铜绿假单胞菌多重高度耐药性的临床研究

目的探讨铜绿假单胞菌多重高度耐药性的可能原因以降低其感染率.方法1993～2001年从865例烧伤病人创面和焦痂下分离获得阳性菌株1 410株,其中284例病人铜绿假单胞菌381株,用kirby-bauer纸片法行头孢噻肟、头孢曲松、头孢派酮、头孢他啶、头孢派酮/舒巴坦、阿米卡星、耐替米星、亚胺培南的耐药性监测,根据NCCLS判断其耐药性.结果对第三代头孢菌素头孢噻肟、头孢曲松、头孢派酮、头孢他啶耐药率上升,至2001年达100%;头孢派酮/舒巴坦的耐药率上升,至2001年达95%;氨基糖甙类抗生素阿米卡星的耐药率上升,至2001年达100%,而耐替米星的耐药率呈下降趋势,2001年为5%;对碳青霉烯类抗生素亚胺培南的耐药性有上升趋势,在1996年以后达70%以上.结论铜绿假单胞菌对除耐替米星外的其它临床常用抗生素均呈高度耐药性.连续的烧伤创面细菌学调查与耐药性监测,对于铜绿假单胞菌感染的预防和治疗至关重要.     

对碳青霉烯耐药与敏感的铜绿假单胞菌耐药谱比较分析

目的了解耐碳青霉烯铜绿假单胞菌的分布,比较铜绿假单胞菌对碳青霉烯耐药与敏感菌株的耐药谱特性,以指导临床合理使用抗生素。方法采用稀释法对在2004年1月至12月间从临床分离的铜绿假单胞菌进行12种常用抗生素敏感性测定,采用卡方检验比较碳青霉烯耐药组与敏感组铜绿假单胞菌耐药性的差别。结果91株铜绿假单胞菌中有28株对碳青霉烯耐药,主要来源于痰标本(88．3%)；分别来自神经外科、呼吸科重症监护病房(RICU)、重症监护病房(ICU)等病区。碳青霉烯耐药株对包括头孢吡肟、头孢他啶、氨曲南、环丙沙星在内的其余9种抗生素的耐药率均明显高于敏感株(P值均＜0．01)。结论对碳青霉烯耐药的铜绿假单胞菌对大多数常用抗生素呈更强的耐药性,且其多重耐药状况非常严重,治疗时宜参考药敏结果合理选用抗生素。     

铜绿假单胞菌对多种抗菌药物的耐药性分析

目的了解2013年2月至2014年11月本院分离的铜绿假单胞菌的耐药情况,指导临床合理用药。方法收集临床送检的标本分离的铜绿假单胞菌,采用全自动细菌和药敏分析仪对临床常用13种抗生素的耐药性进行分析。结果铜绿假单胞菌对头孢噻肟、头孢唑啉、头孢西丁3种药物的耐药率均大于50%,对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢他啶耐药率低于20%。结论铜绿假单胞菌易产生多重耐药,加强耐药性药物的监测,控制院内感染,对临床医生选用有效的抗生素具有重要的意义。     

多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌医院感染分布及耐药性分析

目的：分析多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌临床感染分布及多重耐药特征,为临床合理选用抗菌药物提供依据。方法回顾性分析2008年8月-2013年9月我院检验科分离的140株铜绿假单胞菌的分布情况及药敏结果。结果140株铜绿假单胞菌株中痰液分离率最高,为94株占67.14%;耐药菌株主要集中在ICU、呼吸科,分别占35.00%和22.14%;铜绿假单胞菌对环丙沙星耐药率最高,为45.00%,对美罗培南和亚胺培南的耐药率均为7.86%。结论铜绿假单胞菌耐药性较强,临床应根据药敏试验选择合适的抗菌药物,以减少耐药菌株的产生和传播。     

铜绿假单胞菌多重高度耐药性的临床研究

目的 探讨铜绿假单胞菌多重高度耐药性的可能原因以降低其感染率。方法 1993～2001年从865例烧伤病人创面和焦痂下分离获得阳性菌株l410株，其中284例病人铜绿假单胞菌38l株，用kirby-bauer纸片法行头孢噻肟、头孢曲松、头孢派酮、头孢他啶、头孢派酮／舒巴坦、阿米卡星、耐替米星、亚胺培南的耐药性监测，根据NCCLS判断其耐药性。结果 对第三代头孢菌素头孢噻肟、头孢曲松、头孢派酮、头孢他啶耐药率上升，至2001年达100％；头孢派酮／舒巴坦的耐药率上升，至2001年达95％；氨基糖甙类抗生素阿米卡星的耐药率上升，至2001年达100％，而耐替米星的耐药率呈下降趋势，2001年为5％；对碳青霉烯类抗生素亚胺培南的耐药性有上升趋势，在1996年以后达70％以上。结论 铜绿假单胞菌对除耐替米星外的其它临床常用抗生素均呈高度耐药性。连续的烧伤创面细菌学调查与耐药性监测，对于铜绿假单胞菌感染的预防和治疗至关重要。     

医院感染的耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌临床流行特点

目的 分析医院感染的耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌的体外药敏情况和其多重耐药菌株的基因多态性,以掌握医院铜绿假单胞茼(PAE)感染和流行情况.方法 调查分析广东省人民医院2007年医院感染的PAE,筛选出耐亚胺培南菌株并分析其临床分布和对常用抗生素的耐药性;同时用ERIC-PCR方法对其多重耐药株进行基因多态性分析.结果 耐亚胺培南PAE为75株.主要来自年老的呼吸系统疾病患者,对常用抗生素耐药率高;其中22株多重耐药株基因分型为10个流行型别.结论 医院感染耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌临床分布广泛,且多重耐药PAE引起的医院感染主要呈散在多克隆流行,是临床PAE感染难以控制的潜在因素.     

铜绿假单胞菌的药敏试验结果及耐药性分析

分析我院2008年1月-2009年12月份临床标本中分离出的115株铜绿假单胞菌对常用抗生素的药敏试验结果以及耐药趋势,为临床治疗铜绿假单胞菌感染提供参考.方法 用合肥恒星HX-21细菌鉴定药敏分析仪进行细菌鉴定和药敏试验,检测115株铜绿假单胞菌对临床常用抗生素的敏感性.结果 1358份临床标本中共分离出115株铜绿假单胞菌,铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南、阿米卡星、哌拉西林、头孢他啶及环丙沙星的敏感率较高,而对头孢噻肟、庆大霉素、复方新诺明、氨苄西林等抗生素已表现出较高的耐药性.而且耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌比例也日渐增高.结论 近年来,铜绿假单胞菌的分离率已经很高,多重耐药菌日趋增多,耐药机制复杂.因此,加强铜绿假单胞菌对常用抗生素的药敏试验监测可为临床提供最新的流行病学,尽量减少临床经验用药,避免盲目和滥用抗生素.     

铜绿假单胞菌耐药性分析及MexAB-OprM检测

目的 探讨铜绿假单胞菌耐药性和主动外排系统MexAB-OprM的耐药作用.方法 用琼脂稀释法测101株铜绿假单胞菌的最小抑菌浓度;用L-酚丙氨基-L-氨基酰-β-萘胺(MC-207,110)进行主动外排表型的筛选;用RT-PCR扩增PA01和主动外排阳性菌株的mexB基因和16SrDNA基因片段,根据mexB与16SrDNA扩增产物的电泳扫描比值,分析mexB mRNA的表达水平,判断MexAB-OprM的表达情况.结果 铜绿假单胞菌对14种临床常用抗生素表现为多重耐药,耐药率达80%以上的抗生素有8种,依次为头孢曲松99.0%、头孢噻肟92.1%、加替沙星91.1%、环丙沙星88.1%、头孢吡肟81.2%、氨曲南、左氧氟沙星、庆大霉素的耐药率均为87.1%;101株铜绿假单胞菌中有32株外排表型阳性,其中有27株MexAB-OprM表达增加.结论 铜绿假单胞菌对多种抗菌药物的耐药率高,多重耐药明显,MexAB-OprM主动外排系统对铜绿假单胞菌的耐药有重要作用.     

239株铜绿假单胞菌的耐药性分析

目的研究铜绿假单胞菌对目前常用20种抗生素的耐药性,以利于临床合理选用抗菌药物。方法对从患者标本中分离出来的239株铜绿假单胞菌结合临床相关资料进行分析。细菌菌种鉴定及药敏实验采用法国BioMerieux公司的VITEK32全自动微生物分析仪。部分药敏用KB法进行。结果239株铜绿假单胞菌对20种常用抗生素的平均敏感率为3624%,平均耐药率为6376%。三重以上耐药者占7635%。敏感率最高的是亚胺培南8904%,其他依次为舒普深8897%,阿米卡星8402%,特治星8235%等。结论铜绿假单胞菌是临床感染性疾病中常见致病菌之一,且耐药问题已经十分严重。通过耐药性分析,可以优化治疗方案,提高临床治疗效果,降低多重耐药菌株的产生。     

外科重症监护室多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌的对比基因组学研究

目的 对比分析外科重症监护室多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌的基因组差异,探索其与多重耐药性的关系.方法 琼脂稀释法检测49株铜绿假单胞菌对临床常用9种抗菌药物的敏感性,应用4种稀有位点核酸内切酶结合的脉冲场凝胶电泳技术(PFGE)对临床分离的株铜绿假单胞菌进行基因组分型.结果 多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌菌株占外科重症监护室铜绿假单胞菌临床分离株的85.7%;PFGE基因组型A菌株占全部铜绿假单胞菌分离株的61.2%,为主导基因组型,该基因组型全部对阿米卡星和头孢吡肟敏感,对左旋氧氟沙星和美洛培南耐药;PFGE基因组型H、P菌株对6种以上抗生素耐药;PFGE基因组型I和J菌株对所测9种抗生素均敏感.结论 4种稀有位点核酸内切酶结合的PFGE基因组分型可以作为临床多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌监控和鉴定的有效手段.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.