人工肩关节置换术治疗肱骨近端骨折

目的　探索人工肩关节置换术治疗肱骨近端严重 3～ 4部分骨折方法。方法　本组 4 5例肱骨近端骨折患者 ,男 14例 ,女 31例 ,年龄 31～ 78岁 ,平均 5 6 1± 7 8岁。 9例Neer分型 4部分和 1例 3部分粉碎性骨折行人工肩关节置换术 :单极人工肩关节 8例 ,双极人工肩关节 1例 ,全肩关节置换术 1例。结果　人工肩关节置换术后随访 2个月～ 4年 ,平均 1 3年。 10例患者 8例完全不疼 ,1例肩关节上举运动痛 ,返修术后缓解。 1例腋神经损伤致三角肌瘫痪 ,肩关节不稳。患者活动范围基本正常。除 1例外 ,其余较满意。假体X线片示置位较好 ,未见透亮区、无松动。结论　对于肱骨近端严重 3～ 4部分骨折 ,人工肩关节置换术是一个可望取得良好疗效的治疗方法。术中应尽可能重建大小结节的解剖复位 ,修复肩袖损伤 ,术后积极的功能康复训练有助于功能改善     

肱骨近端骨折--关节置换术后肩关节功能的风险因素

在不同的研究中,不同类型的骨折行肩关节置换术后,导致肩关节功能不佳的风险因素各不相同。最常见的风险因素包括年龄的增加、肱骨大结节移位或截骨术。大多数研究中,肩关节置换术后肩关节功能结果总体良好,但有些研究的质量差,导致方法学评分低。因此,对这些研究的结果应谨慎看待。     

半肩关节置换术治疗复杂性肱骨近端骨折的疗效分析

[目的]分析应用半肩关节置换术治疗复杂性肱骨近端骨折的适应证、手术方法及临床疗效.[方法]对应用半肩关节置换术治疗的复杂性肱骨近端骨折39例进行回顾性分析,根据Neer分型,三部分骨折5例,三部分骨折合并肩关节脱位3例,四部分骨折27例,四部分骨折合并肩关节脱位4例,采用Neer评分系统对肩关节进行术后功能评估.[结果]本组病例全部得到随访,随访时间6 ～36个月,平均24个月,Neer评分:优28例,良7例,可4例,优良率83.5％,肩关节平均活动范围:外展100°,外旋30°.[结论]对复杂性肱骨近端骨折行人工半肩关节置换术,术中注意肩袖的有效修复和大小结节正确重建,结合早期关节功能锻炼,治疗效果满意.     

肩关节置换术治疗肱骨近端骨折

随着肩关节置换术治疗复杂肱骨近端骨折的广泛应用，也出现了许多新的问题，如骨折造成骨性标志的破坏，术中假体放置高度及后旋角度的不确定性，大、小结节未达到解剖复位等，这些都影响了手术的效果和患者的预后。[第一段]     

肩关节置换术治疗肱骨近端骨折研究进展

1955年，Neer首次发表肩关节置换术治疗肱骨近端骨折的手术方法，并报告其优良率及满意率均为90％左右00]。但亦有文献报道肩关节置换术治疗肱骨近端骨折的效果较差，术后可出现肩关节僵硬或疼痛。因肱骨近端骨折发生率较低，故临床处理此类骨折的经验不足。骨折造成骨性标志的破坏、术中假体放置高度及后旋角度的不确定性、大、小结节未达到解剖复位等均可影响肩关节置换术后的疗效及预后。本文拟对人工肩关节置换术的相关问题进行综述。[第一段]     

半肩关节置换术治疗肱骨近端复杂骨折疗效分析

[目的]评估半肩关节置换治疗肱骨近端复杂骨折的疗效并对其影响因素予以分析.[方法]2006年1月～2009年6月,对36例肱骨近端3部分、4部分骨折以半肩关节置换术进行治疗.采用Neer评分和Constant-Murley评分作为术后肩关节功能临床评估标准.以术后真实前后位等比例X线平片上肱骨大结节重建位置、假体位置、肩峰、喙突之间的关系作为影像学评估参数.[结果]所有患者均获随访,平均随访时间18个月(13～38个月).35例(97%)术后肩关节活动时无疼痛或仪有轻度疼痛.末次随访时肩关节平均前屈126°,平均外旋40°,平均内旋至L<,3>椎体水平.根据Neer评分,18例患者对手术结果非常满意,10例对手术结果满意,8例对手术结果不满意.Constant-Murley评分为(68±20)分(20～97分).骨折后1周内手术病例的Neer评分优于1周后进行手术的病例.术后Constant-Mur]ey评分与肱骨偏心星巨呈正相关,与头结节间距(head to tuberosity distance,HTD)呈负相关.[结论]骨折后早期手术有利于术后肩关节功能的恢复.肱骨偏心距和头结节间距是影响半肩置换术后肩关节功能的重要因素.     

复杂肱骨近端骨折人工肩关节置换术后的若干问题

与全身其他关节的人工关节置换不同 ,人工肩关节置换术后的远期结果不仅取决于手术操作是否成功 ,而且更强调科学而严格的术后处理 ,尤其是那些应用人工肩关节置换治疗的复杂肱骨近端骨折的患者。现就人工肩关节置换的术后康复、功能评估以及并发症等方面进行综述。1.术后康复 :对于应用人工肩关节置换治疗肱骨近端骨折来讲 ,术后的康复治疗与手术同等重要。一个设计完善、实施成功的术后康复计划是肩关节达到良好功能恢复的必备条件。手术医师应自始至终积极地参与到患者的康复治疗过程中 ,只有手术医师能够并且必须指导术后的康复治疗计划…     

人工肩关节置换术治疗肱骨近端骨折

目的 探讨人工肩关节置换术治疗肱骨近端骨折的方法、并发症及疗效。方法 对肱骨近端Neer分型4部分骨折12例行人工肩关节置换术，分析期临床疗效。结果 本组12例术后随访3～12年，平均8．6年，其中11例无疼痛，1例有静息痛。肩关节活动度在70％以上者8例，在50％～70％之间者3例。1例肩关节活动度小于50％，假体X线示位置较好，其中6例柄中段有透亮区，无临床症状。无感染、松动、关节不稳等并发症发生。结论 人工肩关节置换治疗肱骨近端4部分骨折，术后肩关节功能恢复满意，能解除疼痛、稳定关节、重建关节功能，是一种有效的治疗方法。     

人工肱骨头置换术治疗老年肱骨近端四部分骨折

目的探讨人工肱骨头置换术在治疗老年肱骨近端四部分骨折中的作用。方法对7例老年肱骨近端四部分骨折行肱骨头假体置换术,术后按美国肩肘关节医师学会肩关节评分系统进行疗效评价。结果7例均获随访,时间为7~24个月。患肩无明显疼痛,患肩关节上举、内旋、外旋、完成五项日常生活能力,总体恢复满意。结论老年肱骨近端四部分骨折采取人工肱骨头置换术短期效果优良,远期效果需要进一步随访。     

Effect of tuberosity repair on functional outcome of reverse shoulder arthroplasty in proximal humerus fractures

PurposeUnsatisfactory results of hemiarthroplasty in Neer's 3- and 4-part proximal humerus fractures in elderly, have led to the shift towards reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). The objective of our study was to repair the tuberosities that are generally overlooked during RSA and observe its impact on the functional outcome and shoulder scores.MethodsWe include elderly patients with acutely displaced or dislocated 3- or 4-part proximal humerus fractures from July 2013 to November 2019 who were treated with RSA along with tuberosity repair by non-absorbable sutures and bone grafting harvested from the humeral head. Open injuries and cases with neuro-muscular involvement of the deltoid muscle were excluded. According to the tuberosity healing on radiographs of the shoulder at 9th postoperative month, the patients were divided into 2 groups, as the group with successful tuberosity repair and the other with failed tuberosity repair. Statistical analysis of the functional outcome and shoulder scores between the 2 groups were done by independent t-test for normally distributed parameters and Mann-Whitney test for the parameters, where data was not normally distributed.ResultsOf 41 patients, tuberosity healing was achieved in 28 (68.3%) and failed in 13 (31.7%) cases. Lysis of the tuberosity occurred in 5 patients, tuberosity displacement in 2, and nonunion in 2. Mean age was 70.4 years (range 65 – 79 years) and mean follow-up was 58.7 months (range 18 – 93 months). There were no major complications. Group with successful tuberosity repair showed improvement in mean active range of movements, like anterior elevation (165.1° ± 4.9° vs. 144.6° ± 9.4°, p < 0.000), lateral elevation (158.9° ± 7.2° vs. 138.4° ± 9.6°, p < 0.000), external rotation (30.5° ± 6.9° vs. 35.0° ± 6.3°, p = 0.367), internal rotation (33.7° ± 7.5° vs. 32.6° ± 6.9°, p = 0.671) and in mean shoulder scores including Constant score (70.7 ± 4.1 vs. 55.5 ± 5.7, p < 0.000), American shoulder and elbow surgeons score (90.3 ± 2.4 vs. 69.0 ± 5.7, p < 0.000), disability of arm shoulder and hand score (22.1 ± 2.3 vs. 37.6 ± 2.6, p < 0.000).ConclusionSuccessful repair and tuberosity healing around the RSA prosthesis is associated with statistically significant improvement in postoperative range of motion, strength and shoulder scores. Standardized repair technique and interposition of cancellous bone grafts, harvested from the humeral head can improve the rate of tuberosity healing.     

Shoulder arthroplasty for complex proximal humeral fractures

Abstract Displaced proximal humeral fractures represent less than 4%-5% of all fractures. The management of these fractures varies widely and includes conservative treatment, open reduction with internal fixation and hemiarthroplasty. Even if shoulder replacement has increased exponentially over the past decades for the treatment of these injuries and has been studied in large series, there is no general agreement on the optimal management of these fractures. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to collect and evaluate the scientific evidence supporting the different treatments for complex proximal humeral fractures, with particular attention to the real value of shoulder arthroplasty compared to nonoperative treatment or internal fixation. A literature analysis was performed on the different strategies, to find the best scientific evidences on this topic.S. Campi, GLOBE Working Group for Evidence-Based Orthodontics     

Periprosthetic humeral fractures in shoulder arthroplasty

Periprosthetic fractures associated with shoulder arthroplasty are uncommon but can be very difficult to treat. Treatment options depend on the timing of the fracture, the type of fracture, and the stability of the implant. Understanding these characteristics of periprosthetic fractures helps the practicing surgeon to avoid them and also to determine how best to manage them when they do occur.     

人工肩关节置换术治疗复杂肱骨近端骨折的临床分析

目的探讨人工肩关节置换术治疗复杂肱骨近端骨折的方法及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析20例肱骨近端骨折患者,Neer分型3部分骨折4例,4部分骨折16例。均行人工肩关节置换术,术后按Neer评分系统进行疗效评价。结果所有患者随访12～36个月（平均18.6个月）。按Neer评分系统评价临床结果优6例,良11例,可2例,差1例,优良率85%。术后无感染、神经损伤、假体松动和关节周围骨折等并发症发生。假体位置良好。结论人工肩关节置换术疗效可靠,术后能解除疼痛,稳定和重建关节功能,是治疗复杂肱骨近端骨折的有效方法之一。     

应用肱骨近端锁定型髓内针治疗肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效分析

目的探讨应用肱骨近端髓内针治疗肱骨近端两部分外科颈骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析22例应用锁定型肱骨近端髓内针治疗两部分外科颈新鲜骨折患者的临床资料,患者平均年龄57岁。最终随访时拍摄肩关节X线片以评价愈合情况,并应用可视模拟评分法（VAS）评分,美国肩肘外科医师评分（ASES）,Constant-Murley评分,UCLA评分以及简易肩关节测验（SST）问卷评估。结果所有患者均获随访,平均随访时间为13个月,22例患者骨折均在术后8周内初步愈合。随访过程中未出现感染、肱骨头坏死以及任何与内固定物有关的并发症。术后患肢主动前屈上举平均为147．8°,主动体侧外旋平均为45．5°,主动内旋平均达T10水平。术后患者疼痛VAS评分平均为1．5。平均ASES评分为81．2,Constant-Murley评分为85．4,UCLA评分为29．9,SST评分为9．5。18例患者的肩关节功能评估为优或良,4例患者肩关节功能评估为差。结论闭合复位、锁定型肱骨近端髓内针固定术是治疗肱骨近端两部分外科颈骨折的一种有效的手术方式。     

Going forward with reverse shoulder arthroplasty

Rotator cuff is a vital structure of glenohumeral joint, the dysfunction of which leads to debilitating pain and restricted movement. Arthroplasty using unconstrained anatomical prosthesis for treating these conditions have not been successful in the past. Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty (RSA) is a novel technique specifically designed to address end stage glenohumeral arthritis in rotator cuff deficient joint. Short and mid-term studies have demonstrated a significant improvement in pain and range of motion of the shoulder joint. However there is a very high complication rate in comparison to total and hemiarthroplasty of shoulder joint. Over the years, there has been a steady increase in RSAs performed, both in volume and the indications for its use. This article discusses the biomechanical aspects, indications and critically reviews the clinical outcome following Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty.     

反肩置换在老年肱骨近端内固定失败翻修术中的疗效观察

目的：探讨反肩置换术在老年肱骨近端骨折内固定失败后翻修中的应用价值和效果。方法 ：回顾性分析2014年5月至2020年3月肱骨近端骨折内固定失败的患者8例,其中男3例,女5例;年龄65～75岁。8例均行反式肩关节置换术,病程8～16个月。记录并比较手术前和末次随访的关节活动度（range of motion,ROM）、加州大学（University of California at Los Angeles,UCLA）肩关节评分、肩关节视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）、焦虑自评量表（self-rating anxiety scale,SAS）评分、肩关节功能Constant-Murley评分,并分析手术并发症情况。结果：术后8例均获得随访,时间16～28个月。患肩关节活动度（前屈、外旋、外展、内旋）术后明显改善,术后VAS、SAS和UCLA评分也得到改善。肩关节功能Constant-Murley评分中末次随访疼痛、日常活动、活动范围、力量测试评分比术前均有明显提升,且总分比术前提高。1例发生肩胛盂切迹,影像学显示分级为1级,其余患者未发生相关特异性和非特...     

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty in acute fractures of the proximal humerus: A systematic review

The indications for surgical intervention in complex fractures of the proximal humerus are disputed. In elderly patients with poor bone stock it may be impossible to obtain satisfactory fixation of the tuberosities to a hemiarthroplasty (HA). In such cases primary insertion of a reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) has been suggested. We aimed to review clinical studies reporting benefits and harms of RSA in acute fractures. A systematic review. We included 18 studies containing 430 RSA in acute fractures. We found no randomized clinical trials. Four studies compared outcome after RSA with a historical control group of HA. The median constant score was 58 (range 44-68) which is comparable to previous reviews of HA in 4-part fractures. Complications included dislocation, infection, hematoma, instability, neurological injury, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, intraoperative fractures, periprosthetic fractures, and baseplate failure. Scapular notching was reported in 11 studies with a median value of 25% (range 0-94). Heterogeneity of study designs and lack of primary data precluded statistical pooling of data. No high quality evidence was identified. Based on the available evidence the use of RSA in acute fractures is questionable. The complication rate was high and the clinical implications of long term scapular notching are worrying. Randomized studies with long term follow up using the latest techniques of tubercular reinsertion in RSA toward HA should be encouraged.     

The incidence of humeral bone resorption in uncemented reverse shoulder arthroplasty and the impact on functional outcomes

BackgroundFull-thickness bone resorption around the humeral stem in shoulder arthroplasty is an increasingly recognized phenomenon, but the impact on outcomes remains unclear. This study aims to investigate prevalence of bone resorption in patients with the Zimmer-Biomet Comprehensive reverse shoulder arthroplasty and the impact on the functional outcomes.MethodsA retrospective analysis was carried out on 65 consecutive patients with primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty using the Comprehensive Shoulder System from 2014 to 2020, with a minimum of 12-month follow-up. The prevalence of humeral bone resorption was graded from 0 to 4, and risk factors for these changes and their impact on functional outcomes were further investigated.ResultsThe majority of patients (75%) were female with an average age of 75 years (53-93), with an overall average follow-up of 26 months (12-60). Bone resorption occurred in 53 patients (82%), and full-thickness bone resorption occurred in only 8 patients (12%). Metaphyseal bone (zones 1 and 7) is mostly at the risk of high-grade resorption. There was no difference in the final Oxford Shoulder Score between patients who had differential resorption grades from 0 to 4 (P = .5742). None of the risk factors from the previous literature including age, sex, indication for surgery, rotator cuff tear and repair, and intramedullary occupation ratio of the implant showed any impact on the rate of resorption.ConclusionFull-thickness humeral bone resorption occurred in approximately 12% of patients when using the Comprehensive reverse shoulder arthroplasty, but it has no impact on the functional outcomes or revision rate in the short-to-medium term.