The role of cell adhesion molecules in ischemic epididymal injury

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the role of adhesion molecules in epididymal injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) in the rats. Study design About 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into two groups. A sham operation was performed in group 1 (control). In group 2 (I-R), following 6 h of unilateral spermatic cord torsion, 1-h detorsion of the testis was performed. Then, epididymides were removed to measure the tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and to make histological examination. Results Malondialdehyde values increased in group 2. In group 2, the rats demonstrated significant disorganization of the epithelium and loss of microvilli in the epididymal tissue. No abnormal microscopic findings of the epididymis of the rats in the control group. The tenascin expression in the interstitial area of the epididymis was intense in group 2. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression by intense brown staining was seen along the basement membrane in epididymal tissue from I-R group rats. The microvillus sites of the epithelia in I-R group were stained mildly by lectin. Conclusion The increased expression of adhesion molecules found in epididymal injury induced during of postischemic reperfusion may implicate importance of inflammatory infiltration.     

粘附分子表达在脓毒症小鼠肺损伤中的作用

目的 探讨肺微血管内皮细胞粘附分子表达在脓毒症小鼠肺损伤中的作用。方法 盲肠结扎穿孔（ＣＬＰ）制造小鼠脓毒症模型,分别在致伤后３、１２ｈ分离肺微血管内皮细胞,用逆转录－聚合酶链（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）方法定量检测Ｅ－选择素、细胞间粘附分子（ＩＣＡＭ）－１和血管细胞粘附分子（ＶＣＡＭ）－１的基因表达,同时测定肺组织中髓过氧化物酶（ＭＰＯ）活性的改变。结果 ＣＬＰ后３ｈ肺微血管内皮细胞Ｅ－选择素、ＩＣＡＭ－１     

多种黏附因子基因mRNA在原发性肝癌的表达

目的　探讨多种黏附因子基因在原发性肝癌种的表达及它们之间的关系。方法　取64例患者标本 ,逆转录 聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR)法检测肝癌黏附因子的基因表达情况。结果　(1)CD44与其他黏附分子表达率的差异比较有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。 (2 )CD44与E Cadherin、β1的表达量比较差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。(3 )各黏附分子间基因表达的相关性显示 :E Cadherin与CD44的表达正相关 ,与ICAM 1,α5的表达负相关 ;ICAM 1与α5,β1的表达正相关 ,与E Cad herin与CD44的表达负相关 ;CD44与E Cadherin的表达正相关 ,与ICAM 1,α5的表达负相关 ;α5与ICAM 1、β1的表达量正相关 ,与E Cadherin、CD44的表达负相关 ;β1与ICAM 1、α5表达正相关。结论　在肝癌黏附分子的基因mRNA的表达存在明显的差异 ,CD44表达缺失率高 ,且各黏附分子的表达相关。     

Impact of polyclonal anti-thymocyte globulins on the expression of adhesion and inflammation molecules after ischemia–reperfusion injury

BackgroundPolyclonal anti-thymocyte globulins (ATGs) are immunosuppressive agents used for the treatment and prevention of acute organ rejection after transplantation. ATGs induce apoptosis and complement-mediated cell death in peripheral T-lymphocytes and have shown a reduction of leukocyte adhesion after ischemia–reperfusion (IRI). We analyzed the impact of different ATGs upon the expression of adhesion and inflammation molecules after IRI.Materials and methodsThe major arteries and veins of the extremities of cynomolgus monkeys were surgically isolated and flushed with Ringer's lactate at 4 °C. After 60 min of ischemia the limbs were reperfused with matching human blood. ATGs were added to the blood 30 min prior to the reperfusion, forming four groups: Tecelac-ATG group (n = 16), Fresenius(S)-ATG group (n = 16), Thymoglobulin-ATG group (n = 12) and a control group (n = 16). Biopsies from muscular tissue were obtained after the experiments. The expression of adhesion (ICAM-1, VCAM, PECAM, CD11b, CD62E) and inflammation (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α) molecules on endothelium, leukocytes, and reperfused tissue was analyzed by means of immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe expression of the studied adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM, PECAM, CD11b, and CD62E) was significantly increased in the control group when compared with the treated groups. The expression of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α was reduced in the ATG-groups in comparison to the control group.DiscussionOur results showed that ATGs caused a reduction of the expression of adhesion and inflammation molecules both in endothelium and reperfused tissue. The inhibition of the expression of molecules required for firm cellular adhesion, may contribute to decreasing cellular graft infiltration after post-ischemic reperfusion.     

Localization of adhesion molecules on human spermatozoa by fluorescence microscopy

Summary.  The expression of adhesion molecules on human spermatozoa of healthy probands was analysed. The localization patterns of adhesion molecules (AM) on the spermatozoal surface were documented by fluorescence microscopy. Spermatozoa were incubated with antibodies against α1 (CD49a), α2 (CD49b), α3 (CD49c), α4 (CD49d), α5 (CD49e), α6 (CD49f) chains of β1 integrins, β1 (CD29), β2 (CD18), αV (CD51), β3 (CD61) and β4 integrin chains, the LFA-3 (Lymphocyte function antigen, CD58) from the immunoglobulin superfamily and the extracellular matrix proteins laminin, fibronectin and collagen IV. For collagen IV, α1 and α2 chains no expression could be noticed. Laminin was detected at the acrosomal membrane, fibronectin and β4 chain mainly at the equatorial membrane. The fibronectin receptors α3, α4 and α5 chains of the β1 integrins were mainly located on acrosomal and equatorial membrane areas. Laminin receptor α6 chain was located postacrosomal and less frequently acrosomal. β2 chain and vitronectin receptors αV and β3 chains had a mainly postacrosomal localization pattern. LFA-3 was found constantly on postacrosomal membrane areas. Double staining technique was used to prove the simultaneous occurrence of fibronectin and its integrin receptors α3, α4 and α5 chains and of αV and β2 chains on spermatozoa. The localization patterns of integrins on double stained spermatozoa were similar to the patterns described for single stained spermatozoa. The localization of fibronectin appeared to be influenced by the presence of integrins: the typical equatorial fibronectin band disappeared in case of an equatorial localization of integrins.     

大鼠单侧睾丸扭转复位后对对侧睾丸的影响

目的研究大鼠单侧睾丸扭转复位后对对侧睾丸的影响。方法16只成年健康SD雄性大鼠随机分为实验组(n=8)和对照组(n=8)；建立单侧睾丸扭转复位模型。术后30d取扭转对侧睾丸,采用原位缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)检测生殖细胞凋亡,光镜下计数精子数。结果与对照组相比,实验组对侧的睾丸重量和日产精子量都有显著性差异(P＜0.05),实验组生殖细胞凋亡显著增多(P＜0.01)。结论大鼠单侧睾丸扭转后,对侧睾丸生殖细胞凋亡增多可能是导致不育的原因之一。     

睾丸扭转的诊断和治疗(附23例报告)

目的总结睾丸扭转的诊治经验。方法23例患者平均年龄24.8岁,发病至确诊时间平均2.4 d(5 h~40 d),10 h以上者占87.0%(20/23)。隐睾扭转4例,行睾丸切除术;阴囊内睾丸扭转19例,其中16例因睾丸坏死予以切除,3例睾丸复位后血供恢复而予保留。结果保存睾丸的3例分别随访18、21和29个月,睾丸萎缩1例,正常2例。20例切除睾丸者随访6个月~5年,彩色多普勒检查示健侧睾丸大小、血供正常。结论睾丸扭转应与睾丸炎及附睾炎鉴别,隐睾扭转应与腹股沟嵌顿疝和急腹症鉴别。彩色多普勒对鉴别诊断有帮助。早期手术探查对降低睾丸切除率有重要意义。     

Sequential analysis of adhesion molecules and their ligands in rat renal allografts during the development of chronic rejection

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) are important in endothelial cell-leukocyte interactions. In this sequential study, the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 and their ligands LFA-1 and VLA-4 as well as major histocompatibility complex class II antigens (MHC class II), and interleukin-2-receptor (IL-2R) were investigated during the development of chronic renal allograft rejection in a rat model. The time-related expression of adhesion molecules and their ligands in the graft was correlated to the chronic allograft damage index (CADI). In association with an initial short immune activation, there was a significant ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 induction in the vascular endothelium and the tubular epithelium. In the interstitium, there was infiltration of lymphocytes expressing ligand molecules VLA-4 and LFA-1, as well as activation markers MHC class II and IL-2R. Thereafter, the expression declined together with the increase of CADI-values. In end-stage chronic rejection, there was practically no expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. In the interstitium, there were only few ligand-expressing leukocytes. In conclusion, adhesion molecules and their ligands are involved in the induction phase of the process but no longer in the later stages of chronic rejection. Received: 12 July 1999 Revised: 7 December 1999 Accepted: 27 April 2000     

Histological Study of the Removed Testes of Patients After Acute Monolateral Spermatic Cord Torsion

Histologische Untersuchung an Hoden von Patienten mit akuter Hodentorsion
Nach einer Hodentorsion ist die Infertilität häufig, falls der torquierte Hoden nicht operativ entfernt wird und atrophisch wird. Der dafür verantwortliche Mechanismus scheint ein Autoimmunphänomen zu sein. Um festzustellen, ob der atrophierte Hoden Ursache der Antigene ist, wurde eine sorgfältige histologische Untersuchung des atrophischen Hodens von sechs Patienten vorgenommen. Zwei Patienten mit einer mehr als drei Jahre zurückliegenden Hodentorsion zeigten keine erkennbare Hodenstruktur, während bei den anderen Männern mit einer etwa 1 Jahr zurückliegenden Torsion noch einige Spermatogonien innerhalb der Tubuli seminiferi und einige Spermatozoen im Nebenhoden aufwiesen.
Die Autoren vertreten die Auffassung, daß die chirurgische Entfernung des torquierten Hodens mehr als ein Jahr nach dem Ereignis zweifelhaft ist für eine Prävention oder eine Blockierung des Autoimmunphänomens, weil die testikulären Antigene fehlen und der Autoimmunmechanismus in der Lage ist, sich selbst zu erhalten.     

睾丸扭转误诊113例分析

目的 :提高睾丸扭转 (精索扭转 )诊治水平。　方法 :回顾分析 1994～ 2 0 0 4年总计 113例睾丸扭转误诊的临床资料。　结果 :首诊误诊率 84 .3%。误诊为急性附睾、睾丸炎 81例 (71.7% ) ;鞘膜积液 10例 (8.8% ) ;急性肠炎 7例 (6 .2 % ) ;泌尿系结石 5例 (4.4 % ) ;腹股沟疝 5例 (4.4 % ) ;睾丸肿瘤 3例 (2 .7% ) ;附睾结核 2例 (1.8% )。发病至误诊时间 2h～ 2个月 ,平均 6 .3d。手法复位成功 3例 ;92例行手术探查 ,睾丸、附睾切除 6 4例 ,睾丸萎缩 2 6例 ,总计睾丸毁损率 79.6 %。　结论 :提高首诊医生对睾丸扭转的诊治水平是减少误诊的关键 ,诊断流程采用病史、体征、彩超 3者结合 ,治疗的最佳方法是积极开展阴囊急诊的手术探查。     

The effects of nitric oxide on the expression of cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, UEA-1, and tenascin) in rats with unilateral testicular torsion

Background/Purpose:

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on the expression of adhesion molecules in the early course of testicular I-R injury in rats.

Methods:

Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into 4 groups, each containing 10 rats. A sham operation was performed in group 1 (control). In group 2 (I-R), after 6 hours of unilateral testicular torsion, 1-hour detorsion of the testis was performed. In group 3 (I-R/l-NAME), after performing the same surgical procedures as in group II, l-NAME was given for 30 minutes. In group 4 (I-R/Mol), after performing the same surgical procedure (torsion and detorsion) as in group II, molsidomine, an NO donor, was infused for 30 minutes. Then, ipsilateral orchiectomies were performed to measure the tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and NO and to make histologic examination.

Results:

MDA values and the testicular injury score decreased and NO values increased in the I-R/Mol-treated group compared with other experimental groups. The tenascin expression in the interstitial space and basement membrane of the tubuli seminiferi were milder in the I-R/Mol group compared with that of the I-R and the I-R/l-NAME. The acrosomes of the spermatids in I-R and I-R/l-NAME groups were stained mildly by lectin. In the I-R and I-R/l-NAME groups, the interstitial spaces, basement membrane of the tubuli seminiferi, and sertoli and germinal cells in testicular tissue were stained intensely by ICAM-1.

Conclusions:

The expression of adhesion molecules such as tenascin, lectin, and ICAM-1 in the torted testicular tissue may be a pathophysiologic sign of inflammation. NO regulates adhesion molecules expression.     

促红细胞生成素在大鼠脊髓缺血再灌注损伤中的表达及其意义

目的:观察促红细胞生成素(EPO)在大鼠脊髓缺血再灌注损伤(SCII)中的表达和重组人促红细胞生成素(rhuEPO)预处理对再灌注损伤脊髓神经细胞的作用。方法:将W ister大鼠分为正常组、假手术组、rhuEPO处理组和生理盐水对照组;rhuEPO处理组和生理盐水对照组于术前3h腹腔注射rhuEPO和生理盐水,制备大鼠脊髓缺血再灌注损伤模型。以免疫组化和W estern blot法检测脊髓组织中EPO的表达变化;以原位末端脱氧核糖核苷酸转移酶介导dUTP标记法(TUNEL法)检测细胞的凋亡情况。结果:EPO在无损伤脊髓中即有少量的表达,SCII后8h表达显著上调,于12、24h(12h与24h组比较差异无显著性意义,P>0.05)达高峰,伤后3d表达逐渐下调,5d仍保持较高水平。rhuEPO处理组SCII后8h、12h及24h时神经细胞凋亡水平明显低于生理盐水对照组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论:在脊髓缺血再灌注损伤中EPO呈现时序性表达变化,可能是机体内源性神经保护的机制之一;EPO预处理能明显抑制SCII后神经细胞的凋亡。     

小儿急性睾丸扭转(附19例报告)

目的 探讨小儿急性睾丸扭转的诊治方法。方法 回顾分析19例5d至13岁小儿急性睾丸扭转的发病、治疗和预后等临床资料。结果 左侧睾丸扭转15例，右侧扭转4例；发病至就诊时间3h-4d；19例均接受手术治疗。17例为鞘膜内扭转，其中14个睾丸已坏死，行睾丸切除术；睾丸存活，5个，行睾丸固定术。2例为鞘膜外扭转，睾丸均已坏死，行睾丸切除术。结论 睾丸扭转是常见小儿阴囊急症，及早手术是避免睾丸坏死的关键。     

腹主动脉瘤中细胞黏附分子差异表达的研究

目的研究腹主动脉瘤 (AAA)中细胞黏附分子的差异表达与AAA发病的关系。方法利用基因芯片技术筛查AAA和正常腹主动脉中差异表达的细胞黏附分子基因 ,再利用分子生物学方法在基因、蛋白质水平检测。结果AAA中有 3种细胞黏附分子存在差异表达 ,它们是VCAM 1,PECAM 1,TSP ,上调比率分别达到 5 7,3 6及 5 7 4倍。结论AAA中有细胞黏附分子的表达差异 ,差异表达基因可能在AAA的发病过程中起作用     

Expression of adhesion molecules and their ligands in liver allografts during cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and acute rejection

Abstract  Vascular adhesion molecules and their ligands are important in leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions and in T-cell activation of rejection cascade. Also, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is suggested to be involved in the mechanisms of rejection. In this study, the expression of vascular adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and ELAM-1 in the liver allografts, the number of leukocytes positive for their ligands LFA-1, VLA-4 and SLex, and activation markers (class II, IL2-receptor) were investigated in liver allografts during CMV infection and acute rejection and compared to grafts with normal function and histology. The adhesion molecules, their ligands and activation markers were demonstrated from liver biopsy frozen sections by the immunoperoxidase technique and monoclonal antibodies. A significant induction of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 was seen in vascular and sinusoidal endothelium associated with both CMV and rejection, and induction of ELAM-1 in vascular endothelium in rejection only. In both cases, the number of leukocytes expressing LFA-1 was significantly increased, but VLA-4-positive cells were more characteristic for CMV and SLex-positive cells more for rejection. IL2-receptor positivity was practically seen in rejection only, but class II-expressing cells were increased during both CMV infection and rejection. In conclusion, adhesion molecules were induced and the infiltrating cells expressed their ligands both in liver rejection and during CMV infection, although the expression pattern was slightly different.     

Six Cases of Prenatal and Neonatal Torsion of the Spermatic Cord

Torsions of the spermatic cord occurring from the intrauterine period to the end of the first year of life are termed perinatal. These are divided into prenatal and postnatal torsions, depending on their occurrence in the intrauterine or postuterine period. From January 1984 to January 1996, 6 cases were identified at our institution, involving 4 prenatal and 2 postnatal extravaginal torsions of the spermatic cord. These cases are reviewed with regard to optimal therapeutic approaches for the treatment of both the affected gonad as well as the contralateral one, and whether the event occurred prenatally or postnatally. The authors also propose several clinical indications useful for obstetricians, pediatricians, urologists and nurses.