The absence of a metal-on-metal bearing does not preclude the formation of a destructive pseudotumor in the hip—a case report

4 patients with a mean age of 20 years and isolated congenital radial head dislocation (1 unilateral anterior, 1 unilateral posterior and 2 bilateral anterior dislocations) were all pain-free and had almost normal elbow function.     

侧前路病灶清除植骨和单侧钉棒系统固定治疗腰骶段脊柱结核

目的：评价侧前路病灶清除、植骨和单侧钉棒系统固定治疗腰骶段脊柱结核的临床疗效。方法：2003年8月～2006年3月采用侧前路病灶清除、同侧自体髂骨植骨和单侧钉棒系统固定治疗腰骶段脊柱结核患者11例，其中L5 5例，S1 3例，L5～S1 3例。持续性腰痛8例，伴单侧下肢放射痛6例，单侧下肢肌力和痛、触觉减退5例。结果：术中无大血管和神经损伤等严重并发症发生。术后所有患者腰腿痛基本消失：5例下肢肌力和痛、触觉减退者，4例恢复正常，1例好转。4例术后2～7d出现腹胀不适，1例出现逆行射精。随访6～24个月,平均14个月，均获骨性愈合，无钉棒折断、松动等并发症，9例随访1年以上者无结核复发。结论：侧前路病灶清除、植骨和单侧钉棒系统固定是治疗腰骶段脊柱结核的一种有效手术方法。     

Single level arthrodesis as treatment for midcervical fracture subluxation: a cohort study

Although many different techniques exist for fusion of midcervical facet fracture dislocations, limiting arthrodesis to a single level could have a theoretical advantage: fewer fused segments could lessen long-term negative effects of fusion on adjacent segments. Therefore, we prospectively treated 22 consecutive patients with midcervical fracture dislocation without vertebral body fracture with single level arthrodesis even if anterior/posterior surgery were required. Twelve patients with unilateral facet subluxation underwent anterior cervical discectomy, distraction reduction with Caspar posts (AESCULAP, Tuttlingen, Germany) with allograft fusion and anterior cervical plating. Ten patients with any component of bilateral facet subluxation underwent anterior cervical discectomy, distraction reduction with Caspar posts, allograft fusion and plating followed by posterior lateral mass plating. No patients demonstrated worsening of nerve root or spinal cord function postoperatively. Interbody stability occurred in all cases. Only complications were 4 cases of pneumonia, 1 case of wound leakage, and 1 case of superficial wound infection. Good reduction was achieved for both unilateral and bilateral facet fractures. Single level interbody arthrodesis is safe and effective strategy with both unilateral and bilateral facet fractures. Single level arthrodesis may also offer long-term benefit compared with multilevel fusions.     

Anterior pedicle spreader reduction for unilateral cervical facet dislocation

ObjectiveThe anterior only surgical procedure including discectomy, open reduction and fusion is used as a recommended approach in the treatment of unilateral cervical facet dislocations, but is difficult to achieve satisfactory anterior open reduction by vertebra distractor to spread the facet joints, especially for delayed management of unilateral cervical facet dislocation (7–21 days). The goal of this study was to report an anterior pedicle spreader technique to distract directly the facet joint for anterior reduction and the results of 4 patients with successful application and describe safety.MethodsFour patients with unilateral cervical facet dislocation who failed to open anterior reduction by vertebra spreader procedure were surgically treated by the anterior pedicle spreader reduction. In these 4 patients (3 males and 1 female), the distribution of spine level was from C4/5 to C6/7; the neurological status was comprised 2 patients with ASIA E, 1 with D and 1 with A; the surgical management was ranged from 7 to 18 days. After discectomy, if failed to open anterior reduction procedure, the anterior pedicle spreader was inserted along the pedicle axis with the fluoroscope-assisted view imaging. The spreader was distracted directly to the facet joint and pushed in a caudad direction to achieve posterior translation of the upper segment.ResultsPostoperatively, all patients had obtained successful reduction and satisfactory anatomic sagittal alignment. There was no complication owing to the use of this technique. The ASIA A showed no neurological improvement; the patient with ASIA D was improved neurologically to ASIA E; no ASIA E patients showed neurological deterioration.ConclusionsAnterior pedicle spreader reduction represents an efficacious but technically challenging option for the delayed treatment of unilateral cervical facet dislocation.     

Heavily T2 weighted MR assessment of fornical injury after anterior interhemispheric approach for large suprasellar tumors

Summary  Fornical injury in transforaminal approach is well known. Its injury in the anterior interhemispheric approach (AIA) has been rarely highlighted. We report 2 cases with a large suprasellar tumor who underwent AIA. Postoperative heavily T2 weighted reversed (T2R) MR images demonstrated its unilateral injury. The clinical significance of symptom-free fornical injury after AIA is discussed.  Cases 1 and 2 were a 15 year-old girl with a meningioma and a 49-year-old woman with a craniopharyngioma, respectively. They underwent AIA. Postoperative T2R images revealed unilateral fornical crus atrophy. They did not present associated memory deficits. Case 1 had the injury of both fornical column and anterior commissure. They were speculatively torn by intra-operative lateral retraction of the frontal lobes. Case 2 had unilateral atrophy of the mammillary body and postcommissural fornix, which were probably caused by ischemic damage related to surgical manipulation, since case 2 had an associated anterior thalamic infarct.  During the operation for large suprasellar tumors, excessive laterally directed brain retraction should be avoided, since such manipulation may easily tear the overstretched anterior commissure and fornical column. Once we notice or suspect fornical injury on MR studies in cases of re-operation, we have to choose a surgical approach and operative manipulation to preserve an intact fornix.  The MR evaluation of fornix should be included in the peri-operative radiological assessment, since patients with unilateral fornical injury were free of memory disturbance, and T2R imaging is a useful MR sequence for depicting the anatomy related to the fornix.     

Instrumented measurement of anterior laxity of the knee

We performed instrumented measurement of anterior-posterior laxity of the knee in thirty-three cadaver specimens, 338 normal subjects, and eighty-nine patients with unilateral disruption of the anterior cruciate ligament. The test instrument was the Medmetric knee arthrometer, model KT-2000. We measured total anterior-posterior laxity, produced by anterior and posterior loads of eighty-nine newtons (twenty pounds), and the anterior compliance index. The total anterior-posterior laxity is composed of an anterior displacement and a posterior displacement; these are measured from a testing reference position, defined as the resting position of the knee after applying and then releasing a posterior load of eighty-nine newtons. The anterior compliance index is defined as the anterior displacement between an anterior load of sixty-seven newtons and one of eighty-nine newtons. All tests were performed with the knee held on a thigh support that placed the knee in 20 +/- 5 degrees of flexion. The mean anterior displacement at eighty-nine newtons was 5.7 millimeters in a group of normal subjects and 13.0 millimeters in a group of patients with a disrupted anterior cruciate ligament. Ninety-two per cent of the normal subjects had a left knee-right knee difference in anterior displacement of no more than two millimeters, while 96 per cent of the patients with a unilateral disruption of the anterior cruciate ligament had an injured knee-normal knee difference in anterior displacement of more than two millimeters. Ninety-three per cent of the normal subjects had a difference in the left-right compliance index of no more than 0.5 millimeter, and 85 per cent of the patients with unilateral disruption of the anterior cruciate ligament had a difference in the compliance index of the injured and normal sides of more than 0.5 millimeter.     

Anterior cervical foraminotomy for unilateral radicular disease

STUDY DESIGN: A clinical series of patients with unilateral radiculopathy treated with the anterior cervical foraminotomy procedure. OBJECTIVE: To establish procedural techniques and clinical and radiologic outcomes for the anterior cervical foraminotomy procedure. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Cervical radiculopathy is typically caused by unilateral disc herniation or uncovertebral osteophytes that compress the ventral aspect of the nerve. Direct removal of a cervical lesion causing radicular symptoms without concomitant fusion seems to be an ideal treatment in selected patients. The indications for an anterior cervical neural foraminotomy are limited to unilateral radicular symptoms at one or two levels, with minimal neck pain. METHODS: Twenty-one patients were treated with the anterior cervical neural foraminotomy procedure during a 3-year period with follow-up from 6 to 36 months. There were 13 men and 8 women (age range, 27-58 years). Fourteen patients had symptomatic soft disc herniation, and 7 had uncovertebral osteophytes confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging and/or myelogram and computed tomography. Sixteen patients had a single anterior cervical neural foraminotomy, and 5 had procedures at adjacent levels. RESULTS: Nineteen patients (91%) had improved or resolved radicular symptoms, and 2 (9%) had persistent radicular symptoms necessitating further surgery (one two-level anterior cervical neural discectomy and fusion and one posterior foraminal decompression). CONCLUSIONS: Patients treated with the anterior cervical neural foraminotomy procedure have equivalent or better outcomes than those who undergo current cervical procedures. It appears to be a good alternative procedure for carefully selected patients with unilateral cervical radiculopathy and avoids a fusion of the disc space.     

单侧经皮穿刺脊柱后凸椎体成形术的入路探讨

目的探讨单侧穿刺法行脊柱后凸成形术的手术方法，以减少行手术及射线时相关的损害。方法复习椎骨的解剖形态，确定经椎弓根穿刺进针的路径；对患者45个压缩椎体进行单侧穿刺球囊扩张治疗，观察椎体高度及Cobb角的改变。结果与椎骨矢状面成30°～45°的角度穿刺，均能顺利进针并使针尖到达椎体中部的前份；临床手术按前述方法均可安全完成，椎体前缘、中部高度及Cobb角分别由术前的（1．8土0．3）cm、（1．4±0．4）cm及（28．4±10．2）°改变为术后的（2．2±0．4）cm、（2．3±0．3）cm及（19．2±4．5）°；椎体两侧前缘高度都有所恢复，两侧高度净差值为0．1cm。结论单侧穿刺法行脊柱后凸成形术，能够很好地恢复脊柱的形态，减少术者及患者的射线接触。     

The variable position of the ear in lambdoid synostosis

Isolated unilateral lambdoid craniosynostosis is often confused with posterior positional plagiocephaly because of a general overlap in their clinical presentations; however, distinction between these 2 entities is important because of the differences in appropriate management. Historical literature teaches that ear position is posterior in lambdoid synostosis, whereas it is anterior in positional plagiocephaly. Recently, several cases of anterior ear position in isolated unilateral lambdoid synostosis presented to the Texas Children's Hospital. A review of the cases and literature revealed that there are now 37 cases of unilateral lambdoid synostosis in the literature in which ipsilateral ear position is reported. Twelve cases (32%) had anteriorly displaced ears, 6 cases (16%) were nondisplaced, 7 cases (19%) were displaced posteriorly, 4 cases (11%) anteroinferiorly, 1 case (3%) inferiorly, and 7 cases (19%) posteroinferiorly. Based on this review, it seems that the diagnostic significance of the external ear position is unclear at this point.     

单侧小关节分级切除对腰椎稳定性影响的三维有限元分析

目的研究单侧小关节分级切除对腰椎稳定性的影响。方法采用三维有限元法建立腰椎活动节段（L4～5）的数学力学模型。结果a）在前屈和后伸状态下,各实验切除组与正常对照组无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;b）在左／右侧弯和左／右轴向旋转状态下,小关节切除1／2以上的各组均与正常组有显著性差异（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论a）单侧小关节分级切除对腰椎节段的前屈、后伸稳定性无显著性影响;b）当腰椎小关节切除范围超过1／2,对腰椎节段侧弯运动有显著性影响,尤其以向对侧侧屈为甚;c）当一侧小关节切除超过1／2后,由于失去了小关节和关节囊的限制,导致腰椎活动节段轴向旋转范围增加显著。     

颈椎后纵韧带骨化的治疗方法

从１９８３年８月至１９９１年３月，手术治疗６３例颈韧后纵韧带骨化（ＯＰＬＬ）的患者。手术方法包括前路椎间减压融合，椎体次全切除植骨融合、后路全椎板切除。单开门椎板成形椎管扩大手术、双开门椎板成形椎管扩大手术，及前后路两次手术。随诊６到９６个月，疗效为３９例代。１６例良，优良率８７．２％。本文讨论了前路椎间减压、椎体次全切除及后路椎板成形椎管扩大手术的方法。作者认为对ＯＰＬＬ伴广泛性椎管狭窄者以后路双开门椎板成形椎管扩大手术较为合理。     

经胸骨前入路腔镜甲状腺手术临床分析

目的:探讨经胸骨前入路行腔镜甲状腺手术的方法、适应证及安全性.方法:回顾分析为22例甲状腺疾病患者经胸骨前入路行腔镜甲状腺手术的临床资料.结果:21例成功完成手术,其中腺瘤摘除术4例,单侧腺叶次全切除术12例,双侧腺叶次全切除术5例,1例甲状腺癌中转开放手术,行双侧甲状腺全切除及颈淋巴结廓清术.手术时间70～170mi...     

经后路椎管前方减压治疗陈旧性胸腰椎骨折截瘫

目的：探讨陈旧性胸腰椎骨折截瘫后路椎管前方减压治疗的有效性。方法：59例陈旧性胸腰椎骨折瘫病人,平均伤后22个月,42例曾行椎板切除,经后正中入路,经一侧椎弓板内侧至椎体后缘行椎管前方减压,平均随诊14个月（1－8年）,结果：截瘫恢复率72．9％（43／59）,不全截瘫中术后Frankel分级提高一级或一级以上为84．4％（38／45）;排便功能改善率47％（28／59）,椎管扩大率48％,结论：脊髓前方有压迫的不全截瘫,尤其已行后路手术,留有内固定者,更适用于经后路椎管前方减压,为最大限度减压,椎管一侧压迫为主者,可行单侧椎弓根内侧减压,如椎管前方两侧压迫均重,就行双侧经椎弓根侧减压术。此方法效果满意,创伤小,出血少。     

Low Anterior Interhemispheric Approach – A Narrow Corridor to Aneurysms of the Anterior Communicating Artery

Summary. Summary. Background: Many approaches for clipping anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms are reported in the literature. We describe here a new approach called “low anterior interhemispheric approach” for clipping of ACoA aneurysms. Materials and Methods: A low anterior interhemispheric approach utilizing a unilateral frontal craniotomy flap with minimal unilateral frontal lobe retraction was used in treating four patients harboring an unruptured ACoA aneurysm. The approach axis is directed to the ACoA area itself with minimal exposure to the anterior cerebral vessels. Findings: In all patients, complete neck clipping was possible with minimal brain retraction, without vascular damage and preserved olfaction. Interpretation: This approach is preferred on anatomical grounds for cases of unruptured small and medium sized ACoA aneurysms projecting anteriorly or posteriorly because the anterior communicating artery complex area can be fully visualized with minimal manipulation of the frontal lobes and anterior cerebral arteries.     

Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of soft tissue disruption after flexion-distraction injuries of the subaxial cervical spine

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study was performed with the use of magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate the type and degree of soft tissue disruption associated with flexion-distraction injuries of the subaxial spine. OBJECTIVE: To determine what soft tissue structures are injured in flexion-distraction injuries of the subaxial spine. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Prior published reports of unilateral and bilateral cervical facet dislocations have described the analyzed mechanisms and biomechanics of this injury subtype. No retrospective magnetic resonance imaging analysis of associated soft tissue disruption has been documented. METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging evaluations of the cervical spine were obtained for all patients with a flexion-distraction injury, Stages 2 (unilateral facet dislocation) and 3 (bilateral facet dislocation), between September 1994 and May 1998. Two neuroradiologists, blinded to both clinical and radiographic findings, graded all the soft tissue structures for evidence of attenuation or disruption. The soft tissue structures were graded on a scale of 1 (intact), 2 (indeterminate), or 3 (disrupted). RESULTS: For this study, 48 patients satisfied the inclusion criteria: 25 with unilateral facet dislocation and 23 with bilateral facet dislocation. Disruption to the posterior musculature, interspinous ligament, supraspinous ligament, facet capsule, ligamentum flavum, and posterior and anterior longitudinal ligaments was found in a statistically significant number of patients with bilateral facet dislocation. For most of these structures, disruption was found to be statistically significant in patients with a unilateral facet dislocation, except for the posterior longitudinal ligament, in which significance was not consistently demonstrated using 95% confidence intervals in the binomial testing. In a comparison between unilateral and bilateral facet dislocations using a two-sided Fisher's exact test, it was found that disruption to the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments and the left facet capsule were statistically significant, with all three more prominent in bilateral facet dislocation. A multivariate analysis between unilateral and bilateral facet dislocations showed that disruption to the anterior longitudinal ligament was associated significantly with a bilateral facet dislocation. Disc disruption was found to be associated significantly with both injury types, but was more common in bilateral facet dislocation, although this difference in intergroup comparisons was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral and bilateral facet dislocations of the subaxial spine are associated with damage to numerous soft tissue structures that provide stability to the lower cervical spine. Damage to the posterior longitudinal ligament did not occur consistently in unilateral facet dislocations. Bilateral facet dislocations were associated significantly with disruption to the posterior and anterior longitudinal ligaments and left facet capsule, as compared with unilateral facet dislocations. Magnetic resonance imaging allows visualization of these disruptions.     

Bilateral anterior thalamic nucleus lesions and high-frequency stimulation are protective against pilocarpine-induced seizures and status epilepticus

OBJECTIVE: The thalamus is thought to play an important role in secondary generalization of seizures. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of anterior thalamic nucleus lesions and high-frequency stimulation in the pilocarpine model of secondarily generalized seizures in rats. METHODS: Adult Wistar rats underwent unilateral (n = 7) or bilateral anterior nucleus thalamotomies (n = 10), or unilateral (n = 4) or bilateral (n = 9) anterior thalamic nucleus stimulation through implanted electrodes. Control animals (n = 9) received bilateral implants but no stimulation. Seven days after these procedures, animals were provided pilocarpine (320 mg/kg intraperitoneally) to induce seizures and status epilepticus (SE). Electrographic recordings from hippocampal and cortical electrodes were evaluated, and ictal behavior was assessed. RESULTS: In the control group, 67% of the animals developed SE 15.3 +/- 8.8 minutes after pilocarpine administration. Neither unilateral anterior nucleus lesions nor stimulation significantly reduced the propensity or latency for developing seizures and SE. Bilateral thalamic stimulation did not prevent SE (observed in 56% of the animals), but it significantly prolonged the latency to its development (48.4 +/- 17.7 min, P = 0.02). Strikingly, no animal with bilateral anterior nucleus thalamotomies developed seizures or SE with pilocarpine. CONCLUSION: Bilateral anterior thalamic nuclear complex stimulation and thalamotomies were protective against SE induced by pilocarpine.     

颈椎骨折脱位合并单侧椎动脉损伤的手术治疗

目的探讨合并单侧椎动脉损伤的颈椎骨折脱位的手术治疗风险和临床效果。方法76例合并单侧椎动脉损伤的颈椎骨折脱位患者行前路减压、植骨融合内固定,其中颈椎脱位患者先试行闭合复位,不能复位者,先行后路切开复位,一期再行前路减压、植骨融合。结果76例患者均未出现健侧椎动脉损伤,术前神经功能正常者术后无一例出现神经损害症状,不全瘫患者术后均有不同程度恢复。结论合并单侧椎动脉损伤的颈椎骨折脱位进行合理的手术治疗具有良好的效果。     

Simultaneous bilateral anterior hips

The purpose of this study was to compare a matched series of simultaneous bilateral anterior THA and unilateral anterior THA. 109 patients undergoing bilateral surgery were matched to a group of 218 patients undergoing unilateral surgery. In-hospital and 30-day complications were recorded. Bilateral patients did not experience an increased complication rate. Bilateral patients sustained greater blood loss with a higher likelihood of transfusion, but with attention to blood loss and hemoglobin, there was no higher incidence of complications in the bilateral group, and bilateral total hip arthroplasty was performed safely.     

Technical note: unilateral posterior resection of cervical disc and spondylostenosis with contralateral fusion for instability

BACKGROUND: Posterior cervical unilateral diskectomy and decompression for stenosis with instability may be successfully stabilized with contralateral diskectomy and fusion. METHODS: A 49-year-old male with a left-sided C8 radiculopathy had dynamic X-ray, MR, and CT studies that documented an old anterior diskectomy and fusion at the C5-C6 level, and a new left-sided foraminal disc herniation at the C7-T1 level with instability, accompanied by C6-T1 spondylostenosis. Following left-sided C6-T1 laminectomies with excision of C7-T1 disc, a contralateral right-sided C5-T2 fusion was performed with fibula strut allograft wired to the spinous processes using titanium cable and iliac crest autograft. RESULTS: X-ray and 2D CT studies performed 3 and 6 months postoperatively confirmed adequate unilateral decompression of stenosis with disc removal and contralateral fusion. Within three weeks of surgery, the patient had no residual neurological deficit. Three years later, he remained intact, and X-ray studies continued to demonstrate spinal stability. CONCLUSIONS: A unilateral C7-T1 disc herniation with instability accompanied by C6-T1 spondylostenosis were successfully managed with unilateral decompression and disc excision followed by contralateral fusion.     

Maintained unilateral analgesia

We describe a case of a patient subjected to what proved to be an epidural puncture with catheter placement resulting in persistent unilateral analgesia. The epidurographic study by contrast medium injection through the catheter showed unilateral distribution of the contrast following the cranio-caudal axis in the anterior epidural space.