脂肪抽吸联合乳晕切口腺体切除治疗青春期男性乳房肥大症

目的 探讨脂肪抽吸联合乳晕切口腺体切除治疗青春期男性乳房肥大症的临床疗效.方法 43例男性乳房肥大患者,年龄14～36岁,脂肪型15例,脂肪、腺体混合型28例.均先采用肿胀麻醉乳晕小切口脂肪抽吸术,吸除大部分脂肪后,延长切口至1.0～1 5 cm,切除乳晕下及乳晕周围乳核区乳腺组织,再次通过抽吸调整过渡区的平滑整齐,术后加压包扎,7d拆线.结果 术后无1例发生乳头乳晕坏死,切口瘢痕不明显.最长随访时间3年,乳房外形良好,未见复发.结论 脂肪抽吸联合乳晕切口腺体切除法治疗男性乳房肥大,具有操作简易、出血少、康复快、美学效果佳等优点,值得临床推广.     

直线LEJOUR法乳房缩小术的临床应用

目的:探讨直线法Lejour术式对于肥大下垂乳房形态矫正的临床效果。方法:采用Lejour法术前设计,剥离皮肤及乳腺组织,切除下方和两侧皮肤皮下和腺体组织,形成上方腺体真皮蒂营养乳头乳晕,悬吊缝合腺体基底于第2肋水平,塑形成半球形后无张力缝合。结果:本组14例均获得满意的术后乳房形态,未发生乳头乳晕坏死,其中1例术后出现单侧乳头感觉迟钝,6个月后恢复,1例术后3个月切口下端"猫耳朵"予以手术修复。结论:直线Lejour法乳房缩小术设计操作简单、瘢痕短小、并发症少、效果良好,值得临床推广。     

改良Lejour法乳房缩小术42例总结

目的:对乳房缩小术的传统Lejour法进行改良,并评价其临床效果。方法:2008年5月~2014年2月,笔者对来院的乳房肥大症患者采用Lejour法改良术式,在原设计基础上增加新乳晕周径,并减少直线切口的长度,切开后剥离乳腺组织,仅保留上部蒂营养乳头、乳晕,去除部分肥大下部及基底乳腺组织,将乳腺组织缝合悬吊于第2肋,重塑新乳房外观,下皱襞多余皮肤可适当辅助切口切除。结果:术后随访6~25个月,平均11.2个月,2例术后出现脂肪液化切口愈合延迟,均经换药,切口4周内完全愈合。术后乳房挺拔自然,切口瘢痕不明显,满意度高。结论:对传统Lejour法进行改良后手术乳房外观满意,乳晕及下极处瘢痕不明显,无下皱襞皮肤堆积,远期效果好,可作为乳房缩小术的可行术式之一。     

内上方蒂法与吸脂术在乳房缩小成形术中的联合应用

目的 探讨结合脂肪抽吸法的内上方真皮腺体蒂乳房缩小成形术对乳房肥大伴下垂进行修复的疗效.方法 对8例乳房肥大伴下垂的患者,行结合脂肪抽吸法的携带Würinger＇s乳房水平中隔内上方真皮腺体蒂乳房缩小成形术进行修复.结果 8例患者术后均未出现血肿及乳头乳晕复合体坏死等并发症.1例发生小段切口裂开.均获随访6～18个月,新乳头乳晕感觉良好,切口瘢痕不明显,新乳房外形满意.结论 联合应用脂肪抽吸法和内上方真皮腺体蒂术可使肥大伴下垂的乳房进一步得到良好的塑形,疗效满意.     

保留乳腺横膈内上蒂垂直切口瘢痕乳房缩小术

目的 探讨保留乳腺横膈内上蒂垂直切口瘢痕乳房缩小术的临床效果.方法 采用Lejour穹窿顶式手术设计,切除乳房下方多余的皮肤、腺体,将乳头和乳晕以内上方真皮、腺体组织蒂抬高到正常位置,术中保护乳腺中隔神经、血管蒂.采用不吸收缝线缝合乳房下极腺体,适度修薄乳房下部皮肤,以便于皮肤回缩,减轻瘢痕.结果 共行手术27例,53侧乳房,其中1例为单侧乳房缩小术,手术效果满意,乳房形态良好.术后6例8侧乳房切口部分裂开,均经换药后愈合,无1例发生乳头、乳晕坏死.结论 保留乳腺横膈的内上蒂垂直切口瘢痕巨乳缩小术效果良好,提高了乳头、乳晕移位的安全性.     

上方宽蒂垂直瘢痕乳房缩小术在重度乳房增生下垂中的应用

目的 探讨乳房上方宽蒂垂直瘢痕的重度乳房增生缩小术较传统的倒"T"形巨乳缩小术的优势.方法 采用Lejour"穹窿顶"式的手术设计,切除乳房下方的皮肤、腺体组织,将乳头、乳晕上方的真皮及腺体组织的宽蒂抬高至正常位置后进行乳房塑形.自2006年3月至2009年11月,对37例重度乳房增生患者行巨乳缩小术.结果 术后14例患者的14侧乳房切口部分裂开,其中3侧乳房经清创缝合后愈合,其余的乳房经换药后愈合;随访37例患者2周至26个月,未发生乳头、乳晕坏死,乳房形态良好,患者满意率较高.结论 乳房上方宽蒂垂直瘢痕的巨乳缩小术具有降低乳头、乳晕坏死的危险,切口瘢痕细小,重缩的乳房外形良好等优点,是一种治疗重度乳房增生的良好、有效的手术方法.     

吸脂法乳房皮下腺体全切术治疗男性乳腺发育症

目的：探讨吸脂法皮下腺体全切术治疗男性乳房发育症的临床价值及美容效果。方法2012年3月-2014年3月对13例男性乳房发育症行吸脂法皮下腺体全切术。在乳房肥大区域皮下脂肪层注射脂肪裂解液,乳晕旁取1．0 cm切口,采用负压吸脂,抽吸该区域内的脂肪组织,经小切口逐条切除增生肥大的乳腺组织,术毕生物胶粘合切口。结果单侧手术时间40-100 min,平均70 min;出血量20-50 ml,平均30 ml。2例皮下少量积液,其中1例局部血肿,经反复抽吸3 d后愈合。术后住院时间平均2．8 d（2-5 d）。切口隐匿,无明显瘢痕,一期愈合,无乳头、乳晕坏死,胸部曲线平坦、自然,无凹凸不平感。8例随访3个月,外形均比较满意,乳头形态正常,3例术后乳头乳晕麻木,3个月后感觉恢复正常。结论吸脂法皮下腺体全切术治疗男性乳房发育症,操作简单,安全,美容效果满意。     

环乳晕切口腺体瓣悬吊并沿等高线环缩缝合法乳房缩小成形术

目的 介绍经环乳晕切口采用乳腺瓣悬吊，并沿等高线呈梯级环缩缝合的乳房缩小成形术的方法和经验。方法 经乳晕周缘切口，在皮下脂肪组织和乳腺腺体之间广泛分离，形成“帐篷状”皮瓣和“圆椎形”乳腺腺体；在乳腺上部形成3cm宽纵向乳腺瓣，切除乳腺瓣内、外侧部分乳腺组织，将乳腺瓣上提折叠缝合固定(或切断后重叠缝合)以悬吊乳房；将“帐篷状”皮瓣和“圆椎形”乳腺腺体沿等高线环缩缝合，缝针交替穿经皮瓣和乳腺腺体，最后环乳晕间断缝合皮肤。结果采用此法矫治轻中度巨乳房、单纯乳房下垂共8例16侧，术后乳房外形美观，效果满意。结论本术式简便易行、瘢痕不明显，对轻中度巨乳及乳房下垂者可作为理想首选术式。     

乳房重度下垂的直线切口法乳房成形术

目的 介绍应用直线切口法乳房成形术(Lejour法)治疗重度乳房下垂方法及效果.方法 按Lejour法设计手术切口.该类患者新乳头位置较正常人群可适当下移1～2 cm,新乳房下皱襞上移5～10 cm,通过适当下移新乳头位置及上移新乳房下皱襞达到缩短垂直切口距离.剥离乳腺组织,将下垂乳腺组织从乳腺深层固定于胸大肌第2、3肋水平.皮肤无张力缝合.结果 36例中乳房肥大者30例、体积基本正常者6例,经术后3个月至2年随访,无明显并发症,新乳房外形挺拔自然,患者满意.结论 本术式简便易行,远期效果好,可作为重度乳房下垂的术式之一.     

乳晕内上方月牙形切口结合脂肪抽吸治疗中度男性乳房肥大症

目的:探讨通过乳晕内上方"月牙形"切口切除增生乳腺组织,并结合脂肪抽吸治疗中度男性乳房肥大症的手术方法和临床效果。方法:在乳晕内上方设计"月牙形"切口,结合负压脂肪抽吸,在去除增生乳腺组织和堆积脂肪的同时,纠正向外下方移位的乳头乳晕位置。结果:本组共12例,20侧,Si mon分级2b以上男性乳房肥大患者,经本方法治疗,手术效果确切,在去除增生乳腺及脂肪组织的同时,向外下方移位的乳头乳晕位置亦得以纠正,1例1侧术后出现血肿,经妥善处理后痊愈。结论:采取乳晕内上方"月牙形"切口结合脂肪抽吸的方法治疗男性乳房肥大,即可有效去除多余的腺体和脂肪组织,又可以纠正外下方移位的乳头乳晕位置,术后乳头乳晕血供良好,感觉正常,是安全有效的方法。     

应用皮肤皱缩缝合技术行垂直切口乳房缩小整形术

目的　减少乳房缩小整形术所导致的切口瘢痕。方法　在做乳房缩小整形术时 ,在乳房下皱襞处不做切口 ,仅保留乳晕周围和乳晕下垂直切口 ,对乳房进行悬吊和塑形 ,而对乳晕下多余的皮肤和较长的皮肤切口 ,应用皮肤皱缩缝合技术进行缝合 ,利用组织的弹性 ,使其在手术后自动逐渐展平。结果　共为 13例患者实施了垂直切口的乳房缩小整形术 ,术后切口皆一期愈合 ,无血肿、感染、皮肤或乳头坏死等并发症发生 ,除 3例巨乳合并乳房严重松垂者半年后需再次对下皱襞处多余皮肤进行小的修整外 ,其余患者术后乳房和垂直切口形态满意。结论　垂直切口乳房缩小整形术设计、操作简单 ,容易掌握 ,效果恒定 ,在保证乳房缩小整形良好的乳房形态的同时 ,避免了在乳房下皱襞处的切口 ,是一种较好的乳房缩小整形术式。     

Vertical scar reduction mammaplasty as a standard procedure – experiences in the introduction and validation of a modified reduction technique

Based on experiences with a modified vertical scar reduction mammaplasty technique over a 5-year-period, this article discusses the results obtained and complications encountered with this technique. From 1991 to 1995, 628 reduction procedures were performed using a single vertical scar technique in 228 patients. The percentage of procedures with the new technique increased from 17.4% in 1991 to 89% in 1995. There was an increase in the mean reduction weight from 528 to 1313 g (mean 1028 g, 260–3300 g). Sixty-eight percent of patients (n=154) underwent follow-up examinations at 3 and 12 months postoperatively. The complication rate including perioperative and post-discharge problems was 40.2%. Complications occurring as a result of the procedure included an excessively long vertical scar (13%), skin redundancy in the submammary fold (15%) and wound dehiscences (10%). Minor corrective surgery was carried out in 38 patients. The modified vertical scar reduction mammaplasty technique may be considered a safe standard procedure for almost all breast sizes. Received: 23 June 1997 / Accepted: 2 February 1998     

Reduction of mammaplasty scars: from a short inframammary scar to a vertical scar]

A better understanding of the vascular anatomy of the breast has drastically reduced the risk of postoperative necrosis in breast reduction. Scars however remain a major concern, and techniques to reduce these have often been considered to be less satisfactory in terms of the shape and stability of the result. Our experience with more than 1,000 breasts operated on between 1984 and 1989 with a short inframammary scar technique has proved the contrary. The next step was to eliminate the inframammary scar, as proposed by Lassus, and to leave just a periareolar scar and a lower vertical scar which does not cross the inframammary fold. One hundred and four breasts, in sixty four patients--17 to 60 years old--have been operated on according to this vertical technique between April and September 1989. Twenty seven cases of ptosis correction in seventeen patients, and seventy seven reductions in forty seven patients, with a median excision weight of 460g, have been performed. By means of an individualized preoperative drawing and several technical devices, the results have proved that vertical mammaplasty is an excellent technique particularly indicated for women with elastic skin and a firm gland. Recent experience with liposuction at the beginning of the operation, has given new possibilities for breast modelling. In fatty juvenile hypertrophies, liposuction alone may even be adequate to reduce the volume, retaining a satisfactory shape for the breast with minimal scarring.     

Short scar reduction mammaplasty in the bariatric patient

Reduction mammaplasty may be necessary even after massive weight loss. Patients typically present with unfavorable breast features such as significant loss of upper pole volume, inelastic skin, and severe ptosis. The most common approach in the United States has been the Wise-pattern inferior pedicle technique, emphasizing skin excision. This report presents the short scar vertical reduction mammaplasty approach for the bariatric patient population. It aims to demonstrate improved outcomes with less scar burden. The study included 15 women (n = 29 breast reductions) with mean age of 41.8 years. All the patients had undergone gastric bypass surgery, with mean weight loss of 109 pounds and mean body mass index of 33.3 kg/m(2). A modified superomedial pedicle vertical mammaplasty technique was used. New nipple position was placed lower than the inframammary fold in accordance with vertical lack of upper pole fullness. Suction-assisted lipectomy was used to contour the inferior pole of the breast before glandular resection. A full-thickness superomedial pedicle and median incision of the upper pole maximized pedicle safety. The mean breast resection was 605 g on the right side (range, 352-945) and 592 g on the left side (range, 360-908). Patient satisfaction was high, with pleasing and stable breast shape at long-term, and a mean patient-related aesthetic ranking of 4.3 of 5.0. No major complications were noted. It is shown that superomedial pedicle vertical reduction mammaplasty can be an alternative approach in bariatric patients, achieving long-term pleasing and stable results with significantly decreased scar burden.     

垂直切口乳房缩小术

目的　探讨应用垂直切口巨乳缩小术以减少术后瘢痕的方法与体会。方法　采用Lejour手术设计 ,切除乳房下方的皮肤、腺体 ,乳头乳晕以上方真皮腺体组织蒂转移提高到正常位置 ,进行乳房塑形 ,术后仅留有垂直瘢痕。结果　采用垂直切口巨乳缩小术治疗 2 4例 ,手术效果满意。 1例术后 6个月切口下端局部修整残留的“猫耳朵”。 1例单侧乳头乳晕完全坏死。结论　垂直切口巨乳缩小术疗效良好 ,术后瘢痕细小 ,乳房形态良好。     

Modification of Vertical Scar in Vertical Mammaplasty Technique

Vertical mammaplasty is a simple and safe procedure that relies on an upper pedicle to the areola with lower central breast reduction and glandular shaping. We applied this technique to six patients adding a modification of the vertical scar which distributed skin tension both to the areola and vertical suture line. It prevented an unacceptable puckering vertical scar and enlargement of areola. This modification also provided satisfactory breast shape with a good vertical scar especially at the early postoperative period.     

Minimal-Scar Breast Reduction and Mastopexy

Background Classic breast reduction and mastopexy techniques leave a vertical scar, but are difficult to apply in cases requiring a large amount of breast tissue removal. This report describes a new breast reduction technique using a vertical incision for resections involving less than 600 g of tissue removal and an inverted T incision for larger resections. Results for the new technique are reported.Methods For 800 women, the reported technique was used for reduction mammaplasty (n = 640) and mastopexy (n = 160). Peridural anesthesia was used for 90% of the patients, and general anesthesia for 10%. The minimum follow-up period was 6 months for 90% of the patients. All the patients underwent mammary x-ray and ultrasonography before surgery.Results A short scar was obtained for all the patients. A new intervention for breast reduction was chosen by 16 patients (2%). For all the patients followed, the immediate results (projection of the areola and upper pole) remained unaltered at a late follow-up evaluation. There were no cases of infection or seroma. Hematoma occurred in 8 patients who underwent unilateral breast reconstruction, and 16 patients experienced temporary reduced sensitivity.Conclusions The new technique was effective in leaving a short scar and maintaining immediate results in the long term. Liposuction limited to the lateral chest wall prevented complications associated with breast tissue.     

Wineglass Pattern for Vertical Mammaplasty

The ideal reduction mammaplasty technique should create a pleasing breast shape with minimal scarring. The long and conspicuous scar associated with the classic inverted ``T' pattern mammaplasty techniques are not acceptable for many patients. Periareolar mammaplasty techniques cause less scarring, but they have major disadvantages such as scar widening, areolar distortion, and insufficient breast projection. We used a new pattern for vertical mammaplasty to overcome the insufficient breast projection caused by the round block technique and applied it to 51 patients during the last 3 years. This method results in a single vertical scar and a periareolar scar, allows sufficient volume reduction, and provides good breast shape and projection; the results are durable. This procedure is safe, causes few complications, and is easy to learn and perform.     

Breast Sculpturing: Overcoming the Limits of Traditional Approaches in Breast Reduction

Background  A technique based on original refinements of the vertical breast reduction was developed in our department. The aim of the technique was the safe and aggressive sculpture of an attractive breast mound with minimal scarring and long-lasting results that is easy to perform and suitable for teaching purposes in a surgical training unit. Methods  Fifty consecutive patients who were to undergo bilateral breast reduction were prospectively enrolled in the study. Accurate standard anthropometric measurements and photographs were taken preoperatively and postoperatively at 2, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months. A selective breast liposuction plus a superior pedicle breast reduction with a vertical scar skin pattern was performed in all cases. Results  Nipple lifting ranged from 5 to 14 cm; reduction of the distance between the inframammary fold and the nipple ranged from 0.5 to 7 cm; breast base width reduction ranged from 0 to 7 cm. Conclusion  This technique further contributes to vertical mammaplasty refinements, enhancing the key role of selective liposuction prior to surgical dissection of the breast. The basic principle is to convert a large breast into a middle-sized one, making vertical scar breast reduction the most appropriate technique for all cases. A thorough and selective liposuction of the breast mound reduces the breast cone base width safely and with virtually no limitations, thus breaking a taboo of traditional breast reduction techniques.