胰岛素瘤64例的诊断与外科治疗

目的 总结胰岛素瘤的诊断与外科治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析64例胰岛素瘤的临床资料.结果 64例均表现Whipple三联征.术前BUS、CT及强化CT、MRI、DSA诊断阳性率分别为46.9%(30/64),58.2%(23/39),66.7%(18/27),91.7%(11/12).IOUS诊断阳性率为92%(23/25).单个肿瘤58例,多发肿瘤6例.单发者位于胰头19例,其中直径4cm 1例,胰体17例,胰尾22例;多发者6例均为2枚肿瘤,4例位于胰体,2例分别位于胰体和胰尾各1枚.治疗行肿瘤局部切除39例,胰体尾切除13例加作脾切除6例,胰尾切除8例加作脾切除4例,胰体表面肿瘤直径2cm行腹腔镜下单纯肿瘤摘除1例,自左向右分段切除(盲切法)2例,行胰头十二指肠切除1例.良性肿瘤62例,恶性2例.术后胰瘘3例、急性胰腺炎4例均经非手术治愈.64例术后低血糖症状消失.62例良性胰岛素瘤术后随诊1～5年血糖正常,其中2例分别于术后4年和5年复发,再次手术发现胰尾近脾门处分别有直径1cm和1.5cm肿瘤,经胰尾切除后治愈.45例随访8年血糖正常,17例失访.2例恶性胰岛素瘤分别于术后3年和4年复发,因肝转移死亡.结论 Whipple三联征和测定IRI/G＞0.3是定性诊断的依据.术中触诊联合IOUS是最有效的肿瘤定位诊断方法.胰岛素瘤切除术是最佳的治疗方法.     

胰岛素瘤15例诊治体会

目的 探讨胰岛素瘤的诊断与外科治疗.方法 回顾性分析我院15例胰岛素瘤的临床资料.对肿瘤行局部切除术11例,胰体尾切除3例(近期1例采用保脾术式),胰头十二指肠切除术1例.结果 本组15例病例中,平均年龄40岁,其中1例异位胰岛素瘤;肿瘤位于胰头7例,胰体尾5例,胰颈2例,肠系膜1例.术前影像诊断明确肿瘤定位10例(67%),其余5例不能定位,经术中超声定位.术后胰瘘2例,术后昏迷1例,无围手术期死亡病例.结论 胰岛素瘤均表现Whipple三联征,定性诊断不难,关键在于术前及术中定位.术前不能明确定位者,应联合术中超声明确肿瘤部位.胰岛素瘤手术方式多为单纯肿瘤摘除;在单纯肿瘤摘除中常规使用超声刀.     

胰岛素瘤的术中超声定位和手术处理

约20％～60％的胰岛素瘤术前不能定位，10％～20％甚至术中也难以发现，盲目切除的并发症可达31．5％～55．0％。作者总结胰岛素瘤术中超声（IOUS）定位的经验，评价IOUS指导手术操作、减少手术并发症的价值。1987～1995年共行28例（男11例，女17例，平均年龄40．3岁）胰岛素瘤手术。术中充分暴露胰腺，仔细们查后用一实时超声探头从胰头、颈、体扫描至联尾，有时经柯赫尔切口扫描胰头后方，显示肿瘤并明确其与主胰管和重要血管的关系。结果28例共发现33个胰岛素瘤，26例为单个痛，直径0．5～2．5（平均1．8）cm，分别位于胰头（5）、颈…     

胰岛素瘤的外科诊断与治疗

目的 探讨胰岛素瘤的外科诊断和治疗.方法 回顾性分析郑州大学第一附属医院普外科2008年6月-2014年10月收治的45例胰岛素瘤患者的临床资料.结果 45例胰岛素瘤患者包括功能性胰岛素瘤41例(91.11％)和无功能性胰岛素瘤4例(8.89％).应用选择性动脉造影、术前超声、术中超声、CT进行定位诊断.45例胰岛素瘤中,其中18例行腹腔镜下单纯肿瘤切除术,6例在腹腔镜下行脾脏切除术并胰尾部切除术;21例开腹,其中8例行胰十二指肠切除术,12例肿瘤位于胰颈部,行胰腺颈部局部切除术并胰尾部-空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,1例开腹探查未发现占位.结论 胰岛素瘤早期诊断是关键,手术是目前最理想的治疗方法,腹腔镜手术在这一领域具有卓越优势.     

胰岛素瘤10例诊断与治疗体会

目的探讨胰岛素瘤的临床特征、治疗方法。方法回顾性分析我院2001年5月至2009年11月收治的10例胰岛素瘤的临床表现、检查方法和治疗结果。结果经手术切除病理证实胰岛素瘤10例,肿瘤位置:胰头部4例,胰体部5例,胰体尾部1例。手术治疗:肿瘤局部切除术5例,肿瘤摘除术2例,胰体尾切除术2例,胰腺节段性切除+胰肠吻合1例。术后血糖均恢复正常,并发胰瘘4例,腹腔脓肿1例,无手术死亡。结论胰岛素瘤术前定位腹部超声或CT检查简便实用,如不能定位可术中探查;胰岛素瘤一经确诊,须尽快手术治疗。     

术中超声在机器人辅助胰腺良性-低度恶性肿瘤手术中的应用价值

目的总结分析术中超声(Intraoperative ultrasound，IOUS)在机器人辅助胰腺良性-低度恶性肿瘤手术中的应用价值与经验。 方法回顾性分析2019年10月至2021年10月期间，术前诊断为胰腺良性-低度恶性肿瘤并由解放军总医院第一医学中心肝胆胰外科医学部行IOUS辅助下机器人胰腺肿瘤手术患者的临床及IOUS资料。 结果在147例患者中，IOUS能发现并定位全部肿瘤，130例(88.4%)可以明确肿瘤与主胰管的关系，23例(15.6%)在IOUS指导下改变了手术方式；IOUS辅助机器人胰腺肿瘤手术的平均手术时间(183.3±75.1)min，术后中位住院时间7 d，发生B级及以上胰瘘22例(15.0%)，出现Clavien-Dindo Ⅲ级以上严重并发症15例(10.2%)，无90 d死亡患者。 结论IOUS可以在术中辅助肿瘤定位，明确肿瘤与胆管、胰管的关系，发现术前影像学检查遗漏的隐匿病灶，在肿瘤切除后判断主胰管的连续性并判断胰管支撑管的位置，有利于手术决策的制订和减少术后并发症的发生，IOUS的应用为机器人辅助胰腺良性-低度恶性肿瘤手术的安全顺利实施提供了有利保障。     

腹腔镜下胰岛素瘤切除13例

【摘要】 目的 探讨完全腹腔镜下胰岛素瘤手术切除的可行性、安全性。方法 我科2008年1月~2012年9月住院的对13例胰岛素瘤患者行完全腹腔镜下肿瘤切除的临床资料进行回顾性分析,并总结其主要技术环节。结果 13例患者在腹腔镜超声指导下成功实施镜下胰岛素瘤切除术,其中行单纯肿瘤切除术7例,胰体尾+脾切除4例,保留脾脏胰体尾切除术2例,过程顺利,血糖监测提示手术效果满意,术后胰漏3例,保守治疗痊愈,术后无严重腹腔感染和大出血发生。随访无复发。结论 腹腔镜下行胰岛素瘤切除安全、微创、可行,尤其是结合腹腔镜术中超声可有助于胰岛素瘤的的准确定位及选择合适的手术方式。     

胰岛素瘤诊治经验(附61例临床分析)

目的 探讨胰岛素瘤的临床诊治经验.方法 回顾性分析我院1986年8月至2011年7月间61例胰岛素瘤患者的临床资料.结果 均表现典型Whipple三联征,血胰岛素/血糖(IRI/G)均＞0.3.术前腹部超声、CT、EUS、术中超声、MRI和DSA诊断的阳性率分别为77.4%、63.2%、72.7%、91.7%、46.2%、33.3%.行胰岛素瘤剜除术50例,行胰体尾切除术4例,行胰体尾联合脾切除术5例,行保留十二指肠的胰头切除术1例,行胰十二指肠切除术1例.术后病理均为良性胰岛素瘤,无恶性病例.结论 胰岛素瘤的定性诊断主要靠典型Whipple三联征与IRI/G>0.3,术前定位诊断主要依靠EUS、腹部超声和CT,术中超声结合扪诊是最有效的定位方法.肿瘤剜除术是胰岛素瘤的主要术式.     

胰岛素监测在腹腔镜胰岛素瘤切除术中的应用体会

目的:探讨胰岛素监测在腹腔镜胰岛素瘤切除术中的临床应用价值。方法:分析2017年6月至2018年8月3例行腹腔镜胰岛素瘤切除术患者的临床资料,术中均采用连续外周静脉血胰岛素检测的方法,直至确认胰岛素瘤完全切除。结果:3例胰岛素瘤均为单发,直径1.0～2.5 cm,位于胰头钩突1例,胰尾2例。2例行腹腔镜胰岛素瘤切除术,1例中转开腹行胰体尾部分切除后胰岛素瘤切除术。通过术中胰岛素监测判断胰岛素瘤完全切除的准确率为100%,其中2例与术前影像学定位相符,1例通过术中胰岛素监测确认肿瘤定位。3例患者术后胰岛素、血糖均恢复正常,无胰瘘等并发症发生。术后住院6～16 d,随访11～26个月,均未见胰岛素瘤复发。结论:在腹腔镜胰岛素瘤切除术中,胰岛素监测的方法在判断胰岛素瘤定位、切除完全性方面具有较大的临床应用价值,适于推广应用。     

胰岛素瘤的诊断与治疗

目的 总结胰岛素瘤的临床特点和诊治经验,并讨论其诊治方法.方法 回顾性分析了1997年1月至2012年1月间收治的32例胰岛素瘤的临床表现和辅助检查等特点,并结合文献讨论胰岛素瘤诊治的有关问题.结果 32例患者均有Whipple三联征,术前B超、CT、数字减影血管造影（DSA）定性诊断的准确率分别为28.1％ （9/32）、64.0％ （16/25）、90.0％ （9/10）,术中B超为100％ （9/9）.肿瘤局部摘除术20例,胰体尾切除术7例（加做脾切除3例）,胰尾切除术4例,原发性肝癌并胰腺部分切除术1例.结论 准确的术前定位及定性检查有助于术中选择合理的手术方式,术中超声是胰岛素瘤最有效的定位诊断方法.胰岛素瘤一经确诊,须尽快手术治疗.行肿瘤摘除术是治疗良性胰岛素瘤的最佳方式,能够降低术后并发症发生率.     

Localization and surgical treatment of occult insulinomas.

Management of patients with biochemical evidence of insulinoma and negative preoperative imaging studies (occult) tumors is controversial, varying from primarily medical management to aggressive, blind nearly total pancreatectomy to extirpate the tumor. Since 1982, 12 consecutive patients with occult insulinoma underwent preoperative portal venous sampling (PVS) for insulin followed by surgical exploration with intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS). Eleven of twelve patients (92%) had insulinoma removed and were cured. Portal venous sampling correctly predicted the location of the insulinoma in 9 patients (75%) and that no tumor would be found in another patient. A fourfold insulin gradient in the pancreatic tail of one patient correctly predicted that a distal pancreatectomy would remove the insulinoma despite the fact that neither palpation nor IOUS identified any tumor. Intraoperative ultrasound was the single best method to identify occult tumors because it correctly identified 10 of 11 insulinomas that were found, including five pancreatic head tumors that were not palpable. Palpation identified five insulinomas. Of the 10 tumors that were identified during operation by palpation or ultrasound, IOUS identified significantly more (100% versus 50%, p = 0.03) and guided the successful enucleation of each. The results support the strategy of preoperative PVS and operation with IOUS to localize and remove insulinoma in patients with occult tumors. Most tumors (75%) will be correctly localized to a specific pancreatic region by preoperative PVS and identified by IOUS (83%), allowing simple enucleation and biochemical correction of hypoglycemia. Morbid blind pancreatic resections are no longer indicated and long-term medical management of hypoglycemia should be reserved for the occasional patient (8%) who fails preoperative PVS and operation guided by IOUS.     

胰腺结石的诊断与外科治疗(附10例报告)

目的　探讨胰腺结石的外科诊断方法与外科手术方式。方法　对 10例胰腺结石病人的诊治情况进行了回顾性分析。结果　B超诊断结石 6例 ,ERCP检查 4例 ,腹部X线摄片检查3例 ;胰十二指肠切除 2例 ,切开胰管取石、胰管空肠侧侧吻合术 5例 ,囊肿Roux Y吻合术 1例 ,脾胰体尾切除与胰体尾切除各 1例。结论　B超、腹部平片、CT和ERCP对胰腺结石是有效的诊断手段。手术方式的选择取决于胰腺结石的部位、主胰管狭窄程度、是否合并胰腺癌肿与胰腺囊肿、有无慢性胰腺炎与糖尿病情况。     

Intraoperative ultrasonography of the pancreas in children

In children, lesions of the pancreas often are small, and precise localization is required for optimal surgical management. We have used newer-generation real-time ultrasonography of the pancreas intraoperatively in seven children. Five of these children had hypoglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulinomas; one had a persistent small pancreatic pseudocyst with a disrupted secondary duct, and one had familial pancreatitis with a remarkably enlarged duct and a stone. Two of the five with adenomas had multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome I (MEN I syndrome); in them, ultrasonography localized several adenomas preoperatively and several additional adenomas intraoperatively. This allowed a 90% pancreatectomy with enucleation of small adenomas in the remaining head. One child had a nonpalpable insulinoma deep in the head of the pancreas; intraoperative ultrasonography localized the lesion and permitted successful enucleation. Another child with a small pseudocyst and a disrupted secondary pancreatic duct ultimately required surgical drainage; intraoperative ultrasonography of the inflammatory mass immediately localized the small pseudocyst and thus decreased the operative time. The child with familial pancreatitis appeared to require a surgical drainage procedure; however, intraoperative ultrasonography demonstrated that the stone had passed spontaneously just prior to operation and the duct size had returned to normal, eliminating the need for the drainage procedure at that time.     

腹腔镜胰岛细胞瘤切除术的临床应用

目的探讨腹腔镜胰岛细胞瘤手术切除的可行性。方法 2007年9月至2009年8月,经临床筛选胰岛细胞瘤病例8例,无功能性2例,功能性6例。病灶直径1.2～4.5cm,平均(2.7±0.7)cm。术前行腹部超声、超声造影、内镜超声、CT、MIR及DSA进行定位,必要时行术中超声,确保肿瘤完全切除干净,术后放置引流管,防止胰漏。结果 8例完全腹腔镜下胰岛细胞瘤除,其中沿包膜完整切除4例,连同部分胰腺组织切除2例,胰体尾加脾脏切除1例,保留脾脏胰尾部切除1例。手术时间90～320min,平均(220.9±71.9)min,出血量50～800ml,平均(350.6±210.5)ml。术中未出现不能控制的并发症,术后腹腔引流管放置时间5～14d。其中1例拔管后发生胰漏,形成腹腔内包裹性囊肿。其他无胰漏、出血等并发症,术后平均住院7.4d。结论腹腔镜胰岛细胞瘤切除术是安全、微创、可行,可达到开腹完整切除的目的,值得临床推广使用。     

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the preoperative diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasms associated with cysts

Neither computed tomography (CT) nor ultrasonography reliably distinguishes neoplastic from non-neoplastic pancreatic cysts. More invasive tests such as angiography or biopsy fail to differentiate these lesions in up to a third of patients. Because appropriate treatment differs greatly for these two classes of lesions, the clinician requires a more accurate means of confirming or excluding neoplasia. In an effort to refine the preoperative diagnosis of pancreatic cysts and evaluate the utility of endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERCP), we evaluated 11 patients with proven pancreatic neoplasia associated with cysts who underwent preoperative ERCP and CT scanning. Four patients had microcystic cystadenomas, two had a mucinous cystadenoma, one had a mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, and four had adenocarcinomas associated with cysts. CT identified a pancreatic cystic lesion in each patient. In all patients, ERCP showed either focal irregular narrowing, occlusion, or displacement of the main pancreatic duct at the corresponding location without the ductal changes of chronic pancreatitis. This helped to preoperatively differentiate these lesions from pseudocysts, hastening appropriate operation, obviating further testing and consultation, and aiding the intraoperative surgical strategy.     

胰管结石外科治疗术式探讨

目的探讨胰管结石外科治疗的术式选择。方法对7例胰管结石患者进行手术治疗。采用胆管、胰管空肠(侧侧)Roux-Y吻合术 胆囊切除、胆管探查、T管引流术4例,采用胰管切开取石、胰管空肠(侧侧)Roux-Y吻合术 胆管探查、T管引流术1例,采用保留十二指肠的胰头切除、尾侧胰腺断端空肠(端侧)Roux-Y吻合术 胆囊切除及胆总管探查取石、T管引流术1例,采用胰十二指肠切除术1例。结果7例均痊愈,其中1例术前并发上消化道大出血,误切第一组小肠,遗有短肠综合征;另1例生存至1.5年后发生胰腺癌变死亡。结论外科手术仍是本病主要的治疗方法,主要有引流术和胰腺部分切除术,有主胰管扩张者宜采用引流术,无胰管扩张和胰腺病变局限化者,可用胰腺部分切除术,再联合内引流术;依据胰腺病变的具体情况选择最佳术式,手术疗效满意。     

内镜逆行胰胆管造影在急性胆源性胰腺炎合并胆管微结石治疗中的应用

目的 探讨内镜逆行胰胆管造影（endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP）在急性胆源性胰腺炎（acute biliary pancreatitis,ABP）合并胆管微结石治疗中的应用。方法 回顾性分析2016年1 月至2019 年2 月山东省立第三医院肝胆外科收治的21 例ABP患者经内镜超声检查（endoscopic ultrasonography,EUS）发现合并胆管微结石进而行ERCP治疗的临床资料,比较患者术前术后实验室指标变化。结果 ABP患者21 例均顺利进行ERCP治疗,20 例常规插管造影成功,1 例行预切开插管成功。其中十二指肠镜检查发现乳头憩室9 例,乳头过长7 例,乳头狭窄5 例,乳头萎缩3 例,乳头炎4 例。术中放置鼻胆管18例,球囊扩张17例,胰管支架植入15例,胆道支架植入3例。术后谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、总胆红素、直接胆红素、间接胆红素、血清淀粉酶、血清脂肪酶、胆汁淀粉酶较术前明显降低,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。随访1～3 年,21 例患者均无胆源性胰腺炎、胆总管结石的复发。结论 ERCP是治疗ABP合并胆管微结石的有效方法。     

Pancreatic endocrine tumors

Incidence of the endocrine tumors of the pancreas is about 4 to 10/1.000.000 peoples. We present 10 cases of endocrine pancreatic tumors which were operated in the First Surgical Clinic Ia?i in the last 20 years (1984-2003); these cases represent about 2.21% from all the pancreatic tumors (454 cases). It was 4 insulinoma, 2 gastrinoma, 2 gastrinoma associated with other endocrine neoplasia (Wermer syndrome) and 2 non-functioning endocrine pancreatic tumors. Female/men ratio was 9/1 and median age was about 41.9 yo (27-67 yo). In the four cases of insulinoma (all females) the diagnosis was delayed by two to five years due to misinterpretation of neurological symptoms generated by hypoglycemia. The diagnosis of insulinoma was based on Whipple triad, high plasma insulin levels associated with low plasma glucose levels, as well as the symptomatic relief after intravenous glucose injection. The surgical option was based on biological data, ultrasonography, computed tomography and arteriography. In two cases the localization of the insulinoma was established only by intraoperative ultrasonography. All tumors were localized in the tail of pancreas. In three cases we decided for a distal pancreatic resection with splenectomy and in one case for spleen preserving left pancreatectomy. Postoperative course was uneventful and all the symptoms disappeared. The diagnosis was confirmed on pathological examination in all cases. We also present two cases of gastrinoma with multiple ulcers and multiple surgical interventions for haemorrhage and perforation with peritonitis. Both patients died and diagnosis of pancreatic endocrine tumors was post-mortem. The two patients with Wermer syndrome also had ulcers complicated with haemorrhage and peritonitis and parathyroid adenoma. One case also had ante-hypophyseal and pituitary adenoma and the other had thyroid colloid hypertrophy. We performed left pancreatectomy with spleen preservation in one case and enucleation associated with total gastrectomy in the second case. The two cases of non-functioning pancreatic endocrine tumors had a non-specific symptoms. Diagnostic was established by abdominal ultrasound exam. We performed spleno-pancreatectomy in one case and pancreatectomy with spleen preservation in the other patient. Postoperative course was un-eventful.     

Intraoperative pancreatography and gastric-wall-covering method for the prevention of pancreatic leakage after enucleation of insulinoma in the pancreas

Pancreatic leakage is one of the most common complications following pancreatic surgery. Although several surgical techniques and several devices for the management of pancreatic ducts have been advocated to prevent pancreatic leakage, its incidence is still not acceptable. We report our new surgical technique, a gastric-wall-covering method, for the prevention of pancreatic leakage in the enucleation of insulinoma in the pancreas, along with intraoperative pancreatography for navigation surgery of the pancreatic duct. Our novel techniques help to prevent pancreatic leakage following pancreatic surgery, including partial resection of the pancreas.     

胰管结石11例诊治体会

目的探讨胰管结石的诊断与治疗。方法对2001～2007年间11例胰管结石患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果胰管结石患者均以上腹痛为主要首发症状且合并慢性胰腺炎,多数有内、外分泌功能障碍。B超、CT、ERCP及MRCP均可明确诊断。6例行胰管切开取石、胰管空肠Roux—en—Y吻合术,3例胰体尾部结石行胰体尾切除、胰断端套入空肠端Roux—en-Y吻合术;2例行胰十二指肠切除术,1例胰头部结石行胰管切开取石,主胰管内置T型管引流。结论：B超、CT及MRCP是诊断胰管结石最主要的手段。外科手术治疗仍是目前治疗胰管结石的主要方法。手术方式的选择主要取决于胰管结石的部位、主胰管有无狭窄及是否合并胰腺癌。