126例帕金森病患者非运动症状发生率分析

目的分析帕金森病患者非运动症状发生率,探讨非运动症状的临床特征。方法采用"帕金森病非运动症状筛查量表"对126例帕金森病患者的非运动症状发生率进行排序,并比较不同Hoehn&Yahr分级组及病程组帕金森非运动症状项目数差异。结果帕金森病非运动症状总发生率97.6%,其中便秘的发生率最高为89.7%,其次为失眠(74.6%)及小便后仍频繁想要小便(71.4%)等,且发生非运动症状项目数随病程的延长及病情的加重而增加。结论便秘、失眠及小便障碍为最常见的非运动症状,病程越长、病情越重发生非运动症状的项目数越多。     

帕金森病患者非运动症状发生及相关影响因素的研究

目的 研究帕金森病(PD)非运动症状的发生和分布情况及其与多种相关因素的关系。方法 对68例原发性PD患者使用统一PD评分量表(uPDRs)、PD非运动症状30问卷量表(the PD NMS questionnaire,NMSQuest)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)和简易智能量表(MMsE)进行评分,并对非运动症状进行评估。结果 所有PD患者各个时期病程均有非运动症状的出现,平均每个PD患者出现9项左右不同的非运动症状,并且非运动症状的发生与PD疾病的进展相关,与Hoehn and yahr(H-Y)分级呈正相关(P<0.01),与UPDRsⅢ运动评分呈正相关(P<0.01),且影响患者的生活质量,与ADL评分呈负相关P<0.05),而与年龄、性别、PD发病类型和左旋多巴每日治疗量无关(P>0.05)。结论 非运动症状的发生在PD中很普遍,各项发生率随PD患者的临床特点及病程进展的情况变化,NMS发生数与PD的疾病严重程度呈正相关,对患者生活质量产生严重影响,需要全面认识和及时干预。     

不同疾病类型的帕金森病患者非运动症状发生率的比较

目的了解帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)不同疾病类型在非运动症状发生率上的差异。方法连续选取门诊确诊为原发性PD的301例患者,详细记录其起病年龄等临床资料,评定非运动症状筛查量表、统一帕金森病评分量表等。所得资料进行统计学分析。结果 301例患者中109例为震颤型,143例为姿势步态异常(postural instability and gait difficulty,PIGD)型,49例为中间型。震颤型和PIGD型在非运动症状总数、起病年龄、UPDRS第3部分总分、CES-D抑郁自评量表总分、汉密尔顿抑郁量表总分以及病程上均存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。PIGD型在白天流涎、尿急、疼痛、情绪低落、跌倒和下肢浮肿等16个非运动症状的发生率上均高于震颤型(P<0.05)。结论震颤型和PIGD型在多个临床特征上存在差异。PIGD型更易出现白天流涎、尿急、疼痛、情绪低落、跌倒和下肢浮肿等非运动症状。     

帕金森病患者非运动症状的研究进展

帕金森病是以运动异常为特征的疾病,但其非运动症状却非常常见,这些症状包括精神行为异常、睡眠障碍、认知功能障碍、感觉异常、自主神经功能障碍等。它们发病率高,临床表现多样,病理机制复杂,诊断和临床评估困难,治疗难度大,严重影响帕金森病患者的生活质量,对照料者也有着极大的影响。但是帕金森病的非运动症状并没有被临床医生充分认识,临床上应该加强对其的认识和重视,使其评估常规化,争取早期诊断,早期干预,从而提高病人的生活质量。     

帕金森病非运动症状临床诊治的新进展

非运动症状在PD患者中相当普遍,其主要包括睡眠障碍、神经精神异常、自主神经功能紊乱、感觉障碍等.非运动症状贯穿于PD的整个病程,甚至在运动症状出现之前很久就已经存在,是影响和改变PD患者生存质量和预后的一个关键性因素,但目前其被临床认识得却很不充分.本文总结近年来PD非运动症状的基础研究、流行病学研究以及临床相关研究的最新文献,从病理生理机制、各常见症状的表现和治疗方案等方面对PD非运动症状进行探讨,以期为PD非运动症状的临床诊治提供一些思路和选择.     

帕金森病非运动症状的临床研究

目的 探讨帕金森病(PD)非运动症状(NMS)的发生率、分布情况,及其与PD病情、病程间的关系.方法 用Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y)分期将170例原发性PD患者分为轻度(H-Y 1～2期)、中度(H-Y 2.5～3期)、重度(H-Y 4～5期)3组,同时应用统一PD评分量表UPDRS-Ⅲ、PDNMS 30问卷量表(NMSQuest)、简易精神状态检查(MMSE)量表进行评估,并与102名正常对照者的NMS相比较.结果 PD组伴NMS 168例(98.8%),正常对照组伴NMS 80人(78.4%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).PD组NMSQuest平均得分(11.92 ±5.03)明显高于正常对照组(4.39±3.78);中度组(15.05±4.28)、重度组(14.87±4.23)明显高于轻度组(10.04±4.51)(均P<0.01).PD组NMSQuest以近记忆下降(71.8%)、便秘(68.2%)、注意力下降(62.4%)的发生率最高;NMS的发生与年龄(r=0.235,P<0.05)、性别(r=0.431,P<0.01)、病程(r=0.278,P<0.01)、UPDRS-Ⅲ评分(r=0.440,P<0.01)、H-Y分期(r=0.423,P<0.01)呈正相关;与MMSE评分(r=-0.329,P<0.01)呈负相关;与发病年龄(r=0.094,P>0.05)无相关性.结论 PD患者NMS极其普遍,影响患者的生活质量,需要全面认识和及时干预.     

帕金森病非运动症状的临床特征及影响因素分析

目的探讨帕金森病(PD)非运动症状(NMS)的临床特征及其影响因素。方法选取2014年1月至2016年12月期间共126例PD患者作为研究对象,采用NMS量表对患者进行评估,筛选存在NMS的PD患者,对其NMS进行分析,并对NMS的PD患者与无NMS的PD患者的临床资料进行对比分析,对导致PD患者出现NMS的相关因素进行单因素、多因素Logistics回归分析。结果 126例PD患者中,出现至少一项NMS的患者共有77例(61.11%),主要包括认知功能障碍、精神障碍、睡眠障碍、感觉障碍、自主神经功能障碍。经单因素和多因素Logistics回归分析发现,导致PD患者出现NMS的相关因素主要为临床类型、病情分级、病程。结论 PD患者的非运动症状发生概率相对较高,主要表现为认知功能障碍、精神障碍、睡眠障碍、感觉障碍、自主神经功能障碍,其发生主要与临床类型、病情分级以及病程有关。     

帕金森病患者血清脂联素水平与运动症状及非运动症状的相关性

目的 探讨帕金森病(PD)患者血清脂联素水平与运动症状以及非运动症状的相关性.方法 选取94例PD患者以及90名健康对照者,利用ELISA法检测PD患者及健康对照者血清脂联素水平,并记录PD患者的年龄、多巴丝肼片剂量,并对所有PD患者行帕金森病评价量表第三部分评分(UPDRSⅢ)、Hoehn-Yahr分期、ADL、Webster、疲劳严重度量表(FSS)、匹茨堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、自主神经功能量表(SCOPA-AUT)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评估.结果 PD患者血清脂联素水平为(8.2士2.6)mg/L,明显低于健康对照组的(17.5±7.1)mg/L,且差异有统计学意义(t=-4.12,P＜0.01).脂联素水平与PD患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、H-Y分期、Webster评分、ADL评分及PSQI评分均呈负相关(r分别为-0.71,-0.82,-0.77,-0.64,-0.69;P＜ 0.05).结论 PD患者血清脂联素水平降低,且与PD患者的运动症状及非运动症状均有关.     

帕金森病非运动症状的特点与处理

帕金森病(PD)的非运动症状(NMS)包括神经精神、自主神经等方面的一系列复杂症状,随着运动症状的有效控制,PD的NMS显得更加突出。认识这些NMS将我们对PD的认识带入了新的阶段,准确诊断NMS并及早干预,对改善PD患者的生活质量有重要的意义。本文就目前国内外对PD的NMS认识现状和处理方法作一综述。     

帕金森病非运动症状研究现状

帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)是一种中枢神经系统退行性病变,临床上通常以静止性震颤、运动迟缓、齿轮样肌僵直、姿势反射障碍等运动障碍为主要临床表现.一直以来针对帕金森病的治疗方案是以改善患者的运动症状为主要目标,但PD患者通常还会出现感觉障碍(疼痛等)、睡眠障碍(日间过度睡眠等)、自主神经功能异...     

早期初诊帕金森病患者非运动症状的临床特征及影响因素分析

目的探讨早期帕金森病(PD)患者非运动症状(NMS)的临床特征及影响因素。方法收集门诊首次就诊且发病在1a内的早期PD患者105例和健康对照者100例,采用帕金森病非运动症状调查问卷(NMSQuest)进行NMS评估,结合临床特征等因素分析非运动症状发生的主要影响因素。结果 PD组NMS评分显著高于对照组(P0.05),发生率较高的症状依次为便秘(58例,55.2%)、记忆力下降(51例,48.6%)、情绪低落(43例,40.9%)。回归分析显示,H-Y分级、年龄及PD临床亚型是NMS评分的主要影响因素(P0.05),性别、文化程度、病程则与其无关。结论 NMS在早期PD患者中较常见且临床表现多样,需提高认识并及时干预。     

早期帕金森病患者非运动症状与脑结构异常的观察

目的 分析早期帕金森病(PD)患者非运动症状(NMS)的特点及相关脑灰质结构异常.方法 对34例早期原发性PD患者的NMS数量进行记录,并与年龄、病程、病情严重程度及帕金森病统一评价量表(UPDRSⅢ评分)等进行相关分析.应用3D-T1WI脑容积扫描序列对PD患者与25名健康对照进行扫描,采用基于体素的形态学测量(VBM)方法进行数据处理得到全脑灰质图像.结果 PD组患者NMS数量显著高于对照组,且与年龄、病程及MoCA评分无相关性;与UPDRSⅢ评分、H-Y分期呈正相关;与MMSE呈负相关.PD组患者双侧额叶中下回、双侧岛叶、右侧颞中回、右侧楔叶、舌回;左侧颞上回、颞横回灰质不同程度萎缩,双侧额叶萎缩与NMS评分呈正相关.结论 NMS可在早期PD患者中出现,提示PD是累及多系统的神经系统变性病,且PD患者的NMS数量与脑灰质体积缺失关系密切.     

添加普拉克索治疗对帕金森病患者UPDRS评分及非运动症状的影响分析

目的探讨添加普拉克索治疗对帕金森病患者的统一帕金森病量表(UPDRS)评分及非运动症状的影响,同时观察治疗安全性。方法按照随机数字法分为对照组(71例)和观察组(74例),对照组患者给予复方左旋多巴治疗,观察组患者在使用复方左旋多巴的基础上添加普拉克索治疗,比较两组患者治疗前后UPDRSⅡ、Ⅲ评分及汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)及简易精神状态检查(MMSE)量表评分,比较两组患者的睡眠障碍,感觉异常,尿频尿急,便秘和流涎等非运动症状改善情况,及治疗后各种不良反应发生率。结果治疗后两组患者UPDRSⅡ、Ⅲ评分明显低于治疗前,且观察组显著优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,观察组与对照组相比HAMD评分有明显降低(P0.05),而MMSE评分无明显差异(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者睡眠障碍、感觉异常和尿频尿急的发生率有明显下降、且观察组低于对照组(P0.05),而便秘和流涎的发生率无明显变化(P0.05)。观察组患者的不良反应发生率为(9.46%),对照组患者的不良反应发生率为(16.90%),两组患者差异明显(P0.05)。结论添加普拉克索治疗帕金森病的疗效明显,能提高PD患者的运动功能和日常生活能力,缓解忧郁、焦虑等不良情绪的发生,同时能有效改善患者的部分非部分运动症状,不良反应发生率较低。     

Comparison of sleep and other non-motor symptoms between SWEDDs patients and de novo Parkinson's disease patients

BackgroundSWEDDs (Scans Without Evidence of Dopaminergic Deficits) was defined from a series of pharmaceutical trials on Parkinson's disease (PD). Non-motor features including sleep-related problems are common even in early-stage PD patients; however, little is known about the burden of the non-motor symptoms in SWEDDs patients.MethodsThe Non-motor Symptoms Assessment Scale (NMSS), revised version of the Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS-2), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and EuroQol 5-Dimension (EQ-5D) were applied to evaluate 17 SWEDDs patients and 28 de novo PD patients. The presence of clinically probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (cpRBD) was assessed using the International Classification of Sleep Disorders-Revised (ICSD-R) criteria.ResultsThe total NMSS score for the SWEDDs group was significantly lower than for the de novo PD group (p = 0.032). The most distinct difference was in taste or smell change (p < 0.000). Prevalence of cpRBD was higher in de novo PD patients than in SWEDDs patients (p = 0.030), though no significant differences in the PDSS-2 total score (p = 0.496) or the ESS score (p = 0.517) were found. The SWEDDs patients did not significantly differ from the de novo PD patients with regard to quality of life, as measured by the EQ-5D index score (p = 0.177).ConclusionsThe patients with SWEDDs have less non-motor problems than newly diagnosed untreated PD patients. Given the difficulty distinguishing between SWEDDs and early PD, identifying some of non-motor symptoms, such as RBD or olfactory impairment, could aid clinicians in their work.     

The association between non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease and age at onset

Objective

Age at onset is likely to be related to a wide range of problems in Parkinson's disease (PD), including cardinal motor features, motor complications and non-motor symptoms (NMS). This study investigated the effect of the age at onset on NMS.

Methods

Two hundred and thirty patients were examined and classified into one of three groups based on age at onset: early onset PD (EOPD) group (<45 years), middle-age onset group (45–64 years) and old-age onset group (≥65 years). The trends relating to NMS were compared across the three groups. The EOPD and old-age onset groups were separately studied to determine their association to the appearance of non-motor features using logistic regression analysis.

Results

There were upward trends in the occurrence of dribbling (P = 0.009; all P values are stated for trend), impaired taste/smelling (P = 0.016), constipation (P = 0.006), urinary urgency (P = 0.002), nocturia (P = 0.018), hallucinations (P = 0.016) and acting out during dreams (P = 0.011) with the increase of age at onset. Older age at onset is an independent risk factor for dementia (OR = 8.42, CI 3.16–22.44), dribbling (OR = 4.14, CI 1.93–8.87), impaired taste/smelling (OR = 2.23, CI 1.20–4.13), constipation (OR = 3.42, CI 1.88–6.24), incomplete bowel emptying (OR = 2.23, CI 1.19–4.20), urinary urgency (OR = 2.58 CI 1.46–4.57), nocturia (OR = 2.65, CI 1.49–4.71), hallucinations (OR = 5.32, CI 1.78–15.97), dizziness (OR = 3.03, CI 1.59–5.79), falling (OR = 3.60, CI 1.67–7.77), insomnia (OR = 2.29, CI 1.28–4.11), intense vivid dreaming (OR = 2.10, CI 1.21–3.66) and acting out during dreams (OR = 2.23, CI 1.24–4.01).

Conclusions

PD patients with different ages at onset present clinically different symptoms in terms of NMS. Old-age onset PD is characterized by more olfactory and sensory symptoms, autonomic symptoms, sleep disorders, dementia and psychosis compared to EOPD.     

Relationship between sleep disorders and other non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease

BackgroundThe association between sleep disorders and other non-motor symptoms (NMS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) has been scarcely investigated.ObjectiveTo describe the prevalence of insomnia and hypersomnia in PD and analyze their relationship with other NMS.MethodsCross-sectional, multicenter study including 388 PD patients evaluated with Hoehn and Yahr, Clinical Impression of Severity Index for PD, Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease (SCOPA)-Sleep(S), SCOPA-Cognition, SCOPA-Psychiatric Complications, SCOPA-Autonomic, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and fatigue and pain visual analogue scales. Spearman correlation coefficients, Mann–Whitney test and multiple linear regression analysis were applied.ResultsMean age (54% male) was 65.9 ± 11.2 years old, with disease duration of 8.1 ± 6.0 years and median HY = 2 (range: 1–5). Mean SCOPA-S nocturnal sleep (NS) was 5.4 ± 4.0 (range: 0–15), daytime sleepiness (DS) was 3.76 ± 3.04 (range: 0–15). Most of the sample declared nocturnal or daytime sleep problems (87.4%). Weak-to-moderate correlations were found between sleep disturbances and other NMS (range: 0.14–0.37). SCOPA-S subscales showed higher scores with the presence of most other NMS such as psychiatric complications and autonomic dysfunctions (p < 0.05). Regression models showed that fatigue, depression, urinary, cardiovascular, and thermoregulatory dysfunctions were significant determinants of SCOPA-NS score (variance: 23%); cognitive impairment, urinary, cardiovascular, and pupillomotor disorders influenced SCOPA-DS score (variance: 14%).ConclusionsInsomnia and daytime sleepiness are extremely prevalent in PD. Depression, fatigue, cognitive impairment, cardiovascular, urinary and thermoregulatory dysfunctions may contribute to insomnia/hypersomnia. This is the first clinical study to relate cardiovascular and thermoregulatory dysfunctions with sleep in PD.     

Motor and non-motor symptoms of 1453 patients with Parkinson's disease: Prevalence and risks

PurposeWe examined the prevalence and risk of clinical symptoms in a large number of Japanese patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) (n = 1453; 650 males).MethodsEvents were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier survival curves, logistic regression, and Cox proportional-hazards models.ResultsThe mean age (SD) was 67.7 (10.0), age of onset was 58.0 (11.5), and disease duration was 9.7 (6.6) years. The mean modified Hoehn and Yahr stage was 2.8 (1.2). Most patients (88.9%) received levodopa (547.7 (257.6) mg/day). A large proportion (81.3%) received dopamine agonists (136.2 (140.7) mg/day). About 23.4% received pain treatment 6.9 (5.1) years after the onset; females (p < 0.05) and patients with late-onset PD (≥60 years, p < 0.001) were more likely to be affected. About 44.7% of patients had wearing-off 7.5 (4.7) years after the onset, and it was more common in females (p < 0.001) and patients with early-onset PD (p < 0.001). Camptocormia was found in 9.5% of patients 8.1 (6.2) years after the onset, and it was more common in females (p < 0.05) and patients with late-onset PD (p < 0.05). About 28.6% of patients developed psychosis 9.0 (5.4) years after the onset, and it was more likely to occur in patients with late-onset PD (p < 0.001). Late-onset PD and cerebrovascular disease were also associated with increased risk of pneumonia.ConclusionsConsidering that very few studies have assessed numerous clinical symptoms in the same report, these data provide a useful reference for the clinical course of PD.     

105例帕金森病非运动症状及“鸡尾酒疗法”临床分析

目的分析帕金森病患者接受单药治疗以及"鸡尾酒疗法"前后的非运动症状的出现率,评价单药治疗与"鸡尾酒疗法"对帕金森病非运动症状的有效性。方法 105例患者分别随机给予单药治疗或者"鸡尾酒疗法",通过治疗前后进行改良Hoehn-Yahr分级、按帕金森病评定量表(UPDRS)、健康状况调查问卷(SF-36)、汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)的测定,判断单药治疗比较"鸡尾酒疗法"对帕金森病非运动症状的有效性。结果治疗半年前后,单药治疗与"鸡尾酒疗法"疗效有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论 "鸡尾酒疗法"对于帕金森病的非运动症状的疗效优于单药治疗。     

Rotigotine and specific non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: Post hoc analysis of RECOVER

BackgroundNon-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) represent major causes of morbidity. RECOVER, a randomized controlled trial of rotigotine transdermal system, was the first prospective controlled trial to use the Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) as an exploratory outcome for assessment of treatment effects on non-motor symptoms in PD. Rotigotine improved NMSS total score compared with placebo, and the “Sleep/fatigue” and “Mood/apathy” domains. This post hoc analysis further characterizes the effects of rotigotine on sleep/fatigue and mood/apathy.MethodsPatients with PD and unsatisfactory early-morning motor impairment were randomized to transdermal patches of rotigotine (2–16 mg/24 h) or placebo. Treatment was titrated to optimal dose over 1–8 weeks, maintained for 4 weeks. The NMSS was assessed at baseline and end of treatment. Post hoc analyses are presented for individual items of the “Sleep/fatigue” and “Mood/apathy” domains. The interpretation of p-values is considered exploratory in nature.ResultsOf 287 patients randomized, NMSS data were available for 267 patients (178 rotigotine, 89 placebo). Within the “Sleep/fatigue” domain there was a significant difference, in favor of rotigotine, in change from baseline score in 1 of 5 items: “fatigue (tiredness) or lack of energy” (ANCOVA, p < 0.0001). Within the “Mood/apathy” domain, there were significant differences in favor of rotigotine in 4 of 7 items: “lost interest in surroundings” (p < 0.0001), “lost interest in doing things” (p < 0.0001), “seems sad or depressed” (p < 0.01), and “difficulty experiencing pleasure” (p < 0.05).ConclusionsRotigotine transdermal system may improve non-motor symptoms such as fatigue, symptoms of depression, anhedonia, and apathy in patients with PD; further prospective controlled studies are required to confirm this post hoc analysis.