腹腔镜与开腹肝切除术治疗肝细胞癌临床疗效的真实世界比较研究

背景与目的：目前,腹腔镜肝切除术治疗肝细胞癌(HCC)的适应证已逐渐趋同于开腹肝切除术,腹腔镜肝切除术的可行性、安全性、有效性也逐步得到证实。但在手术方式的选择上外科医师往往存在选择偏倚,故腹腔镜和开腹肝切除术的选择也有待在不同的人群和医学中心仔细评估,且时至今日,仍有学者对腹腔镜肝切除术的不良肿瘤学结局心存疑虑。因此,本研究分析比较腹腔镜与开腹肝切除术治疗HCC的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析2016年1月1日—2020年12月31日在中南大学湘雅医院517例因HCC施行肝切除术的患者临床资料。其中,196例行腹腔镜肝切除术(腹腔镜组),321例行开腹肝切除术(开腹手术组)。分析比较两组患者一般资料、围手术期情况及随访指标。结果：一般资料中,腹腔镜组与开腹手术组患者的肿瘤分期、肿瘤直径、术前白蛋白水平及肝切除部位方面的差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),其余差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。围手术期指标中,腹腔镜组的中位术中出血量(200.00 mL vs. 300.00 mL)、术后中位住院时间(6 d vs. 8 d)、术后肝功能恢复、术后并发症发生率(6.63%vs....     

我国腹腔镜肝切除术近10年进展与发展趋势

随着腹腔镜肝切除术的推广普及,其手术适应证也从最初的肝脏局部切除术扩大到肝大部切除术,同时也取得了不亚于开腹肝切除术的治疗效果。近10年来,腹腔镜肝切除手术技术不断提高,相关器械不断发展,理论体系不断完善。以“精准肝切除”理念指导的腹腔镜肝切除术目前受到越来越多的关注,腹腔镜肝切除术也正朝着标准化和规范化的目标发展。     

中国大陆腹腔镜肝切除术发展历史及现状

自1994年周伟平教授在国内开展腹腔镜肝切除以来,中国大陆腹腔镜肝切除术经历了早期尝试、快速发展、推广及规范化阶段,国内腹腔镜肝切除技术逐步成熟并规范化。本文就我国大陆腹腔镜肝切除的发展历史过程及现状进行综述,尤其在腹腔镜肝切除早期发展阶段,腹腔镜肝切除术的切肝技术、止血技术及适应证与禁忌证的演变等进行详细综述,以总结国内腹腔镜肝切除发展历程,同时总结国内目前腹腔镜肝切除术的现状及未来的发展趋势。     

吲哚菁绿荧光引导腹腔镜解剖性肝段切除术

肝细胞癌的发病率及病死率居高不下。我国肝细胞癌患者常同时伴有病毒性肝炎甚至肝硬化,术前肝功能及肝脏储备功能不佳,因此,对手术方式及切除范围有较高要求。解剖性肝切除术是目前治疗肝细胞癌的有效方法,有利于患者的远期疗效。解剖性肝切除术不同于规则性肝切除术,其可以在完整切除癌灶的同时最大限度地保留肝实质,理论上是肝细胞癌的最佳手术治疗方案。随着腹腔镜肝切除术的发展与进步,实现了腹腔镜解剖性肝段切除,但判断肝段之间的界面仍非常困难。采用吲哚菁绿荧光引导腹腔镜解剖性肝段切除术安全、可行,有助于外科医师对肝段之间界面的识别和肝脏外科医师安全、规范地行腹腔镜解剖性肝段切除术。     

重视腹腔镜肝切除手术的安全性

腹腔镜肝切除术治疗肝脏良恶性肿瘤的疗效已被广泛认可。然而,由于肝脏解剖变异多,腹腔镜操作复杂、难度较大的原因,腹腔镜肝切除安全性问题一直是制约其进一步发展和普及的瓶颈所在。在精准肝切除理念快速发展的时代,把握“肿瘤、解剖流域平面及重要脉管的可视化”、“围手术期肝功能、储备功能及剩余肝脏体积评估的可量化”、“术中切缘、出血、损伤及功能的可控化”、“复杂腹腔镜肝切除流程的标准化”4个关键要素,兼顾肿瘤学和外科学的治疗原则,制定同质化的规范术式,是安全有效开展腹腔镜肝切除术的关键。     

腹腔镜肝切除术关键技术、难点及对策

近年来,腹腔镜肝切除术发展迅速,成果斐然。由于器械的研制、技术的创新、术式的发展,其手术适应证不断拓宽,良恶性病灶甚至供体肝脏都能在腹腔镜下实施切除;腹腔镜肝切除的范围不断扩大,己由浅表病变的肝局部切除扩大到半肝乃至更大范围的解剖性切除。但腹腔镜肝切除术仍处于发展成熟阶段,缺乏标准术式、术中出血不易控制以及手术人员培养周期较长等问题制约着腹腔镜肝切除术的进一步发展。建立一个高效的培训体系,培养腹腔镜肝切除术专科医生,掌握出血控制、肝脏实质离断等关键技术,规范化实施腹腔镜肝切除术操作,是腹腔镜肝切除术普及和推广的关键。     

腹腔镜肝脏切除术的进展

腹腔镜肝切除术己积累了20多年的经验.随着近些年腹腔镜手术技术及外科医生对肝脏解剖和生理特征的认识提高.腹腔镜肝切除术已经有了飞速的发展.国内外有大量成功手术的报道,同时腹腔镜在肝切除术中的应用也改变了对肝脏病变的传统外科处理观点.     

腹腔镜肝切除术治疗肝癌的关键技术与实践

近年来腹腔镜肝切除术治疗肝癌的报道例数迅速增加。越来越多的研究证实腹腔镜肝切除术治疗肝癌具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少等优点,其手术时间、手术切缘及远期疗效与开腹手术相当。本文结合我们实践体会,介绍腹腔镜肝切除术治疗肝癌的关键技术。选择适宜患者、合理布孔、精确定位肿瘤、制定恰当切线、选择性血流阻断、精细的肝实质离断、积极预防出血及严格的无瘤原则是腹腔镜肝切除术治疗肝癌成功的关键。     

腹腔镜肝切除的研究进展

目前,腹腔镜技术已广泛应用于各个领域,但由于肝脏功能和解剖的复杂性及断肝器械的限制,腹腔镜肝切除术发展相对较慢,还处于探索阶段,相信随着技术的发展及器械的改进,腹腔镜肝切除术将有更广阔的前景。本文将对腹腔镜肝切除术作一综述。     

中国腹腔镜肝癌手术20年回顾与展望

经过20多年发展,腹腔镜肝切除技术已经成熟。我们根据腹腔镜肝切除普及程度、切除范围、出血量等,将中国腹腔镜肝切除划分为以下4个阶段:腹腔镜肝切除探索期、成长期、推广期、成熟期。目前腹腔镜肝段及联合肝段切除、巨大肝癌切除已经成为常规手术。术中超声与荧光染色技术也得到普及。腹腔镜肝癌切除术后的预后也得到证实。如何规范我国的腹腔镜肝切除将会成为我们重要的工作方向。本文就上述问题做一概述,并对腹腔镜肝切除未来发展提出思路,以期进一步推动我国腹腔镜肝切除的技术进步。     

中国腹腔镜肝癌手术需要规范的几个问题

我国是世界范围内的肝癌大国，发病和死亡病例占全球一半以上，目前手术切除仍是治疗肝癌的首选方法。近年来，随着手术器械的进步和医生技术水平的提高，肝癌手术切除逐渐呈微创趋势。腹腔镜下肝癌手术因腹壁切口小、术后恢复快，其有效性和安全性已得到普遍认可。但出于肝癌手术的多变性和复杂性，腹腔镜下肝癌手术在具体临床应用上仍有许多内容需要进一步规范。腹腔镜下肝癌手术需要注意的问题包括适应证选择、流程选择、围手术期处理等。针对腹腔镜下肝癌手术，必须全面考虑患者身体状况、治疗创伤、安全性、有效性和费用等多个因素，完善腹腔镜下肝癌手术的操作规范，使手术更加安全有效，使患者获益“最大化”。     

The metabolic and immune response to laparoscopic vs open liver resection

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic liver surgery is a field in its infancy, and scientific evidence of its benefits over those of traditional open techniques has not been shown. Various applications from wedge resections to formal segmental resections have been reported, but the technical ability does not necessarily translate into improved patient outcomes. There is an abundance of evidence reflecting the benefits of laparoscopic cholecystectomy [9, 12, 23], and some of these benefits have been linked to the decreased metabolic and immune responses involved [24, 27]. There is also accumulating evidence that tumor growth may be slower after laparoscopic surgery than after comparable open surgery, and that this is a result of less immune suppression [1]. It is not known whether laparoscopic liver surgery will convey similar benefits. METHODS: In this study, 14 pigs were assigned randomly to undergo a liver resection either by a laparoscopic or an open approach. Operative stress was assessed via cortisol, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein. The immune response was evaluated through delayed-type hypersensitivity skin antigen testing. Adhesion formation also was assessed at 6 weeks. RESULTS: Immune response as measured by delayed-type hypersensitivity is better preserved after laparoscopic than after open liver resection. The average diameter of induration was 46% greater in the laparoscopic group (20.71 +/- 2.7 mm versus 14.14 +/- 1.5 mm). Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor levels showed a significantly greater rise after open surgery. No difference was observed in the levels of C-reactive protein or cortisol. Adhesion formation was considerably less after laparoscopic resection. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic liver resection results in a diminished stress response, as compared with that of open resection, which translates into greater preservation of immune function. This finding may well have a beneficial effect on infection and tumor growth.     

机器人肝脏切除手术的临床现状与研究进展

随着外科手术器械和腹腔镜技术的不断发展,肝脏外科已经进入微创外科和精准外科时代。机器人辅助肝脏切除术已包含几乎所有传统开腹手术的适应证。目前临床研究显示,与开腹手术和传统腹腔镜手术相比,达芬奇手术机器人在肝脏切除术中的应用是安全、可行的。本文综合文献报道及临床实践,针对达芬奇机器人在肝脏切除术的临床现状和研究进展做一综述。     

现代腹腔镜下肝脏手术的应用进展

经过20多年的发展,随着技术及外科医生对肝脏解剖和生理特征的认识提高,腹腔镜肝切除术有了质的飞跃,报道日益增多,成功有效的断肝是腹腔镜肝脏切除术的关键.术前选择好适应证,术中注意出血栓塞,借助于手助腔镜或中转开腹,恰当行肝血流阻断已达到精准肝切除.特作一综述.     

Laparoscopic liver resection: Experience based guidelines

Laparoscopic liver resection(LLR) has been progressively developed along the past two decades. Despite initial skepticism, improved operative results made laparoscopic approach incorporated to surgical practice and operations increased in frequency and complexity. Evidence supporting LLR comes from case-series, comparative studies and meta-analysis. Despite lack of level 1 evidence, the body of literature is stronger and existing data confirms the safety, feasibility and benefits of laparoscopic approach when compared to open resection. Indications for LLR do not differ from those for open surgery. They include benign and malignant(both primary and metastatic) tumors and living donor liver harvesting. Currently, resection of lesions located on anterolateral segments and left lateral sectionectomy are performed systematically by laparoscopy in hepatobiliary specialized centers. Resection of lesions located on posterosuperior segments(1, 4a, 7, 8) and major liver resections were shown to be feasible but remain technically demanding procedures, which should be reserved to experienced surgeons. Hand-assisted and laparoscopy-assisted procedures appeared to increase the indications of minimally invasive liver surgery and are useful strategies applied to difficult and major resections. LLR proved to be safe for malignant lesions and offers some short-term advantages over open resection. Oncological results including resection margin status and long-term survival were not inferior to open resection. At present, surgical community expects high quality studies to base the already perceived better outcomes achieved by laparoscopy in major centers' practice. Continuous surgical training, as well as new technologies should augment the application of lap-aroscopic liver surgery. Future applicability of new technologies such as robot assistance and image-guided surgery is still under investigation.     

腹腔镜在肝脏肿瘤切除手术中的应用

目前应用腹腔镜切除肝脏良、恶性肿瘤的手术已经被广泛开展.同开腹手术一样,解剖入路的选择、术中控制出血的能力非常重要,这也和腹腔镜技术的进展密切相关.本文回顾了一系列关于腹腔镜切除肝脏良、恶性肿瘤的文献,目的是探讨目前的标准和仍然面对的挑战.对于有经验的医师,在仔细挑选的患者中实施腹腔镜肝切除是可行的和安全的.和开腹手术相比,微创手术在围手术期间的短期预后要更好,而长期的肿瘤学结果不受影响.这些结论需要进一步的随机试验来证实,同时要规范适应证的选择和加强腔镜技术的培训.     

Complications of Liver Resection: Laparoscopic Versus Open Procedures

Background and Objective:

Minimally invasive surgery for liver resection remains controversial. This study was designed to compare open versus laparoscopic surgical approaches to liver resection.

Methods:

We performed a single-center retrospective chart review.

Results:

We compared 45 laparoscopic liver resections with 17 open cases having equivalent resections based on anatomy and diagnosis. The overall complication rate was 25.8%. More open resection patients had complications (52.9% vs 15.5%, P < .008). The conversion rate was 11.1%. The mean blood loss was 667.1 ± 1450 mL in open cases versus 47.8 ± 89 mL in laparoscopic cases (P < .0001). Measures of intravenous narcotic use, intensive care unit length of stay, and hospital length of stay all favored the laparoscopic group. Patients were more likely to have complications or morbidity in the open resection group than in the laparoscopic group for both the anterolateral (P < .085) and posterosuperior (P < .002) resection subgroups.

Conclusion:

In this series comparing laparoscopic and open liver resections, there were fewer complications, more rapid recovery, and lower morbidity in the laparoscopic group, even for those resections involving the posterosuperior segments of the liver.     

腹腔镜肝肿瘤切除中转开腹的影响因素分析

目的:探究腹腔镜肝肿瘤切除中转开腹的影响因素,为患者术式选择提供参考。方法:回顾分析2015年12月至2018年11月于宁波市医疗中心李惠利医院东部院区行腹腔镜肝肿瘤切除术的222例患者资料,其中男性146例,女性76例,平均年龄58.1岁。按术中是否中转开腹分为中转开腹组( n＝24)和腹腔镜组( ...     

结直肠癌伴不可切除的同时性肝转移的腹腔镜治疗

目的:探讨结直肠癌伴有同时性不可切除肝转移灶的腹腔镜治疗的可行性及临床应用价值。方法:回顾分析2011年6月至2012年12月31例结直肠癌伴不可切除的同时性肝转移患者的临床资料及随访结果。按原发灶手术切除方式分为两组,A组行开腹手术切除结直肠癌原发灶(n=18),B组行腹腔镜手术(n=13)。术后均采取mFOLFOX6方案化疗。对比分析两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、术后住院时间、术后接受首次化疗时间及治疗效果。结果:31例均成功施行结直肠癌切除术,腹腔镜组无一例中转开腹及严重并发症发生。术后患者行mFOLFOX6方案化疗至少2个周期。经统计学分析发现,两组患者手术时间、治疗效果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但腹腔镜组术中出血量明显减少(P<0.01),术后排气时间明显缩短(P<0.05),术后住院时间明显减少(P<0.05),术后接受首次化疗的时间明显缩短(P<0.05)。结论:对于不可切除的同时性结直肠癌肝转移患者,行腹腔镜原发肿瘤切除是安全、可行的;与开腹手术相比,腹腔镜手术治疗结直肠癌伴不可切除的同时性肝转移,在切除原发灶的手术中具有出血量少、创伤小、术后肠功能恢复快、住院时间明显缩短并促进术后早期化疗等优势。腹腔镜手术对原发肿瘤及转移灶的治疗效果与开腹手术无明显差别,具有良好的临床应用价值。