吸烟与胰岛素抵抗

吸烟可使健康人及糖尿病患者胰岛素敏感性受到急性或慢性损害，导致或加重胰岛素抵制。本文重点介绍目前对吸烟与胰岛素抵抗的研究概况。     

长期吸烟与胰岛素抵抗的关系

研究了NGT吸烟者69例，不吸烟者59例，以及IGT吸烟者96例和不吸烟者72例。结果显示：NGT不吸烟者与IGT吸烟者之间的体质指数无显著差异。NGT吸烟者和IGT吸烟者之间，胰岛素作用指数、胰岛素抵抗和胰岛素分泌指数均存在显著差异。结论是长期吸烟引起胰岛素抵抗，并使NGT和IGT人群无效胰岛素分泌。     

男性冠心病患者吸烟量与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的 探讨非肥胖男性冠心病患者胰岛素抵抗与吸烟总量的关系.方法 连续性非肥胖的冠心病患者共414例,分为从不吸烟组(113例)和吸烟组(301例).通过空腹m糖、空腹胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗指数,分析其与吸烟量关系.结果 与不吸烟者相比,胰岛素抵抗发生风险OR值在吸烟总量<400支/年吸烟者中为1.09,400～799支/年吸烟者为1.53,≥800支/年吸烟者为1.89.结论 在非肥胖的男性冠心病患者中,胰岛素抵抗的发生风险与吸烟总量呈剂量依赖关系.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the relationship between smoking and insulin resistance in non-obese male patients with CAD. Methods 414 consecutive non-obese male patients with angiographically-documented CAD(luminal diameter narrowing>50%)were recruited,including 113 nonsmokers and 301 smokers.With 99 miht smokers(<400 packs/year),95 medium smokers(400-799 packs/year)and 107 heavy smokers(≥800 packs/year).Insulin resistance index(IRI)was expressed by homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)calculated by the formula of[fasting serum glucose(mmol/L)×fasting plasma insulin(mU/L)]/22.5.IRI≥2.69 was defined as insulin resistance,while IRI<2.69 was insulin sensitive.Fasting glucose,fasting insulin and IRI were recorded and odds ratio for the incidence of insulin resistance was calculated.Results Fasting glucose was higher in heavy smokers (5.86 mmol/L)than that in nonsmokers(5.51 mmol/L,P=0.037)and mild smokers(5.33 mmol/L,P=0.014).Fasting insulin and IRI were also significantly higher in heavy smokers(10.25 mU/L)than those in non-smokers(8.72 mU/L,P=0.0231,respectively)and mild smokers(8.67 mU/L,P=0.023 1).Compared with nonsmokers,the odds ratio for the incidence of insulin resistance was 1.53(95%CI 0.55-2.94;P=0.027)in medium smokers and 1.89(95%CI 0.49-3.14;P=0.018)in heavy smokers.Conclusions The relationship between smoking and insulin resistance is highly dose dependent in non-obese male patients with CAD.     

胰岛素抵抗与冠心病的关系

胰岛素抵抗与冠心病的关系山东电力中心医院（２５０００１）朱志荣为探讨冠心病与高胰岛素血症（ＨＩＳ）、胰岛素抵抗（ＩＲ）的关系，笔者对３３例冠心病患者及３４例正常人进行空腹血清胰岛素（ＩｎＳ）、Ｃ肽（ＣＰ）、血糖（ＳＧ）测定，并计算了胰岛素敏感指数（Ｉ...     

胰岛素抵抗与高血压的关系

研究表明胰岛素抵抗与高血压密切相关,胰岛素抵抗是高血压的一个独立危险因子,二者存在理论上的因果关系.胰岛素抵抗在高血压的发病机制中起至关重要的作用,而高血压也可影响胰岛素的代谢,造成胰岛素抵抗,两者相辅相成,导致一系列严重慢性并发症的发生.同时,多种降压药物可通过影响糖代谢从而改善胰岛素抵抗,另一方面,部分改善胰岛素抵抗的药物可用于治疗原发性高血压.因此,了解胰岛素抵抗与高血 压之间的关系对于胰岛素抵抗及高血压的防治有重要意义.     

胰岛素抵抗与脑梗死关系的研究

目的探讨胰岛素抵抗与脑梗死之间的关系.方法分别对30例无并发症脑梗死、40例合并有高血压脑梗死、20例合并有冠心病脑梗死及20例合并有高血压和冠心病脑梗死的病人及30例同期住院病人(对照组),进行空腹血糖(BG)、空腹血胰岛素(FINS)、胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、血尿酸(UA)、体重指数(BMI)等测定.结果 4组脑梗死病人分别与对照组相比,FINS水平明显升高,胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)显著降低(P<0.05).结论胰岛素抵抗与脑梗死有密切关系,可能是脑梗死的一个独立的重要危险因素.     

肝硬化与胰岛素抵抗的关系

胰岛素抵抗与高血压病及糖尿病的关系密切。近来,人们发现高胰岛素血症是肝硬化的一个重要临床特征。本文通过对肝硬化患者的空腹血糖(FPG)、胰岛素(FINS)和胰岛素敏感性指数的观察,探讨胰岛素抵抗与肝硬化之间的关系。     

胰岛素的糖基化作用及其与胰岛素抵抗的关系

人胰岛素在体外与不同浓度葡萄糖溶液孵育，利用氯化硝基四唑氮蓝还原反应证实胰岛素能被糖基化；利用抗胰岛素抗体分离３３例Ⅱ型糖尿病患者血清胰岛素，比色测定糖基化胰岛素水平。结果表明：糖尿病患者糖基化胰岛素水平显著升高，且与血糖呈显著正相关，与空腹血胰岛素／血糖比值和糖负荷后曲线下胰岛素／血糖面积比值呈显著负相关。说明糖基化胰岛素水平取决于血糖控制状况。且可能参与胰岛素抵抗的形成。     

胰岛素抵抗与脑卒中关系研究进展

胰岛素抵抗是非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病和肥胖的特征性表现,亦被看作是心血管病的独立危险因素之一,它与脑卒中的关系也非常密切,进一步研究两者之间的关系对脑卒中的发病机制、治疗及人群防治具有非常重要的意义。     

吸烟对大鼠骨骼肌胰岛素受体底物2基因表达的影响

应用RT-PCR和免疫组化检测被动吸烟大鼠骨骼肌胰岛素受体底物2(IRS-2)mRNA和蛋白表达变化,结果显示吸烟使正常组、高脂饲养组大鼠骨骼肌IRS-2 mRNA(0.27±0.02 vs 0.41±0.25,0.40±0.04 vs 0.51±0.02)及蛋白(2.91±0.42 vs 4.90±0.29,2.43 vs 0.36±3.80+0.30)表达显著降低(均P<0.01).糖尿病吸烟组大鼠与对照组则差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),提示IRS-2基因表达的变化可能在吸烟致大鼠胰岛素抵抗发生机制中起一定的作用.     

Impact of cigarette smoking on impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance in Japanese men: The Saku Study

Aims/Introduction

To assess the impact of smoking on impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance in Japanese men.

Materials and Methods

This study included 1,199 men aged 30–79 years without diabetes, impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance at baseline who underwent a comprehensive medical check‐up between April 2006 and March 2007 at Saku Central Hospital. Smoking status was categorized as current, ex‐smoker and never‐smoker. Insulinogenic index and homeostasis model assessment‐insulin resistance were determined using a standard 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test. The Japan Diabetes Society criteria were used to define impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Participants were followed up until March 2011.

Results

A total of 449 and 99 men developed impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance during 3,403 and 4,092 person‐years follow up, respectively. The multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for impaired insulin secretion were 1.06 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84–1.33) in ex‐smokers and 1.95 (95% CI 1.44–2.63) in current smokers compared with never‐smokers after adjustment for age, familial history of diabetes, alcohol consumption, exercise, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride, γ‐glutamyltransferase, waist circumference, leukocyte count, changes in smoking status and changes in waist circumference. The number of pack‐years was positively associated with the risk for impaired insulin secretion in a dose‐dependent manner (P‐values for trend <0.001). The multivariable‐adjusted HRs for insulin resistance were 0.95 (95% CI 0.56–1.61) in ex‐smokers and 1.11 (95% CI 0.67–1.79) in current smokers compared with never‐smokers.

Conclusions

Cigarette smoking is a modifiable risk factor for impaired insulin secretion. The findings might also be important for other Asian populations, which have low insulin secreting ability.     

体脂含量与分布对胰岛素抵抗影响的相关研究

目的 研究不同体脂含量与分布对胰岛素抵抗(IR)的影响。方法 874例受试者根据体重指数(BMl)和腰臀比值(WHR)分成4组：1组(腹旗型肥胖)：BMI≥25且WHR≥0．9；2组(外周型肥胖)：BMI≥25且WHR＜0．9；3组(正常体重代谢性肥胖)：BMI＜25且WHR≥0．9；4组(正常对照)：BMI＜25且WHR＜0．9。观察指标包括血压、空腹血糖、餐后2小时血糖、血浆甘油三酯、总胆固醇、空腹胰岛素、餐后2小时胰岛素和尿微量白蛋白排泄率，并计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。结果(1）HOMA-IR与以上多变量显著正相关，其中WHR和BMI是互相独立的两个IR危险因素，且WHR对IR的影响程度超过BMI；(2)HOMA-IR在4个组之间差异显著，从高到低依次为排列1组、3组、2组、4组。(3)决定HOMA-IR的主要变量是甘油三酯、BMI。(4)正常体重代谢性肥胖与肥胖组间比较，以上各指标比较差异均无显著性。结论 无论是脂肪组织增加或脂肪组织的中心型分布，都可引起胰岛素抵抗，其中以脂肪中心型分布的作用更加显著。     

Effect of cigarette smoking on insulin resistance risk

ObjectivesSmoking is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The mechanism(s) of the effects of smoking on CVD are not clearly understood; however, a number of atherogenic characteristics, such as insulin resistance have been reported. We aim to investigate the effects of cigarette smoking on insulin resistance and to determine the correlation between this parameter with smoking status characteristics.Study designThis study was conducted on 138 non-smokers and 162 smokers aged respectively 35.6 ± 16.0 and 38.5 ± 21.9 years. All subjects are not diabetic.MethodsFasting glucose was determined by enzymatic methods and insulin by chemiluminescence method. Insulin resistance (IR) was estimated using the Homeostasis Model of Assessment equation: HOMA-IR = [fasting insulin (mU/L) × fasting glucose (mmol/L)]/22.5. IR was defined as the upper quartile of HOMA-IR. Values above 2.5 were taken as abnormal and reflect insulin resistance.ResultsCompared to non-smokers, smokers had significantly higher levels of fasting glucose, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR index. These associations remained significant after adjustment for confounding factors (age, gender, BMI and alcohol consumption). A statistically significant association was noted between the smoking status parameters, including both the number of cigarettes smoked/day and the duration of smoking, and fasting insulin levels as well for HOMA-IR index. Among smokers, we noted a positive correlation between HOMA-IR index and both plasma thiocyanates and urinary cotinine.ConclusionOur results show that smokers have a high risk to developing an insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, compared with a matched group of non-smokers, and may help to explain the high risk of cardiovascular diseases in smokers.     

胰岛素抵抗与高血压及其血压严重程度的相关性研究

目的探讨胰岛素抵抗与高血压及其血压严重程度的关系。方法选择177例正常人和166例高血压病非糖尿病患者。所有患者均抽血查胰岛素、糖耐量试验(OGTT),以胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)及胰岛素曲线下面积(IS-AUC)作为胰岛素敏感性的判定指标。并据SBP≥160mmHg和(或)DBP≥100mmHg将高血压病组分为两组。用多元相关分析及多因素逐步回归分析胰岛素抵抗与高血压的相关性。结果高血压病组的年龄、体重指数、ISI、IS-AUC与对照组比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。高血压病两组间比较ISI、IS-AUC有显著差异(P<0.05)。经相关分析显示ISI、IS-AUC与血压升高有显著相关性,ISI与血压升高呈显著负相关,IS-AUC与血压升高呈显著正相关。多因素逐步回归分析显示ISI、IS-AUC是血压升高的最显著危险因子。结论胰岛素抵抗与高血压及其血压严重程度相关,胰岛素抵抗是血压升高的最重要的影响因素,胰岛素敏感性越低,血压越高。     

缬沙坦与卡托普利改善高血压胰岛素抵抗的比较研究

目的：观察缬沙坦（代文）及卡托普利（开博通）对高血压胰岛素抵抗（ISR）的影响。方法：将54例伴有空腹胰岛素增高的轻中度高血压病患者随机分为两组。缬沙坦治疗组（V组）：26例，每日服缬沙坦1次，80－160mg；卡托普利治疗组（C组）：28例，每日服卡托普利2次，每欠25－50mg。疗程为3个月。测定治疗前后血压、空腹及餐后2h血糖和胰岛素，计算胰岛素敏感指数（ISI），治疗前后比较，并设正常对照组，进行组间比较。结果：两组降压作用相似，治疗前各组空腹血糖无显著差异，两组餐后2h血糖、空腹及餐后2h胰岛素显著升高（P＜0.01)，ISI显著降低（P＜0.01)，治疗后以上指标显著改善（P＜0.05)，但均未达正常（P＜0.05)。结论：缬沙坦和卡托普利都能改善高血压胰岛 素抵抗，但短期治疗不能使胰岛素敏感性恢复正常。