影响.结论 彝族大学生负性自动思维在自尊与孤独感之间起完全中介作用,汉族大学生负性自动思维在自尊与孤独感之间起部分中介作用.     

112例空巢老人的心理量表测评及其相关因素

目的拟对空巢老人的幸福度、抑郁感、孤独感状况进行调查,并分析其影响因素,为提高社区空巢老人晚年生活质量提供依据。方法对112例空巢老人采用纽芬兰大学幸福度量表/老年抑郁量表/UCLA孤独量表（MUNSH/GDS/UCLA）和空巢老人一般状况调查表进行测定,并进一步分析其影响因素。结果 112例空巢老人幸福度得分为（36.58±6.87）,抑郁得分为（11.00±2.89）,孤独得分为（30.58±7.29）。不同月均收入、文娱活动频率的GDS/UCLA/MUNSH得分差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。不同体育锻炼频率的UCLA得分差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论被调查的空巢老人的幸福度低、轻度抑郁、中度孤独的状态不容忽视,月均收入、文娱活动频率、体育锻炼频率是提高空巢老人晚年生活质量的重要因素。     

合肥市离退休老年人群生活质量的流行病学研究

目的：了解合肥市离退休老年人群生活质量现状及其影响因素。方法：采用分层随机抽样方法，对合肥市633名60岁以上离退休老年人的生活质量及相关因素进行横断面研究，使用标准化的生活质量相关量表和社会人口特征调查问卷进行询问调查。结果：有躯体残疾或患慢性疾病者占70．6％，生活活动功能完全正常者占71．9％，孤独评分平均得分37．85，生活满意度指数A平均得分10．08，社会支持平均得分33．95，家庭功能平均得分23．80，有74．7％的老人对目前自己的身体健康状况满意。多因素分析表明孤独、家庭功能、社会支持、慢性疾病、经济收入、膳食营养、睡眠、体育锻炼、职业和年龄等是生活满意度的主要影响因素。逐步回归分析显示，孤独、社会支持、睡眠与体育锻炼是预测生活满意度指数的前三位变量。结论：重视老年人心理卫生保健，积极发挥家庭、社会在提高老年人生活质量中的作用，是今后老年卫生保健、老年社会服务的方向。