高龄孕妇121例临床分析

目的：探讨高龄孕妇对妊娠结局母儿的影响。方法：回顾性分析我院分娩35岁以上孕妇121例，以及同期20～34岁单胎孕妇121例。结果：在高龄组中，妊娠期高血压疾病，早产，妊娠合并糖尿病，胎儿生长受限，足月低体重儿的发病率以及剖宫产率均明显高于对照组。结论：高龄孕妇的母子合并症及并发症的发生率均高于适龄孕产妇。     

35岁以上初产妇对妊娠及分娩期的影响

目的；探讨高龄初高对妊娠、分娩及母儿的影响。方法：选301例≥35岁单胎初产妇为观察组和同期20－30岁的单胎初产妇301例作为对照组进行回顾性分析。结果：≥35岁单胎初产妇的比率逐年上升；其妊娠合并症和并发症发生率明显高于对照组＜0．05；剖宫产率明显增高于对照组P＜0．01；第一、第二产程较对照组明显延长（P＜0．05）；低体重儿、胎儿畸形和围产儿死亡率与对照组比较明显增加（P＜0．01）。结论：≥35岁单胎初产妇应加强围产期保健，积极处理和治疗妊娠合并症和并发症，放宽剖宫产指征，安全地经过妊娠与分娩。     

122例高龄妊娠妇女妊娠结局的调查分析

目的对高龄妊娠妇女妊娠原因及结局进行调查分析。方法渊查对象为2009年1月～2011年1月在我院住院分娩的35岁及以上的122例高龄妊娠产妇,设立为高龄组,另按照1：1的原则随机选择同期住院分娩的年龄〈35岁的非高龄产妇122例作为对照组。对两组妊娠合并症、产科并发症（妊娠期高咖压、妊娠期糖尿病、产后出血、前置胎盘、早产、胎死宫内）以及新生儿（低出生体重儿、乒大儿、新生儿窒息、新生儿畸形）情况进行对比分析。结果高龄组的妊娠期高血乐、妊娠期糖尿病、产后出血、前置胎盘、早产、胎死宫内的发生率明显高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。低出生体重儿、巨大儿、新生儿窒息、新生儿畸形发生率明显高于对照组．两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论临床医师要重视高龄孕妇的临床特点,做好孕期监护工作,积极治疗并发症,以获得良好的妊娠结局。[摘要】目的对高龄妊娠妇女妊娠原因及结局进行调查分析。方法渊查对象为2009年1月～2011年1月在我院住院分娩的35岁及以上的122例高龄妊娠产妇,设立为高龄组,另按照1：1的原则随机选择同期住院分娩的年龄〈35岁的非高龄产妇122例作为对照组。对两组妊娠合并症、产科并发症（妊娠期高血压、妊娠期糖尿病、产后出血、前置胎盘、早产、胎死宫内）以及新生儿（低出生体重儿、乒大儿、新生儿窒息、新生儿畸形）情况进行对比分析。结果高龄组的妊娠期高血乐、妊娠期糖尿病、产后出血、前置胎盘、早产、胎死宫内的发生率明显高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。低出生体重儿、巨大儿、新生儿窒息、新生儿畸形发生率明显高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论临床医师要重视高龄孕妇的临床特点,做好孕期监护工作,积极治疗并发症,以获得良好的妊娠结局。     

高龄初产妇150例妊娠并发症与分娩方式临床分析

目的探讨高龄初产妇对妊娠结局及分娩方式的影响。方法对我院2005年1月—2010年12月收治的年龄≥35岁的150例单胎初产妇（研究组）的并发症及分娩结局进行分析,并随机抽样150例年龄〈35岁单胎初产妇（对照组）进行对照比较。结果研究组合并妊娠期高血压疾病、妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠合并子宫肌瘤、低体质量儿、产后出血、阴道助产及剖宫产率与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论高龄初产妇高危因素增加,因此应避免高龄妊娠,并加强对高龄产妇的孕期管理,预防妊娠并发症,合理掌握剖宫产指征。     

高龄初产对妊娠结局的影响探讨

目的：探讨高龄初产的妊娠结局及相应的预防措施。方法：收集我院2005年1月～2009年1月分娩的高龄初产妇（≥35岁）326例为观察组,同期分娩的非高龄初产妇（〈35岁）1876例为对照组。比较两组妊娠期糖尿病、巨大胎儿、妊娠期高血压疾病、早产的发生率以及剖宫产率的差异。结果：观察组中妊娠期糖尿病（4．91％）、巨大胎儿（6．44％）、早产（90．49％）发生率明显高于对照组（1．44％、4．85％．87．47％）,差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论：高龄初产妇中妊娠期糖尿病、巨大胎儿、早产的危险性增加。因此,应该避免高龄妊娠。     

高龄孕妇219例妊娠结局分析

目的 探讨高龄对于孕妇妊娠结局的影响.方法 回顾性统计1990年1月到2008年1月在我院就诊建立孕检表和分娩的35岁以上单胎孕妇219例,以及同期的20-29岁单胎孕妇219例.结果 在高龄组中早产,妊高征,子宫肌瘤,胎儿宫内窘迫,足月低体重儿,新生儿窒息的发病率以及剖宫产率均明显高于对照组.结论 高龄孕妇的母子合并症及并发症的发生率均高于适龄孕产妇.     

高龄初产妇合并高血压疾病对母儿预后的影响

目的:探讨高龄初产妇合并高血压疾病对母儿预后的影响。方法:观察组选择收治的高血压疾病单胎妊娠初产孕妇20例,对照组选择同期高血压疾病单胎妊娠初产孕妇60例,对两组患者资料进行回顾性分析,比较两组孕妇及围生儿的最终结局。结果:观察组内科合并症及早产发生率较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),产后出血、胎盘早剥、胎膜早破发生率两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组低体重儿出生率、新生儿窒息和围产儿死亡率较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:高龄初产妇合并高血压疾病是母儿预后的不利因素。     

实施孕期体重管理的干预对胎儿出生体重的影响

目的探索孕期体重管理对胎儿出生体重的影响。方法选取在我院保健门诊建卡的单胎头位初产妇600例,以就诊时间将产妇随机分入干预组和对照组,每组各300例。干预组接受体重干预教育,对照组接受常规产科检查和教育。比较两组产妇自建卡起至分娩前BMI和体重的变化和低体重儿、巨大儿的发生率有无差异并评价其他妊娠并发症。结果干预组的分娩前BMI和体重的增幅、低体重儿、巨大儿、妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠高血压、剖宫产、早产的发生率均明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论系统管理孕期体重可有效控制体重增加,降低低体重儿、巨大儿的发生率和其他妊娠并发症的发生率。     

高龄初产妇妊娠分娩经过对母儿的影响

①目的探讨高龄初产妇妊娠及分娩经过对母儿的影响。②方法回顾性分析在我院分娩的高龄初产妇98倒临床资料，随机抽取同期年轻初产妇98例为对照组，两组均为单胎头位，分析两组产妇妊娠经过、分娩过程及胎儿预后。③结果高龄初产妇并发妊娠高血压综合征（妊高征）12例（12．25％）；对照组4例（4．08％）（P〈0．01）。高龄初产妇剖宫产55例（56．12％）；新生儿低体重7例（7．14％）；对照组分别为16例、1例，分别占16．33％、1．02％，两组差异显著（P〈0．05）。高龄初产妇组与对照组对产程影响、产后出血、胎儿窘迫、胎膜早破、早产、子宫肌瘤无显著性差异。④讨论高龄初产妇组并发妊高征、剖宫产、新生儿窒息及低体重儿显著增高．因此加强对高龄初产妇孕期保健．对妊高征旱发现、早治疗、适时放宽剖官产指征，减少母儿的病率及病见率。     

高龄孕妇妊娠期高血压疾病的围生结局分析

目的：探讨高龄孕妇并发妊娠高血压疾病对围生结局的影响。方法：对我院2005年12月～2008年12月收治的92例35岁以上的妊娠期高血压疾病孕妇（观察组）与同期分娩的35岁以下的妊娠期高血压疾病孕妇115例（对照组）进行对照分析。结果：观察组子痫前期、子痫的发生率与对照组比较,有显著性差异（P〈0.01）; 观察组早产、胎儿生长受限、围生儿死亡的发生率比对照组高（P〈0.05）。两组新生儿窒息、胎儿窘迫的发生率比较,无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论：高龄孕妇并发妊娠期高血压疾病病情重,对母儿危害大,恰当的围生期管理并适时终止妊娠是治疗成功的关键。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.