HIV感染者的血液学检测分析与研究

目的:对HIV感染者做相关的血液学检测,分析HIV感染者合并感染乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)的现状及其预后,为揭示HIV、HBV、HCV混合感染的规律,为预防、治疗及判断HIV混合感染的预后提供科学依据.方法:按照国家检验标准,对我市120例HIV感染者进行CD4 、CD8 T淋巴细胞计数,丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)检测,HBV五项、抗HCV检测,检测结果做相关性和差异性统计学分析.结果:120例HIV感染者中,合并HBV、HCV感染者71例,占所有HIV感染者的59.17%,其中合并HBV感染者50例,占HIV感染者的41.67%,合并HCV感染者39例,占HIV感染者32.5%.HIV/HBV、HIV/HCV、HIV/HBV/HCV 3种合并感染者的CD4 T淋巴细胞计数明显低于HIV单一感染者(P均＜0.05),HIV/HCV、HIV/HBV/HCV混合感染者的ALT、AST异常比例明显高于HIV单一感染(P均＜0.05).结论:HIV感染者合并HBV、HCV感染现状严重.HIV合并感染肝炎病毒后,可以加速肝脏和免疫系统的损害,导致HIV感染者更高的发病率和死亡率,加快HIV感染者疾病的进程,降低抗逆转录病毒治疗(HAART)的效果,应引起更多的重视,尽早采取措施,提高HIV感染者的防治效果.     

艾滋病感染者/患者合并感染乙肝病毒、丙肝病毒、梅毒的检测与分析

目的 通过实验室检测146例艾滋病感染者/患者(HIV/AIDS)合并感染乙肝病毒(HBV)、丙肝病毒(HCV)、梅毒螺旋体(TP)的状况及多重感染对HIV/AIDS的影响,为HIV/AIDS的防控和综合治疗提供科学依据. 方法 采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测HIV/AIDS血液中HBV、HCV、TP的相应抗体;用流式细胞仪检测HIV感染者全血中的CD4/CD8细胞,检测结果分组,组间比较采用卡方检验. 结果 146例HIV/AIDS合并HCV感染98例,感染率(67.12％);合并梅毒感染47例,感染率(32.19％);合并HBV感染33例,感染率(22.60％).122例多重合并感染者发病74例,发病率60.66％;单纯HIV感染者24例,发病5例,发病率20.83％. 结论 HCV是HIV/AIDS常见合并感染的病原体,在其治疗的同时要做好护肝保肝的工作,综合治疗.     

慢性HCV/HIV合并感染对血清锌的影响

目的评估与丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)单感染、人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)单感染相比,HCV/HIV合并感染者体内血清锌的含量变化及意义。方法采用原子吸收分光光度法检测并比较河南某村HCV单感染(129人)、HIV单感染(66人)、HCV/HIV合并感染者(98人)和健康对照者(84人)血清中微量元素锌的含量变化。结果 HCV单感染者、HIV单感染者、HCV/HIV合并感染者和健康对照者血清锌的含量分别为(12.33±1.87)、(11.85±2.79)、(11.70±2.04)、(12.93±2.03)?mol/L。与健康对照者相比,HCV/HIV合并感染者、HCV单感染者、HIV单感染者血清锌的含量均显著降低。HCV/HIV合并感染者与HCV单感染者血清锌相比明显降低。在HCV单感染且ALT≥40(IU/L)者中白蛋白与血清锌呈正相关(r=0.3593,P=0.0052)。在HCV/HIV感染者和HIV感染者中CD4+T细胞数低者(<500/?l)血清锌含量分别为(10.72±1.78)、(10.91±2.27)?mol/L,CD4+T细胞数高者(≥500/?l)血清锌含量分别为(12.01±1.67)、(12.36±2.52)μmol/L。HIV阳性者中,无论HCV合并感染与否,与免疫正常者相比,免疫受损者血清锌含量均明显降低。结论 HCV单感染、HIV单感染均可使血清锌降低,HCV/HIV合并感染加重了锌的缺乏,在HCV单感染且ALT≥40(IU/L)者中血清锌的水平和白蛋白呈正相关,在HCV/HIV合并感染和HIV单感染者血清锌的变化和免疫受损水平有关。[营养学报,2014,36(1):40-44]     

慢性HCV/HIV合并感染对血清锌的影响北大核心CSCD

目的评估与丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)单感染、人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)单感染相比,HCV/HIV合并感染者体内血清锌的含量变化及意义。方法采用原子吸收分光光度法检测并比较河南某村HCV单感染(129人)、HIV单感染(66人)、HCV/HIV合并感染者(98人)和健康对照者(84人)血清中微量元素锌的含量变化。结果 HCV单感染者、HIV单感染者、HCV/HIV合并感染者和健康对照者血清锌的含量分别为(12.33±1.87)、(11.85±2.79)、(11.70±2.04)、(12.93±2.03)?mol/L。与健康对照者相比,HCV/HIV合并感染者、HCV单感染者、HIV单感染者血清锌的含量均显著降低。HCV/HIV合并感染者与HCV单感染者血清锌相比明显降低。在HCV单感染且ALT≥40(IU/L)者中白蛋白与血清锌呈正相关(r=0.3593,P=0.0052)。在HCV/HIV感染者和HIV感染者中CD4+T细胞数低者(<500/?l)血清锌含量分别为(10.72±1.78)、(10.91±2.27)?mol/L,CD4+T细胞数高者(≥500/?l)血清锌含量分别为(12.01±1.67)、(12.36±2.52)μmol/L。HIV阳性者中,无论HCV合并感染与否,与免疫正常者相比,免疫受损者血清锌含量均明显降低。结论 HCV单感染、HIV单感染均可使血清锌降低,HCV/HIV合并感染加重了锌的缺乏,在HCV单感染且ALT≥40(IU/L)者中血清锌的水平和白蛋白呈正相关,在HCV/HIV合并感染和HIV单感染者血清锌的变化和免疫受损水平有关。[营养学报,2014,36(1):40-44]     

台州市新报告HIV感染者中HBV合并感染研究

目的 了解浙江省台州市2009-2012年新报告HIV感染者中合并感染乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的情况,并探讨HIV/HBV合并感染者血浆HBV病毒载量水平.方法 采用横断面研究设计对2009-2012年台州市新报告的572例成年HIV感染者进行HBV表面抗原(HBsAg)检测,对HBsAg阳性标本进行HBV-DNA定量检测.结果 共有91例HIV感染者中HBsAg检测呈阳性,HBV合并感染率为15.9％.40 ～ 49岁年龄组感染者的HBV合并感染率显著高于50岁以上年龄组(OR=3.01,95％CI:1.24～7.29);少数民族HIV感染者的HBV合并感染率显著高于汉族HIV感染者(OR=2.61,95％CI:1.04 ～ 6.52);其他途径HIV感染者的HBV合并感染率,则低于经同性性接触感染者(OR=0.18,95％CI:0.04～0.90).91例HIV/HBV合并感染者中仅26例(28.6％)血浆HBV病毒载量低于检测下限(5.0×102 IU/mL),处于相对抑制状态.多因素Logistic回归分析未发现HIV/HBV合并感染者HBV相对抑制率与其社会人口学特征、HIV传播途径及CD4细胞计数等有显著关联.结论 台州市HIV感染者中存在一定比例的HBV合并感染者,其中仅少数患者HBV处于相对抑制状态.不同特征的HIV/HBV合并感染者中HBV-DNA相对抑制率未发现明显差异.     

一例出国朝觐人员HIV、梅毒与乙型肝炎合并感染分析

艾滋病病毒(HIV)、梅毒(TP)以及乙肝病毒(HBV)均可通过血液、性接触及母婴等途径传播。由于HIV感染者/AIDS患者自身免疫能力下降,导致其极易感染其它病毒。近年来,HIV感染者合并感染梅毒、乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎、肺结核等病毒的病例越来越多。合并感染病例由于病毒间的生物学影响,使感染者临床表现更加复杂,从而使临床治疗变得更加困难。本文通过对1例HIV、梅毒及乙型肝炎合并感染者进行分析,为HIV合并感染者的综合防治提供个案依据。     

新化县居民人体肠道寄生虫感染状况调查

对新化县居民人体肠道寄生虫感染状况进行调查 ,查到肠道寄生虫感染者 15 2 0人 ,总感染率为 6 9.2 7%。     

HIV感染者合并肺结核的研究

目的探讨HIV感染者合并肺结核的情况、CD4细胞计数及HIV感染诊断时间与合并肺结核诊断时间的关系,为防治提供科学依据。方法将109例HIV感染者按HIV感染诊断时间分为短期、中期、长期3组,分析各组合并肺结核比率、CD4细胞均数,以及与HIV感染诊断时间和肺结核诊断时间的关系。结果 3组HIV感染者中,短期合并肺结核鲜见,中期少量,长期最多(经χ2检验,P﹤0.001);CD4细胞均数短期最高,中期次之,长期最低(经方差分析,P﹤0.001);CD4细胞均数与HIV感染诊断时间、肺结核诊断时间负相关,HIV感染诊断时间与肺结核诊断时间相关性高(经相关性分析,P﹤0.01)。结论 HIV感染者不同时期合并肺结核比率及CD4细胞均数差异有统计学意义,CD4细胞均数与HIV感染诊断时间和合并肺结核诊断时间密切负相关。     

HIV/AIDS患者合并机会性感染 与卫生服务利用现状分析

摘要:目的　分析HIV/AIDS患者合并机会感染与卫生服务利用的现状。方法　采用随机整群抽样对HIV/AIDS患者进行合并机会性感染及卫生服务利用问卷调查。结果　HIV/AIDS患者合并机会性感染率为57.78%;HIV/AIDS未合并机会性感染者和合并机会性感染者两周患病率分别为38.60%和73.08%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;HIV/AIDS未合并机会性感染者和合并机会性感染者两周就诊率分别为49.12%和76.92%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;HIV/AIDS患者家庭经济困难占64.71%,是他们未就诊的主要原因;HIV/AIDS患者选择医疗机构就诊差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;HIV/AIDS未合并机会性感染者和合并机会性感染者年住院率分别为15.79%和20.51%,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;HIV/AIDS患者选择医疗机构住院差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论　HIV/AIDS合并机会感染者卫生服务利用量大于未合并机会感染者,HIV/AIDS患者卫生服务利用与医疗机构、病程、居住地、经济条件有关。     

云南省某县HIV感染者Ⅱ型单纯疱疹病毒感染及高危性行为研究

目的 了解云南省某县HIV感染者中Ⅱ型单纯疱疹病毒(HSV-2)感染率、HSV-2感染相关因素及高危性行为情况.方法 从常规随访的HIV感染者中招募研究对象,问卷调查收集人口学、行为学信息,采集血标本检测HSV-2抗体和CD4+T淋巴细胞计数.结果 共招募研究对象300人,其中105人检测为HSV-2抗体阳性,感染率为35.0%.多因素logistic回归模型显示,傣族(OR=0.300,95%CI:0.152～0.593)和景颇族(OR=0.376,95%CI:0.167～0.850)HIV感染者HSV-2感染风险低于汉族;经性途径感染HIV者HSV-2感染风险高于经注射吸毒感染HIV者(OR=4.244,95%CI:1.924～9.364).105人合并感染HIV和HSV-2,其中60人最近3月内有性行为,未坚持使用或不使用安全套者占有性行为者的41.7%,主要见于婚内性行为.结论 HIV感染者中HSV-2感染率较高,HIV/HSV-2合并感染者中有不安全性行为者比例高.     

Impact of HIV infection on malaria in adults

Malaria and HIV are two major public health issues, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The impact of HIV infection on malaria depends on the patient's immune status: immunodepression level but also immunity against Plasmodium. HIV infection increases the incidence of clinical malaria, inversely correlated with the degree of immunodepression, but the severity and mortality are increased only in areas of unstable malaria. In severe malaria the level of parasitemia is similar in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. During pregnancy, HIV infection increases the incidence of clinical malaria, maternal morbidity, and fetal and neonatal morbi-mortality. Sulfa-based therapies reduce the risk of malaria, most importantly in pregnancy. HIV infection increases the risk of treatment failure, mainly with sulfa-based therapies, due to re-infection or parasitic recrudescence. Further studies are needed to determine the pathophysiological interactions between HIV infection and malaria.     

HIV感染基因治疗新思路

获得性免疫缺陷综合征,即AIDS是由HIV感染引起的一种严重危害人类健康的全球性传染病。目前随着抗病毒疗法的应用,HIV复制得到有效阻断,AIDS成为一种慢性可控的疾病,但该治疗方式无法彻底清除HIV,因此AIDS无法得到根治。随着对HIV感染机制研究的不断深入以及基因治疗技术的迅猛发展,诸如RNA沉默、DNA编辑等基因疗法为根治AIDS提供一种新的思路,上述这些新技术具有抑制或彻底清除宿主体内HIV的可能,且可以避免传统治疗手段带来的不良反应。本研究就这些相关基因治疗在应对HIV感染方面的最新研究进展加以总结和探讨。     

Churg-Strauss syndrome associated with HIV infection

A 28-year-old woman with a history of asthma and recent deep venous thrombosis presented with fever, chest pain, and peripheral eosinophilia. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with Churg-Strauss syndrome and HIV infection, representing to our knowledge only the second case of this association. Rheumatologic manifestations of HIV may precede clinical signs of infection. This is significant because steroidal and cytotoxic therapy may potentially worsen HIV infection. As the prevalence of HIV infection rises, there may be atypical presentations of various rheumatologic syndromes. The following case demonstrates a patient whose initial presentation for HIV infection was Churg-Strauss syndrome.     

Nutrition in paediatric human immunodeficiency virus infection

The nutritional condition of children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection continues to be a problem both in developed and developing countries. HIV-infected children grow below normal standards in both height and weight when compared with HIV-exposed non-infected children. These patterns persist over time. It is possible that acute infectious episodes and increased HIV viral burden contribute to decrements in all growth variables. Potential aetiologies for abnormal growth include inadequate dietary intake, gastrointestinal malabsorption, increased energy utilization and psycho-social problems. It is likely that all these factors contribute to the growth problems of these children to some extent. With the development of protease inhibitor anti-retroviral therapy and highly-active anti-retroviral treatment regimens, children with HIV infection in developed countries are living longer with a chronic illness. New nutritional problems have arisen with the development of the fat redistribution syndrome or lipodystrophy. Emerging problems are now being recognized, with the development of insulin resistance and truncal obesity which may potentially lead to premature cardiovascular disease.     

Nutrition assessment in HIV infection.

Nutrition assessment is a vital component of the general care of HIV-infected adults. With access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), HIV infection may become a chronic, manageable disease. Nutritional and metabolic complications traditionally associated with HIV infection such as hypertriglyceridemia, low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and weight loss continue to occur. However, emerging abnormalities such as regional alterations in body shape (fat re-distribution syndrome or HIV-associated lipodystrophy), increasing body weight, high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, insulin resistance, and other metabolic derangements may also be present. In addition, as patients are living longer, they may be susceptible to other age-related diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. In this article, we review strategies for nutrition assessment and management in HIV-infected adults. Attention is focused on specific symptoms such as weight loss and diarrhea and specific disorders such as lipodystrophy, micronutrient deficiencies, and dyslipidemia, which commonly affect HIV-infected individuals. Proper attention to nutritional status may help to reduce the burden of disease and promote an enhanced quality of life in HIV-infected individuals.     

CD127和HIV-1感染的免疫关系

发生HIV-1感染时,患者体内IL-7表达水平升高的同时,T细胞表面CD127(IL-7受体α链)表达水平也下降,并出现调控恢复能力的减弱,提示CD127的表达水平和艾滋病的疾病进程存在某种联系.在HIV-1感染三种分型(急性HIV感染、慢性HIV感染、长期无进展HIV感染)中,CD127的表达和功能改变存在一定的差异,能部分为HAART所逆转,但在三型HIV-1感染者治疗上取得的效果有一定差异.此文就近年来的相关研究进展进行了综述.     

The occupational careers of men living with HIV infection in the United Kingdom: Insights into engaging in and orchestrating occupations

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) emerged as an entity in the mid‐1980s. Since that time, medical developments have greatly improved the detection and management of infection and the associated acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). As such, HIV infection is now seen as a chronic yet life‐threatening condition. Although occupational therapists have worked with people infected with HIV since quite early in the history of the disease, an understanding of living with HIV infection from an occupational perspective has been limited. However, as a chronic condition HIV infection is likely to have significant occupational implications. Methods: Five men living with HIV infection in the UK were recruited through personal contacts and information sent to HIV/AIDS organisations. Each man was interviewed using an extended oral history model, recording detailed individual life histories from early childhood until the time of the interview. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. A process of narrative analysis was developed and used to analyse each oral history. The result was a story of each man's life, centred around an occupational plot. Results: The narratives are textual representations of each man's occupational career as they reveal the complexity of each man's life as a web of occupations, as well as the individual careers of particular occupations. The production of each man's occupational career made it possible to first explore living with HIV infection from an occupational perspective and provide an example of how an occupational perspective of humans and health can be operationalised. They tell the story of each man's life centred around occupation, and highlight how the men not only engaged in occupations but also orchestrated their engagement over time and within various environments. In addition, the occupational careers give a contextualised insight into the meaning of occupations. Second, this research has enabled an appreciation of the difference between biomedical and occupational views of living with HIV infection. Adopting an occupational perspective illustrated how the twists and turns of life living with HIV infection may not be marked wholly by such markers as blood tests and medication side‐effects. For some men in this study, living with HIV infection was marked by occupational engagement; ceasing, commencing, resuming, or requiring more effort to perform occupations. Third, this research has enabled an understanding of each man's response to HIV infection as part of his lifelong process of occupational adaptation. It was possible to appreciate how each man had responded to challenges in the past in order to achieve and maintain occupational adaptation. Although this was not predictive, it did provide a valuable insight into how each man responded to HIV infection.     

A brief history of antiretroviral therapy of HIV infection: success and challenges

Unprecedented efforts in the fields of biology, pharmacology and clinical care have contributed to progressively turn HIV infection from an inevitably fatal condition into a chronic manageable disease, at least in the countries where HIV infected people have full access to the potent antiretroviral drug combinations that allow a marked and sustained control of viral replication. However, since currently used treatments are unable to eradicate HIV from infected individuals, therapy must be lifelong, with the potential for short- and long-term, known and unknown, side effects, and high costs for health care systems. In addition, different patterns of unexpected systemic complications involving heart, bone, kidney and other organs are emerging. Although their pathogenesis is still under debate, they are likely to originate from chronic inflammation and immune dysfunction associated to HIV infection. A final consideration regards the dishomogenous pattern of HIV disease worldwide. In fact, access to HIV diagnosis, treatment and care are seriously limited in the geographical areas that are most affected, like Africa, which sustains 70% of the global burden of the infection. This is one of the greatest challenges that international institutions are asked to face today.     

Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among clients of HIV counseling and testing sites--Connecticut, 1999

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a common chronic bloodborne virus infection that affects an estimated 2.7 million persons in the United States. HCV infection causes an estimated 8,000-10,000 deaths each year from cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and is the leading reason for liver transplantation. Because injection drug use is a major risk factor for both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HCV transmission, publicly funded HIV counseling and testing sites (HIV CTS) may have a role in HCV prevention. To evaluate the need for HCV services at these sites, the Connecticut Department of Public Health (CDPH) conducted an anonymous HCV seroprevalence study among clients of HIV CTS. This report summarizes the results of this analysis, which indicate that, among clients of these HIV CTS, the prevalence of antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) was 9.8%, compared with 1.3% for HIV, with significantly higher prevalence among clients of substance abuse treatment sites (40.2%), compared with other sites (6.9%). HCV counseling and testing should be integrated into all HIV CTS, especially those associated with substance abuse treatment.     

Oral lesions in infection with human immunodeficiency virus

This paper discusses the importance of oral lesions as indicators of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and as predictors of progression of HIV disease to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Oral manifestations are among the earliest and most important indicators of infection with HIV. Seven cardinal lesions, oral candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, Kaposi sarcoma, linear gingival erythema, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which are strongly associated with HIV infection, have been identified and internationally calibrated, and are seen in both developed and developing countries. They may provide a strong indication of HIV infection and be present in the majority of HIV-infected people. Antiretroviral therapy may affect the prevalence of HIV-related lesions. The presence of oral lesions can have a significant impact on health-related quality of life. Oral health is strongly associated with physical and mental health and there are significant increases in oral health needs in people with HIV infection, especially in children, and in adults particularly in relation to periodontal diseases. International collaboration is needed to ensure that oral aspects of HIV disease are taken into account in medical programmes and to integrate oral health care with the general care of the patient. It is important that all health care workers receive education and training on the relevance of oral health needs and the use of oral lesions as surrogate markers in HIV infection.