人胰腺癌移植性转移动物模型的建立及研究进展

胰腺癌易局部侵犯和早期转移。研究其转移机制及探索新的治疗方法目前主要依赖对胰腺癌转移的细胞分子生物学机制的认识以及建立临床相关的动物模型。本文综述胰腺癌移植性转移动物模型的建立方法和特点,并简要介绍近年来国外一些新技术在检测胰腺癌转移动物模型体内微转移灶中的应用。     

裸鼠胰腺癌动物模型及其应用进展

胰腺癌恶性度较高，预后差，死亡率列癌症死亡第4位，平均5年生存率〈5％，其临床表现无特异性，早期诊断和手术切除困难。临床上很难获得新鲜的、不同时期的胰腺癌组织标本，更不可能在临床上观察其发生发展过程。随着裸鼠移植瘤细胞系的建立，通过建立胰腺癌实验动物模型，可为深入探讨胰腺癌的发生发展、浸润转移机制及治疗奠定基础。     

外分泌胰腺癌的动物模型(综述文献)

建立与人类胰腺癌相似的动物模型,可为进一步探讨胰腺癌的发生和发展提供实验研究基础,本文综合了国外近年来的资料,概述了外分泌胰腺癌动物模型的建立过程.     

非协调性异种肝移植动脉化动物模型的建立

本研究旨在建立豚鼠至大鼠异种肝移植动脉化动物模型 ,观察移植肝的超急性排斥反应 ,现将结果报道如下。一、材料和方法1.动物 :供体为荷兰豚鼠 ,购自上海铁道医学院华亭实验动物养殖场 ,14 0～160 ｇ。受体为雄性ＳＤ大鼠 ,购自中国科学院上海实验动物中心 ,190～ 2 2 0 ｇ。术前不禁食水。2 .移植手术 :(1)供体手术 :供受体均为清洁手术 ,乙醚开放吸入麻醉 ,结扎均用 7 0尼龙线。手术在ＳＸＥ 1型手术显微镜 (上海医用光学仪器厂 )下进行 ,单人操作。豚鼠取上腹部横切口 ,游离肝脏 ,结扎左侧膈静脉。右肾上腺静脉结扎后剪断。游离下腔静脉…     

诱导胰腺癌细胞凋亡研究进展

目前，主要通过药物或特殊类型化合物和基因治疗两种途径来诱导胰腺癌细胞凋亡。本文就这两个方面的最新进展作一综述。     

大鼠小肠移植动物模型研究进展

小肠移植（SBT）虽然已开展40余年，但由于手术技术、免疫排斥、感染等原因，成功率远低于其他脏器移植，因此建立可靠、重复性好的实验动物模型是非常重要的，其中大鼠小肠移植是应用和研究最广泛的动物模型，[第一段]     

骨肿瘤动物模型研究的进展

一、制作方法1.化学诱导 :将硅酸锌铍、氧化铍、甲基胆蒽 (ｍｅｔｈｙｌ ｃｈｏｌ ａｎｔｈｒａｃｅｎｅ)、Ｎ 羟基 2 乙酰胺芴的铜螯合物 (ｃｕｐｒｉｏ ｃｈｅｔａｌｅｄ Ｎ ｈｙｄｒｏｘｙ 2’ ａｃｅｔｙｌａｍｉｎｏ ｆｌｕｏ ｒｅｎｅ,4ＨＡＱＯ)、4 羟氨基奎啉 1 氧化物(4 ｈｙｄｒｏｘｙａｍｉｎｏ ｇｕｉｎｏｌｉｎｅ 1 ｏｘｉｄｅ)等化学物质以一定浓度每日 1次注射于动物肌肉内 ,经 40周以上可诱导出恶性骨肿瘤。化学诱导模型目前应用极少 ,可能与这类制作方法所需时间太长有关。2 .放射性核素诱导 :几乎所有趋骨性放射性核素…     

外分泌胰腺癌的动物模型

建立与人类胰腺癌相似的动物模型，可为进一步探讨胰腺癌的发生和发展提供实验研究基础，本文综合了国外近年来的资料，概述了外分泌胰腺癌动物模型的建立过程。     

光动力治疗胰腺癌的现状及展望

胰腺癌因其确诊晚及侵袭转移特性而预后很差，５年生存率仅１０％，手术切除率在２０％左右。目前的姑息性治疗，如短路手术、化疗、１２５Ｉ植入及术中放疗等手段并不能明显延长生存期。多程式的治疗方案虽能在一定程度上控制肿瘤生长和延长生存期，但疼痛缓解率仅４５％～６０％，且有可能引起肝衰、胃出血、溃疡等严重并发症。所以寻找对肿瘤选择性高，副作用小的治疗方法成为当前肿瘤治疗研究中的热点。光动力治疗（ｐｈｏｔｏｄｙｎａｍｉｃｔｈｅｒａｐｙ，ＰＤＴ）自１８９８年被用于治疗皮肤疾患至今已有近百年历史，但进展较慢。Ｗ…     

胰腺癌神经侵犯研究进展

神经侵犯是胰腺癌侵袭的一种重要方式,最新研究表明,胰腺癌的神经侵犯是在相关基因序贯作用下,通过细胞信号转导,调控特异性的生长因子、黏附分子、基质金属蛋白酶等相关系统的生成和变化,最终导致了癌细胞对神经组织的侵犯.本文就胰腺癌神经侵犯研究进展作一综述.     

胰腺癌血清肿瘤标志物的研究进展

胰腺癌治疗效果差,其重要原因就是早期诊断率低.血清肿瘤标志物以其独特的优势成为筛查胰腺癌患者最理想的检测方法.随着蛋白组学的发展,研究发现了很多新的血清肿瘤标志物,如载脂蛋白Apo A- Ⅱ、Apo C-Ⅰ、MBL2、MLCK2、REG4蛋白等.本文将就胰腺癌血清肿瘤标志物的研究进展作一综述.     

Cigarette smoke-induced pancreatic damage—experimental data

Background and aims Epidemiological data clearly indicate that cigarette smoking is associated with an increased risk for developing chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Despite of this clear epidemiological correlation, cigarette smoke-induced pancreatic damage has only been investigated in a small number of experimental studies. Methods Experimental studies examining the effect of cigarette smoke or cigarette smoke constituents on the pancreas were reviewed. Results Recent data indicate that smoking also induces chronic pancreatic inflammation in rodents within a period of 12 weeks upon exposure with environmental cigarette smoke. Supported by the finding that morphologic pancreatic damage is also induced by nicotine treatment, cigarette smoke-induced pancreatic damage is likely to be caused by a disturbance of regulation of exocrine pancreas. The morphological alterations, however, induced by nicotine, are less pronounced and therefore, other substances and pathophysiologic mechanisms, such as carcinogen action or cigarette smoke-induced reduction of anti-protease activity, are likely to aggravate pancreatic damage upon cigarette smoke inhalation. Conclusion These data indicate that several constituents of cigarette smoke induce a disturbance of pancreatic function. This multifactorial event induces morphologic pancreatic damage upon cigarette smoke exposure in rodents. Presented at the International Symposium Pancreatic Cancer—Advances and Challenges, September 7th–9th 2006, Reisensburg, Ulm, Germany.     

环状RNA在胰腺癌中的诊断及治疗作用的研究进展

胰腺癌是一种起病隐匿、早期诊断困难、发展迅速并且预后极差的消化系统恶性肿瘤。胰腺癌诊治的关键是早期发现和确诊,进行相关标志物的风险评估,并给予及时的干预以预防恶化,这些都将对胰腺癌的诊治产生正面积极的作用。环状RNA(circRNAs)是一种共价闭合环状结构的非编码RNA,具有结构稳定、高度保守性及特异性表达的特性,是...     

胰腺星形细胞在胰腺癌中的作用

胰腺癌是常见的消化道恶性肿瘤之一,因早期诊断困难,恶性程度高,手术切除率低,并对化放疗均不敏感,故预后极差.其病理特征之一是肿瘤中有大量的结缔组织形成反应.而胰腺星形细胞(PSCs)在这一反应中起重要作用,并通过与胰腺癌细胞的相互作用,对胰腺癌细胞的增生、侵袭和转移有重要作用.本文就PSCs在胰腺癌发展中的作用及机制作一综述.     

三种鼠胰腺癌动物模型的建立

目的 探索建立3种不同类型的鼠胰腺癌动物模型,基于核磁共振代谢组学技术发现鼠及人类胰腺癌的生物标志物.方法 模型1:人胰腺癌细胞株2×106个/只接种于裸鼠皮下,建立裸鼠皮下植入人胰腺癌细胞动物模型;模型2:取成模的皮下荷瘤鼠肿瘤组织,剪成1 mm3小粒后植入裸鼠胰体尾处被膜下,建立裸鼠胰腺原位植癌动物模型;模型3:将致癌剂7,12-二甲基苯并蒽(DMBA)混悬液以10 mg/100 g注入仓鼠胰腺体部被膜下,术组乙醇饮水,建立DMBA胰腺原位诱癌动物模型.结果 裸鼠皮下植入人胰腺癌细胞动物模型组成瘤率为100％;裸鼠胰腺原位植癌动物模型组成瘤率为90％;DMBA胰腺原位诱癌动物模型成瘤率为43％ (13/30).结论 建立了成熟可靠的各种鼠胰腺癌模型.     

Hereditary factors in pancreatic cancer

The incidence and the mortality rates for pancreatic cancer are the same, indicating its dismal outlook. Its natural history remains elusive. Cigarette smoking appears to be the most significant environmental culprit. Hereditary factors may account for approximately 5% of the total pancreatic cancer burden. However, when its extant heterogeneity and the reduced penetrance of causal germline mutations are considered, the hereditary incidence may significantly exceed this estimate. Even when endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), the gold standard for pancreatic cancer screening, is utilized, early detection with surgical cure has rarely been accomplished. Needed to ameliorate this problem is research into genetic and environmental risk factors and their interaction. The identification of tumor biomarkers which signal early pathogenetic events, thereby enabling pancreatic cancer to be diagnosed at its earliest possible stage before it has spread to regional lymph nodes or to more distant sites, will improve the outlook. We discuss our research approaches to this problem. Members of families with the p16 germline mutation will undergo EUS coupled with the collection of pancreatic juice for the study of a possible gradient for telomerase activity, K-ras mutations, and cytology. If changes in these putative biomarkers are observed, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) would be the next diagnostic step. We conclude with a discussion of ethical concerns about this research. Received: April 23, 2001 / Accepted: May 11, 2001     

Trends in treatment for pancreatic cancer

Although surgical resection is considered to be the only approach that offers a possibility of cure to patients with pancreatic cancer, the prognosis of the disease has not been improved markedly by any surgical procedures in the past 20 years. Large-scale randomized prospective clinical trials are being conducted in the United States and Italy, comparing standard lymph node dissection with extended lymph node dissection. Although preoperative chemoradiation has various advantages in the treatment of pancreatic cancer, it does not contribute to its downstaging and eventual cure. The combination of leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and extracorporeal irradiation, however, has been proven to improve the patient's quality of life (QOL). Palliative surgery still requires further research in areas such as the examination of morbidity rates and the duration of bypass effects, now that laparoscopic and endoscopic surgery have both been well developed. Recent biological research has revealed the mechanisms of the carcinogenesis and the progression of pancreatic cancer, and, against this background, we assume that more effective trials will be conducted soon. Immunotherapy with dendritic cells, as well as gene therapy with mutant adenovirus, has already been employed clinically. Pancreatic cancer therapy is now facing new prospects. Received: February 15, 2001 / Accepted: April 10, 2001     

胰管结石与并发胰腺癌

目的 提高胰管结石及合并胰腺癌的诊治水平。方法 报告1979－2000年间43例胰管结石其中8例合并胰癌的临床资料。结果 病因学以性胰腺炎及蛋白质－热卡－营养不良性胰腺炎（热带性胰腺炎）为主，主要症状是腹痛、腰背痛、内外分泌功能障碍，结合BUS，CT，ERCP等影像学诊断依据，如果近期症状加重－－严重腰背痛，出现黄疸，BUS，CT有胰占位，血CEA升高，应考虑癌变。结论 胰管空肠侧侧吻合是首选治疗，如胰头结石取不净，伴有黄疸或术后疼痛消除不明显，可加行胰头切除，癌变者则行胰十二指肠切除或胰体尾部切除术。     

胰十二指肠切除术治疗胰腺癌的研究进展

胰腺癌因极高的复发率和转移率,其5年生存率较低,外科手术仍是目前治疗胰腺癌的有效手段.随着人们对胰腺癌认识的加深,胰腺癌的术式也在不断地提高与完善,近几年,腹腔镜技术的迅猛发展,使微创外科也越来越多的应用到胰腺癌的治疗当中,本文对近年来胰腺癌部分术式的研究进展做一综述.