维吾尔族与汉族女性冠心病患者冠状动脉病变的比较

目的探讨维吾尔族和汉族女性冠心病患者冠状动脉(冠脉)病变的差异。方法回顾性分析经冠脉造影确诊为冠心病女性患者676例,按不同民族分为两组,其中维吾尔族组343例,汉族组333例。冠脉病变程度由病变支数、部位、病变分型及Gensini总积分表示。结果 (1)两组A型病变率最高,维吾尔族低于汉族组(44.6%比64.8%),维吾尔族组B型、C型病变率(29.2%和26.2%)高于汉族组(15.0%和20.2%),差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。(2)维吾尔族组三支病变(36.4%)高于汉族组(28.2%),而单支病变(36.2%)低于汉族组(47.4%),差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。(3)两组患者Gensini总积分随着年龄增长而增高,相同年龄段,维吾尔族组Gensini总积分均高于汉族组。结论冠脉病变程度随年龄增长而增高,单支病变逐渐减少,三支病变逐渐增加。维吾尔族女性冠心病患者三支病变率高,C型病变多,冠脉病变严重程度较汉族女性重。     

维吾尔族与汉族老年冠心病患者冠状动脉病变的临床研究

目的探讨维吾尔族与汉族老年冠心病患者的冠状动脉病变特点。方法回顾性分析1007例老年冠心病患者病例资料,根据民族分为汉族组(604例)和维吾尔族组(403例)。从冠状动脉血管优势型、病变部位、病变血管支数、病变分型、病变血管狭窄程度加以分析。结果维吾尔族组Gensini积分高于汉族组(P<0.01);两组男性Gensini积分均高于同组女性(P<0.05,P<0.01)。维吾尔族组C型病变发生率明显高于汉族组,而A型病变发生率明显低于汉族组(P<0.01)。汉族组男、女性患者C型病变发生率分别低于维吾尔族相同性别患者(P<0.05,P<0.01)。维吾尔族组单支病变发生率明显低于汉族组,而3支病变发生率明显高于汉族组(P<0.01)。汉族组男、女性患者3支病变发生率分别低于维吾尔族相同性别患者(P<0.05)。两组男性患者3支病变发生率均高于同组女性(P<0.05.P<0.01)。结论相同民族老年冠心病患者,男性冠状动脉病变严重程度较女性重。维吾尔族老年冠心痛患者3支病变率高,C型病变多,冠状动脉病变严重程度均较汉族相同性别重。     

新疆伊犁地区维吾尔族、锡伯族、汉族冠心病患者冠状动脉病变对比分析

目的:对比分析新疆伊犁地区维族、锡伯族及汉族冠心病患者冠状动脉病变特点。方法:比较经冠状动脉造影术明确诊断的110例维吾尔族、100例锡伯族及105例汉族冠心病患者冠状动脉病变的特点及Gensini积分。结果:维吾尔族冠心病患者冠状动脉病变的Gensini积分(13.52±1.85)及冠状动脉病变支数(2.64±0.53)均明显高于锡伯族及汉族患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而锡伯族、汉族冠心病患者冠状动脉病变的Gensini积分〔(7.92±1.35)vs.(8.21±1.65),P>0.05〕及冠状动脉病变支数〔(2.24±0.52)支vs.(2.32±0.63)支,P>0.05〕,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:维吾尔族与锡伯族、汉族冠心病患者冠状动脉病变存在差异,且维吾尔族冠心病患者冠状动脉病变Gensini积分及冠状动脉病变支数均明显高于锡伯族及汉族冠心病患者,而锡伯族与汉族之间差异无明显统计学意义,原因可能与饮食习惯及早期治疗的机会不同有关。     

维吾尔族与汉族女性早发冠心病患者临床及冠状动脉造影特征比较

目的探讨维吾尔族与汉族女性早发冠心病患者危险因素及冠状动脉病变的差异。方法回顾性分析490例患者(年龄≤55岁)的病例资料,从冠状动脉血管优势型、病变部位、病变支数、病变分型、病变狭窄程度加以分析研究。结果维吾尔族糖尿病发生率高于汉族,而高血压发生率低于汉族(P<0.05)。维吾尔族左回旋支病变率及三支病变率明显高于汉族(53.8%比34.0%和30.3%比14.0%,P<0.01);而单支病变率明显低于汉族(45.5%比67.0%,P<0.01)。两组患者A型病变率最高,维吾尔族A型病变发生率低于汉族(55.9%比72.0%,P<0.001),而B型病变率高于汉族(27.6%比16.0%,P<0.05)。Gensini总积分维吾尔族明显高于汉族(33.8±28.6比21.5±19.5,P<0.01)。结论维汉女性早发冠心病患者危险因素存在差异,维吾尔族患者主要危险因素是糖尿病,而汉族患者是高血压。维吾尔族患者冠状动脉病变比汉族患者严重。     

维吾尔族与汉族高血压伴冠心病患者冠状动脉病变的比较

目的:探讨维吾尔族与汉族高血压伴冠心病(CHD)患者的冠状动脉(冠脉)病变特点。方法:回顾性分析600例维吾尔族与汉族高血压患者行选择性冠脉造影确诊为CHD的病历资料,对其冠脉病变特点加以对比研究;冠脉病变程度用病变部位、支数、分型及病变Gensini总积分表示。结果:维吾尔族组左回旋支病变发生率高于汉族组(59.5%∶46.0%,P<0.05),单支病变发生率明显低于汉族组(28.9%∶37.9%,P<0.05),而3支病变发生率显著高于汉族组(44.3%∶25.6%,P<0.05);维吾尔族组A型病变发生率明显低于汉族组(40.9%∶62.1%,P<0.05),而C型病变发生率显著高于汉族组(32.6%∶15.2%,P<0.05);维吾尔族组Gensini总积分高于汉族组[(43.1±33.0)∶(28.6±25.9),P<0.05]。结论:维吾尔族高血压伴CHD患者以3支病变率高,C型病变居多,冠脉病变程度较汉族患者严重。     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者血浆N-端脑利钠肽前体浓度与

目的 通过测定急性冠状动脉综合征患者血浆N-端脑利钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平并分析其与冠状动脉病变严重程度的相关性.方法 回顾性分析行冠状动脉造影检查并结合病史诊断为急性冠状动脉综合征的患者40例,另选20例冠状动脉造影检查阴性者为对照组.冠状动脉病变严重程度使用Gensini评分.急性冠状动脉综合征患者根据Gensini积分被分为Gensini积分≥30分组和＜30分组,按冠状动脉病变支数分为单只、双支和三支病变组.采用免疫定量分析仪及配套试剂测定所有患者血浆NT-proBNP水平,分析NT-proBNP与冠状动脉病变严重程度的相关性.结果 急性冠状动脉综合征组NT-proBNP水平明显高于对照组[242.56±68.16 ng/L比27.12±16.48 ng/L,P＜0.01].血浆NT-proBNP水平三支病变组高于单支病变组(P＜0.05).Gensini积分≥30分组NT-proBNP水平明显高于Gensini积分＜30分组[228.14±46.16 ng/L比127.64±32.64 ng/L,P＜0.05].血浆NT-proBNP水平与Gensini积分呈正相关(r=0.56,P＜0.05).结论 急性冠状动脉综合征患者血浆NT-proBNP水平在评价冠状动脉病变严重程度方面具有一定的临床意义.     

心踝血管指数与冠状动脉狭窄程度的关系

目的 探讨心踝血管指数对冠心病的预测价值.方法 对497例冠状动脉造影患者行心踝血管指数测量、病史采集及常规化验检查.根据病变累及冠状动脉支数分为冠状动脉正常组(178例)、单支病变组(102例)、双支病变组(104例)和三支病变组(113例).冠状动脉病变的严重程度用病变的血管支数及Gensini积分表示.比较各组患者冠心病危险因素以及心踝血管指数的差异,采用logistic回归分析比较危险因素在冠心病发病中的作用.结果 冠心病组患者的性别构成、年龄、高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常和吸烟率等显著高于冠状动脉正常组(P<0.05).单支病变组、双支病变组和三支病变组心踝血管指数均显著高于冠状动脉正常组(P<0.05).冠状动脉造影Gensini积分与心踝血管指数成正相关(r=0.763,P<0.01).Logistic回归分析发现,年龄、高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、吸烟以及心踝血管指数升高与冠心病的发生显著相关(P<0.05).结论 与年龄、高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常和吸烟一样,心踝血管指数增高也是冠心病发病的危险因素.心踝血管指数是冠心病冠状动脉狭窄严重程度的独立预测因子.     

老年低三碘甲状腺原氨酸综合征患者血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸水平与冠状动脉病变的相关性分析

目的 探讨合并低三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)综合征的老年冠心病患者冠状动脉病变特点,并分析血清T3激素水平与冠状动脉病变的相关性.方法 选取符合低T3综合征诊断的老年冠心病患者986例为低T3组,游离T3(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)均正常的老年冠心病患者1074例为对照组.测定两组FT3、FT4、TSH水平,根据冠状动脉造影结果以病变支数及Gensini积分评价冠状动脉病变程度,分析血清T3水平与冠状动脉病变的相关性. 结果 低T3组患者年龄比对照组高(P＜0.05),总胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平比对照组高(均P＜0.05).血清FT3值,低T3组低于对照组[(1.0±0.6) pmol/L与(4.1±0.5)pmol/L,P＜0.05)],血清FT4、TSH两组差异无统计学意义.低T3组Gensini总积分高于对照组[(43.5±18.3)分与(24.5±10.1)分,P＜0.05)].两组冠状动脉病变特点比较,低T3组中3支血管病变发生率高于对照组(P＜0.05).低T3组中,冠状动脉重度狭窄(3支主要血管任意1支狭窄超过75％)和完全闭塞(3支主要血管任意1支完全闭塞)发生率高于对照组(均P＜0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄和低FT3与冠状动脉病变支数及病变程度相关.结论 低T3综合征的老年冠心病患者以多支病变和双支病变为主,冠状动脉病变累及范围广、程度重.     

冠心病患者起搏检测心率震荡的临床研究

目的:研究冠心病患者程序刺激诱导的心率震荡(heart rate turbulence,HRT)现象与冠状动脉病变严重程度的相关性.方法:113例冠状动脉造影术后行程序刺激者,根据冠状动脉病变支数分为:单支病变组(36例)、双支病变组(26例) 、多支病变组(23例)及冠状动脉造影正常组(对照组,28例).计算各组震荡初始(turbulence onset, TO)、震荡斜率(turbulence slope, TS)和冠状动脉病变Gensini积分.结果:各病变组TO显著高于对照组,TS显著低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01).随病变血管支数的增加,TO呈逐渐升高趋势,TS呈逐渐降低趋势(P<0.05或P<0.01).TO与Gensini积分呈显著正相关(P<0.01),TS与Gensini积分呈显著负相关(P<0.01).回归分析显示,Gensini积分是影响TO和TS的独立因素.结论:冠心病患者HRT指标异常与冠状动脉粥样硬化及其严重程度相关.     

汉族、维吾尔族、哈萨克族冠心病患者冠状动脉病变的临床研究

目的 探讨汉族、维吾尔族和哈萨克族冠心病患者冠状动脉病变的差异.方法 回顾性分析新疆生产建设兵团医院心内科2003年1月至2009年1月期间临床可疑冠状动脉疾病行冠状动脉造影确诊为冠状动脉疾病的病例1321例,按不同民族分为三组,其中汉族695例,维吾尔族523例,哈萨克族103例.结果 (1)三组冠状动脉病变主要累及血管依次为前降支、右冠状动脉、回旋支和左主干.(2)三组男性三支病变及双支病变比例均高于女性,单支病变低于女性.(3)哈萨克族患者三支病变(37.78％)高于维吾尔族(37.26％)和汉族患者(33.11％),哈萨克族单支病变及双支病变为32.25％和27.12％,维吾尔族为33.92％、28.74％,均低于汉族患者(分别为34.78％和28.94％).结论 (1)男性冠脉病变严重程度较相同年龄段女性重.(2)维吾尔族、哈萨克族冠心病患者的三支病变的发病率均较汉族高,冠脉病变严重程度均较汉族重.     

Right coronary artery coronary sinus fistula with coronary sinus ostium stenosis

Coronary artery fistula (CAF) is a rare anomaly of the coronary artery. The draining site of a right coronary artery (RCA) fistula may usually be the right ventricle, right atrium, or pulmonary artery. Here, we present a patient with right coronary artery to coronary sinus fistula (RCACSF) complicated by aneurysmal dilatation of the coronary sinus (CS) and stenosis of CS ostium.     

Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries, coronary heart disease and sudden coronary death

Correlation between the severity of coronary atherosclerosis, thrombosis and sudden cardiac death was examined in 721 autopsied cases. Severe coronary atherosclerosis with stenosis was found in most of them; however a similar grade of atherosclerosis was discovered in patients with ischaemic heart disease not dying suddenly. Acute coronary thrombosis in the studied subjects was diagnosed post mortem in about 20 percent of those who died suddenly. Other studies indicate frequencies between 4-93%. There was no consistent time dependence.     

Iatrogenic coronary artery stenosis following coronary stenting

We present 6-month follow-up of 435 patients undergoing stent deployment. Forty-four patients were referred because of myocardial ischemia related to the stented artery. In six of these patients (14%), the stented vessel revealed a new proximal lesion separated from the stented portion, which warranted further intervention. It is felt that these new lesions are related to the stenting technique as a result of local trauma induced from the guiding catheter. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 46:393–397, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Clinical trials of coronary revascularization: coronary angioplasty vs. coronary bypass grafting

In the absence of diabetes mellitus, rates of survival and of survival free of myocardial infarction (MI) are almost identical among patients with multivessel disease assigned to percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) versus those assigned to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) after 6.5 to 8 year follow-up period. Additional revascularization occurs 2.5 to 4.5 times more frequently in PTCA-treated than in CABG-treated patients and prevalence of angina is no longer statistically different between the two treatment groups. The excess health care costs of bypass surgery, which are important early after revascularization, almost disappear 5 to 8 years later. In patients with single vessel disease, survival free of MI is also comparable in both treatment groups at 5 years. Additional revasculariztion occurs two to four times more often in PTCA-treated than in CABG-treated patients and prevalence of angina does not differ between the two treatment groups. Thus, in nondiabetic patients with multivessel disease, the choice of a revascularization strategy rests on the patient's and treating physician's preference between the invasive nature of bypass surgery and the risk of recurrent procedures. In patients with single vessel disease, these long-term data suggest that bypass surgery is at least as safe and effective as coronary angioplasty and therefore may be a treatment option in selected cases.     

冠状动脉256排CT与冠状动脉造影对冠心病的诊断比较

目的冠状动脉256排CT成像技术与冠状动脉造影检查对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的诊断比较。方法选取2013年5月至2014年5月内蒙古兴安盟人民医院心血管内科疑似冠心病患者50例,其中男性29例,女性21例,年龄37~68岁。先行冠状动脉256排CT扫描及图像后处理,后行冠状动脉造影检查,将两结果进行对比分析。结果以冠状动脉狭窄≥50%者为阳性。冠状动脉256排CT诊断冠心病灵敏度为40.00%,特异度98.18%,阳性预测值88.89%,阴性预测值81.82%,正确指数38.18%,符合率82.67%,KAPPA值46.28%。结论冠状动脉造影诊断冠心病准确性优于冠状动脉CT。冠状动脉CT可对冠心病患者进行初筛诊断。     

Percutaneous coronary intervention of bifurcation coronary disease

Bifurcation coronary artery disease is a frequent problem faced by interventional cardiologists and it affects approximately 15-20% of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The application of drug-eluting stents (DES) technology to prevent restenosis after PCI represents one of the success stories in cardiology, but DES have not resolved the bifurcation PCI challenge. Bifurcation PCI remains associated with higher procedural failure and worse outcomes compared with PCI of non-bifurcated lesions even in DES era. A dependable strategy for PCI of bifurcation lesions has yet to be established, which is likely due to the paucity of studies evaluating the anatomical intricacies of the bifurcation as well as the lack of large scale randomized therapeutic trials. Further, bifurcation has many anatomical variants and it is unlike that one technique will fit all. Currently, we are left with the option of a tailor-made strategy for each patient and bifurcation anatomy and make the most of the limited evidence available to support our therapeutic decisions. In this review, we attempted to describe the current understanding of bifurcation anatomy and corresponding PCI strategies.