北京密云地区19609例正常人群前臂远端骨密度调查及骨质疏松症发病率研究分析

目的通过密云地区19609例正常人骨密度测量,分析本地峰值骨量、骨密度变化规律及骨质疏松症的发病率。为OP早期预防、诊断、治疗提供依据。方法采用美国Osteometer Medid Tech公司生产的DTX-200型前臂双能X线骨密度仪,检测受试者非受力侧前臂远端桡尺骨三分之一处骨密度(BMD)。将检测结果按性别,十岁为一年龄段分组。结果男女峰值骨量出现在30～39岁,男性0.626±0.078 g/cm2,女性0.507±0.063 g/cm2。男女峰值骨量之间进行独立的样本t检验P<0.05,存在着显著差异,女性明显低于男性峰值骨量,男女在40岁以后随年龄增长BMD逐渐下降,男性70岁,女性60岁以后下降明显,女性早于、快于男性。各年龄段前臂远端1/3处桡骨(RADIUS)BMD要高于尺骨(ULNA)、兴趣区的(ROI)BMD,这种趋势反映了前臂远端以桡骨为主要骨的BMD,与总的前臂远端BMD数据相差不多。各年龄段OP发生率随年龄增加而增加。结论密云地区男女峰值骨量出现在30～39岁,不同年龄,不同性别间骨密度存在显著差异。骨质疏松发生率与年龄的增长呈明显正相关性,患病率从50～59岁开始增加,女性高于男性。     

湖北十堰地区正常人群骨密度调查研究

目的调查十堰地区正常人群的骨密度变化规律及骨质疏松患病情况,为骨质疏松的诊断和防治提供科学依据。方法选取居住在湖北十堰地区的居民3026例(男性1468例,女性1558例),用DTX-200骨密度仪(美国OSTEOMETER MEDITECH公司生产)测量非优势手尺桡骨远端1/3的BMD。结果男女性BMD均在30～39岁达到骨峰值,各年龄段男性的BMD均高于女性。女性从40～49岁开始(男性组从50～59岁开始),BMD开始明显下降(P0.05),骨量减少和骨质疏松的检出率明显增加(P0.05)。同龄组女性骨质疏松患病率比男性高(P0.05)。结论十堰地区正常人群BMD随年龄增长而降低,OP患病率随年龄增加而增加,女性OP患病率高于男性。     

广东沿海地区正常人群骨密度pDEXA测量正常值调查结果

目的　通过对使用DTX 2 0 0骨密度仪进行前臂尺桡骨骨密度人群调查资料的统计分析 ,获得广东沿海地区本地人群的骨密度 (BMD)正常值。并对资料的年龄组分布特点进行分析。方法　采用美国OsteometerMediTech公司的DTX 2 0 0骨密度仪 ,对广东沿海地区的本地籍人群 (男性 2 71人 ,女性2 75人 )进行前臂尺桡骨远段的BMD检查 ,对检查对象的一般信息 :身高、体重、生活习惯、饮食习惯、既往病史、女性月经史及生育哺乳史等进行详细记录。对测量的骨矿含量 (BMC)和面平均BMD按年龄组进行平均值和标准差的计算 ,根据 2 0～ 39年龄组计算男女骨峰值。结果　①男性前臂远段骨峰值 :BMC =3. 96 0± 0 . 5 6 9,BMD =0 . 5 5 5± 0 . 0 6 0 ;女性为BMC =2 . 92 4± 0 . 35 9,BMD =0 . 4 72± 0. 0 39。男女BMD均在 30～ 39岁组达到高峰 ,但BMC达到峰值的年龄组均为 4 0～ 4 9。②各年龄组均值显示 :女性 15～ 19岁组BMD达到峰值的 91% ,而男性只达到 77% ;女性 6 0～ 6 9岁组BMD降到峰值的 72 % ,而男性降到 87% ;2 0岁以前 ,男女BMD差别较小 ;在达到峰值的年龄组 ,男女BMD差别较大 ,而BMC更为明显。③男性BMD峰值的标准差约为均值的 10 .8% ,女性约为 8 3% ;若按骨峰值降低两个标准差作为骨质疏松的判断标准 ,女性     

北京市老年人腰椎与前臂骨密度的调查及相关分析

采用DEXA检查了北京市三个地区共625例60岁以上老年人腰椎与前臂的bone muneral densiny BMD)及骨质疏松患病率的情况．其中腰椎588例、前臂472例。女性腰椎BMD随年龄增高而逐渐递减(P＞0.05)；男性BMD与年龄无显相关(P＜0.05)。接年龄组比较，男性69岁。女性79岁“前．L1-4的BMD均由城区大于山区及平原。男性的骨质疏松患病率在各地区间无显性差异．女性则为城区小于平原及山区前臂BMD可不论男、女均与年龄呈负相关(P＜0.01)；60岁以后男性及女性BMD下降率最快的部位均为10%处。地区间同一年龄组BMD的比较：男性以10％部位最为敏感．均为城区大于平原；女性80岁以前．在UD及10%的部位敏感，为城区大于平原。骨质疏松的患病卑．男性各部位均为城区小于平原．女性在UD、33%两个部位为城区小于平原。在调查中发现，BMD较低的受试常伴有前瞥尺。桡骨远端长度变他，尺骨远端转桡骨远端长，形成一“台阶”样改变。经统计分析表明．“台阶”与UD部位BMD之间有显相关美系(P＜0．05)．骨质疏松(OP)试的“台阶”样变化比无OP受试的变化明显(P＜0.15)。作认为尺桡骨远端出现“台阶”样变化的原因可能是桡骨远端微小压缩骨折累积的结果。     

鄂西北正常人骨密度调查分析

目的 通过对使用 DTX-200骨密度仪进行前臂尺桡骨骨密度人群调查资料的统计分析,获得鄂西北地区本地人群的骨密度(BMD)正常值及骨质疏松患病率,并对资料的年龄组分布特点进行分析.方法 采用美国 Osteometer MediTech公司的 DTX-200骨密度仪,对鄂西北地区的本地籍人群1957人(男性959人,女性998人)进行前臂尺桡骨远端的BMD检查,按年龄组进行平均值和标准差的计算,根据30～39岁年龄组计算男女骨峰值.结果 ①男性前臂远端骨峰值为(0.572±0.037) g/cm2;女性为(0.502±0.041) g/cm2.男女BMD均在30～39岁组达到高峰.②各年龄组均值显示:女性 15～19岁组 BMD达到峰值的93%,而男性15～19岁组只达到79%;女性60～69岁组 BMD降到峰值的76%,而男性降到88%;20岁以前,男女 BMD差别较小;在达到峰值的年龄组,男女 BMD差别较大.结论 ①按30～39岁年龄组统计计算骨峰值比较合理.②20岁以前女性比男性BMD增加的快一些;而中老年以后女性 BMD降低得也更早、更快.③骨密度达到峰值以后随着年龄的增长而下降,骨质疏松(OP)发病率也随之增加,同年龄组女性骨质疏松发病率明显高于男性.     

北京南郊地区成年人桡骨远端骨密度及FRAX骨折风险评分与BMI的相关分析和探索研究

目的探讨北京南郊地区不同性别成年人非优势手臂桡骨远端骨密度及骨折风险预测工具FRAX计算出的全身骨折风险与身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)及年龄之间的关系。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2017年6月期间在我院接受双能X线骨密度检测(DEXA)的体检人群2 680名作为研究对象,其中男性944名,女性1 736名,收集相关临床指标,计算BMI值,检测受检者非优势手臂的桡骨远端骨密度,登录网站计算FRAX骨折风险评分。按年龄及BMI分组,采用方差分析的方法分别研究桡骨远端骨密度及FRAX骨折风险评分与BMI及年龄之间的关系。采用最小显著性差异法(least significant difference,LSD)分别比较BMI各组及各年龄组桡骨远端骨密度和FRAX骨折风险评分的组间差异。结果 (1)北京南郊地区成年人非优势手臂桡骨远端骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)随年龄增高而降低,FRAX骨折风险评分即10年内发生全身骨质疏松性骨折的概率(probability of a major osteoporotic fracture,PMOF)随年龄增高而增高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),且各年龄组骨密度BMD值男性均高于女性,PMOF男性均低于女性,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)北京南郊地区成年人非优势手臂桡骨远端骨密度BMD随BMI的升高呈而增高,且差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。不论性别,PMOF在BMI为24~27.9(超重组)达高峰,正常体重组及肥胖组均低于超重组。(3)BMI各组中男性BMD值均高于女性,PMOF各BMI组中男性均低于女性,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论桡骨远端骨密度BMD及PMOF与受检者性别、年龄、BMI均相关,其中同等年龄及BMI情况下,女性的骨折风险均高于男性;随着年龄增长,骨密度降低,骨折风险增加;随着BMI的增高,骨密度BMD逐渐增高,但此时骨折风险不随BMD的增高而降低,而表现为超重人群骨折风险最高,正常体重人群骨折风险最低,故超重亦是使骨折风险增加的危险因素。通过利用FRAX软件,测量桡骨远端骨密度的高低并充分考虑性别、年龄、BMI等因素可有效评估患者的骨折风险。     

中国丹东地区满族不同年龄人群骨密度及骨质疏松症患病率的调查

目的调查丹东地区满族不同年龄组人群骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)情况,了解骨质疏松(osteoporosis,OP)患病率及相关危险因素。方法采用美国Osteometer Medi Tech公司生产的DTX-200型双能X线骨密度仪,于2010年9月～12月对732例满族健康人群检测非受力侧前臂尺桡骨远端骨密度,每10岁为一组,获得数据进行统计学分析,同时填写骨质疏松危险因素调查表。结果满族男性BMD在30～39岁达骨峰值,0.619±0.059(g/cm2),女性在40～49岁达骨峰值,0.527±0.068(g/cm2),之后BMD开始下降。50岁后骨量减少的总体发生率男女比较无差异(P>0.05)。但70岁以上女性的OP发病率较同年龄组男性明显升高,差异非常显著(P<0.01)。男性OP的发生与年龄、长期素食正相关,与体重、经常饮牛奶负相关,而女性OP的发生仅与年龄正相关。结论通过对丹东地区满族人群骨密度的调查有助于建立丹东地区满族人群骨质疏松症诊断标准,提供骨质疏松症及其并发症的防治依据。     

新疆地区维吾尔族和汉族人群骨质疏松发病率的调查研究

目的调查新疆地区不同年龄阶段维吾尔族人群的骨密度值（BMD )和骨质疏松（0P )检出率 的变化。分析维吾尔族骨密度变化的规律及骨质疏松发生率与汉族的差异。方法采用韩国EXA- 3000双能骨密度仪,测量861例20-89岁受试者左侧前臂尺桡骨远端骨密度值（BMD )。结果汉 族、维吾尔族男性与女性骨峰值均发生在30-39岁年龄段,随受试者年龄增加,BMD测定值开始逐 渐下降。同年龄组,同部位女性0P发病率明显高于男性（P <0.01 )。但是无论男性、女性0P的检 出率与年龄呈正相关;通过汉族与维吾尔族各年龄阶段、同性别间骨密度的比较,发现汉族骨密度值 整体水平较吐鲁番地区维吾尔族骨密度值整体水平略偏高,女性缘50- 59岁年龄段两组比较差异显著 (P <0.01 ),其余各年龄段不同民族、同性之间比较,BMD测定值无显著差异。     

中国福建莆田地区畲族居民742例骨密度流行病学调查

目的调查莆田地区全国人口较少的畲族居民骨密度,为诊断治疗预防骨质疏松症而建立骨密度正常参考值的数据提供资料。方法采用美国Osteometer MediTech公司的DTX-200骨密度仪对莆田地区的本地畲族居民人群742人(男251,女491)进行前臂挠尺骨远端的BMD检查,用SPSS10.0分析软件进行统计学处理,按年龄组进行平均值标准差的计数,各中老年龄组骨量与峰值骨量组比较,观察其变化规律。结果莆田地区畲族居民人群男性女性骨密度峰值(PBM)均出现在30～39岁,随后成下降趋势,同年龄段和同一测量部位的男性BMD均高于女性,女性在50岁以后,男性在70岁以后骨密度值明显下降。结论莆田地区畲族居民骨质疏松发生率和增龄呈明显正相关,女性在50岁以后,男性在70岁以后,骨质疏松发生率明显增高,应及早预防。     

晋城地区健康人群前臂骨峰值骨量的建立

目的：建立晋城地区健康人群前臂骨密度（ BMD）的峰值骨量和标准差值,为开展周围型双能X线骨密度仪测定及骨质疏松症研究提供基础数据。方法采用韩国产双能X线骨矿测量仪（ EXA－3000）对晋城地区1400例21～55岁的健康体检人群进行左侧前臂骨密度测定,进行非优势侧（左侧）前臂远端尺桡骨的BMD值测定,并分析其年龄分布,建立晋城地区健康人群前臂远端骨密度的峰值骨量和标准差值。骨质疏松的骨量诊断以骨量峰值的均数±标准差的形式建立,均数的计算采用三次方回归方程模型进行拟合。结果男、女性前臂骨的BMD值均符合正态分布,可采用均数±标准差（ xˉ±s）的形式表示。40岁以前男、女性前臂骨的BMD值均随年龄增加而逐步上升,且各年龄段BMD值的差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。45岁以后男、女性前臂骨的BMD值开始下降,且50岁以后下降明显（ P＜0．05）。男、女性前臂骨的骨量峰值均出现在41～45岁年龄段。男、女性前臂远端尺桡骨的骨量峰值及标准差分别为（0．5682±0．0647）g／cm2、（0．4209±0．0689）g／cm2。结论建立了晋城地区健康人群男、女性前臂骨的骨量峰值和标准差,为周围型双能X线骨密度仪测定并开展骨质疏松症的研究提供基础数据,尤其是用于高危人群筛查,以便确定是否需要进一步开展中轴骨测量或进行药物治疗。     

Protective effect of female gender against bone loss in the forearm following clean-cut tendon injuries, repair, and passive mobilization

The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is any significant difference in bone loss between female and male patients as a result of early passive mobilization after surgery for acute tendon–artery–nerve clean-cut injuries at the wrist level. A total of 51 patients who underwent such operations were enrolled in this study. Group I consisted of 40 male patients (mean age 30.2 ± 9.1 years, age range 15–44 years) and group II consisted of 11 female patients (mean age 24.1 ± 9.9 years, age range 14–43 years); postmenopausal women were not included in this group. Twenty-one patients in group I and six patients in group II were operated on for clean-cut tendon injury combined with nerve injury, artery injuries, or both. Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements of injuired forearms were obtained at 1 week, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 12 months after operation. The BMD of the radius and ulna did not change significantly throughout the follow-up period in group II (P > 0.05). In group I, BMD values were reduced significantly in the distal regions of the ulna and in the ultradistal region of the radius at the follow-up measurements when compared to the values at week 1 and the reduction was higher in month 3 than at other times. On the other hand, after 12 months, the BMD values of the ultra-distal region of the ulna and radius were higher than those after 3 months. In conclusion, our results showed that there is considerable bone loss of the radius and ulna in patients operated on for acute clean-cut tendon injuries on the volar side of the wrist at postoperative month 3 in male patients. These bone losses were recovered after 12 months. Additionally, female patients are less likely to experience immobilization-induced bone loss than male patients.     

Comparisons of the bone mineral density in dominant and nondominant forearm following clean-cut tendon injuries, repair, and passive mobilization.

Tendon lacerations at the distal forearm are a common clinical problem. The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is any significant bone loss of the dominant and nondominant forearm due to early passive mobilization in surgically treated patients for acute tendon-artery-nerve clean-cut injuries at the wrist level. Fifty-eight dominant right-handed patients who underwent such an operation were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into two groups. Patients in group 1 (n=26) were operated on for dominant forearm clean-cut injuries; patients in group 2 (n=29) were operated on for nondominant forearm clean-cut injuries. Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements of ulna and radius were obtained at weeks 1 and 6, and at months 3 and 12 after the operation. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the radius and ulna did not change significantly with time in group 1 (p>0.05). In group 2, BMD measurements were reduced significantly more with time in the mid-diaphysis and distal regions of the ulna and in the ultra-distal region of the radius. Most BMD decreases were observed at month 3 of the study. Eventually, these bone losses were found to be recovered at month 12.     

北京青春期女孩低体重及其对健康影响的研究

目的：调查青春期女孩低体重率并探讨适合我国青春期女孩体重指数（BMI）的评价标准。方法：对1214名北京城乡12-13岁女学生1995年营养状况调查的样本资料进行分析,指标包括年龄、身高、体重、BMI、骨龄、月经初潮、第二性征发育、左前臂远端1/3和1/10位点桡尺骨骨矿含量、骨密度、骨宽度。BMI评价采用改良的我国卫生部和国家教委标准及世界卫生组织推荐标准。结果：低体重率（BMI＜18)为32.2%,低体重组比正常体重组生长发育指标明显滞后,尺骨远端1/3位点骨矿含量（BMC）低于平均水平的危险性增加（Odds值1.75,95%可信可间为1.04-2.95）75%。结论：高的低体重率是北京青春期女孩的主要营养健康问题,BMI＜18可作为生长发育滞后和具有低骨密度危险的分界点,月经初潮可作为营养状况的监测指标。对低体重女孩应采取营养等干预措施,以促进其生长发育和骨骼健康。     

长春市16019例汉族人群骨密度调查及骨质疏松发病率分析

目的 调查长春市16019例汉族人群骨密度,分析本地区峰值骨量及骨密度变化的人群规律.方法 采用美国Osteometer Medi Tech公司生产的DTX-200型骨密度仪,检测受试者非受力侧前臂桡尺骨远端三分之一处骨密度(BMD).将16019例检测结果按不同性别每5岁为一年龄组,应用SPSS 13.0软件统计分析骨密度均值、T评分及骨量丢失百分率.结果 长春市男、女性人群骨密度峰值分别为0.625±0.109、0.506±0.058,其峰值年龄为30～39岁年龄段,40岁以后开始缓慢下降,50～59岁年龄段男性骨质疏松发病率为7.7%,女性为6.97%;60～69岁年龄段男性骨质疏松发病率为18.13%,女性为35.97%;70～79岁年龄段男性骨质疏松发病率为36.41%,女性为59.55%,80岁以上男性骨质疏松发病率为57.53%,女性为75.56%.结论 不同年龄及同年龄组两性之间比较骨密度测定值差异显著(P<0.01).50岁以后各年龄段女性骨质疏松发病率明显高于男性(P<0.01).本研究报告的骨密度峰值高于日本、丹麦同类型骨密度仪检测结果;与北京地区骨密度检测结果相近.与西双版纳傣族、西藏、甘肃东乡族比较,差异显著(P<0.01).     

The influence of serum ghrelin,IGF axis and testosterone on bone mineral density in boys at different stages of sexual maturity

The aim of our study was to examine the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and serum ghrelin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), and testosterone levels in boys at different stages of puberty. The study included 60 healthy nonobese Estonian schoolboys at the age of 10–18 years. Subjects were divided in three groups (20 boys in each) based on the results of self-assessment using illustrated questionnaire of pubertal stage (G1, I; G2–G3, II; G3–G4, III). Morning fasting blood samples were collected for analysis of ghrelin, testosterone, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3. Total body BMD, lumbar BMD, lumbar apparent volumetric BMD (BMAD), and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured by DXA. Serum testosterone concentration was the most important biochemical predictor of BMD in the total group, explaining 48.8% of variability in total body BMD, 51.4% in lumbar BMD, and 36.8% in lumbar BMAD. Body mass and height were both related to BMD and BMC throughout puberty. The serum IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio was correlated with serum testosterone (r = 0.69) and ghrelin (r = −0.58) levels, but also with total BMD (r = 0.39), lumbar BMD (r = 0.42; P < 0.001 in all cases), BMAD (r = 0.29; P < 0.01), and total BMC (r = 0.48; P < 0.001). We conclude that serum testosterone concentration and serum IGF-1/IGFBP-3 molar ratio are the major determinants of bone mineral density in boys at different pubertal stages. Serum ghrelin concentration did not appear to have a direct independent effect on BMD. If present, the association may be mediated through sex hormones and the GH-IGF-I axis.     

Bone mineral density in ethnic Norwegians and Pakistani immigrants living in Oslo—The Oslo Health Study

Bone mineral density (BMD, grams per square centimeter) is scarcely studied in immigrants from the Indian subcontinent. Pakistani immigrants in Oslo, Norway, have a very high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. Thus, it is of great interest to compare BMD between Pakistani immigrants and ethnic Norwegians in Oslo. The comparison was done with and without adjustment for skeletal size, and we examined whether known risk factors explained possible differences in bone density between these two ethnic groups. BMD was measured at the distal and ultra-distal forearm site in a random sample of the participants in the Oslo Health Study by single energy X-ray absorptiometry (SXA). One hundred and seventy-three Pakistani-born subjects (71 women, 102 men) and 1,386 Norwegian-born subjects (675 women, 711 men) aged 30, 40, 45 and 59/60 years, living in Oslo, were included in the analysis. To account for variation in skeletal size, we computed height-adjusted BMD values, BMD/height (grams per cubic centimeter), and volumetric bone mineral apparent density (BMAD, grams per cubic centimeter). We found no differences in distal or ultra-distal forearm BMD between Pakistanis and Norwegians in either women or men. We found, however, higher values in Pakistani men when BMD was height-adjusted (2% higher in distal sites and 5% in ultra-distal sites). We also found higher bone mass values (both distal and ultra-distal) in Pakistani women and men than in their Norwegian counterparts when volumetric measures, such as BMD/height (7%–8% higher in women, 6%–7% in men) and BMAD (6% higher in women, 8% in men), were used. In a regression model that included ethnicity, anthropometry and lifestyle factors, BMD was higher in Pakistani men than in Norwegian men, but not in women. We conclude that Pakistanis living in Oslo have similar BMD to ethnic Norwegians, but they have higher volumetric bone mass values. When we adjusted for confounders we found higher BMD values in Pakistani men than in Norwegian men.     

Caloric Restriction Decreases Cortical Bone Mass but Spares Trabecular Bone in the Mouse Skeleton: Implications for the Regulation of Bone Mass by Body Weight

Introduction: Body weight is positively correlated with bone mass and density, and both muscle mass and body fat are thought to play a role in regulating bone metabolism. We examined bone metabolism in calorically restricted mice to determine how alterations in soft tissue mass affect bone mass, density, and strength. Materials and Methods: Caloric restriction (CR) was initiated in male mice at 14 wk of age at 10% restriction, increased to 25% restriction at 15 wk, and then increased to 40% restriction at 16 wk, where it was maintained until 24 wk of age when the study was terminated. Control mice were fed ad libitum (AL). Body composition, BMD, and BMC were measured by DXA, BMD and BMC in the femoral metaphysis were measured by pQCT, femora were tested in three‐point bending, serum leptin and IGF‐1 were measured using immunoassay, and osteoblast and osteoclast numbers were determined using histomorphometry. Results: Body weight, lean mass, fat mass, percent body fat, serum leptin, and serum IGF‐1 were all significantly lower in CR mice than AL mice. Whole body BMC and BMD did not differ significantly between the two groups. Femur BMC, BMD, cortical thickness, and fracture strength decreased significantly in CR mice, but trabecular bone volume fraction in the femur did not change with food restriction. Vertebral cortical thickness also decreased with caloric restriction, whereas spine BMC, BMD, and trabecular bone volume fraction were significantly increased with caloric restriction. Conclusions: Caloric restriction and its related weight reduction are associated with marked decreases in lean mass, fat mass, serum leptin and IGF‐1, and cortical bone mass. Consistent with the opposite effects of leptin on cortical and cancellous bone, trabecular bone mass is spared during food restriction.     

The relationships among bone health, insulin-like growth factor-1 and sex hormones in adolescent female athletes

The aim of this study was to determine the relationships of bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and estradiol in pubertal female athletes. The participants were 170 healthy adolescent girls (13–15 years) who participated in competitive extramural athletic programs, i.e., sports games (n = 49), track sprinting (n = 24), rhythmic gymnastics (n = 23), swimming (n = 24) and cross-country skiing (n = 17). The control group (n = 33) consisted of girls who took part only in compulsory physical education classes at school. The whole-body BMD and femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD and BMC were measured using DXA, and the volumetric BMD was calculated. Venous blood samples to determine the concentration of IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and estradiol were drawn after an overnight fasting. After adjusting for age, body height and body mass, the relationships among BMD variables, IGF-1 and the IGF-1/IGFBP-3 molar ratio remained significant only in the rhythmic gymnast group. BMDs at the femoral neck and lumbar spine were also related to estradiol levels (r = 0.45–0.60; p < 0.05) only in the rhythmic gymnast group. No relationships were found among the measured BMD, IGF axis and estradiol in other athletic groups. Only BMC at the femoral neck remained associated with the IGF-1/IGFBP-3 molar ratio in the rhythmic gymnast group after adjusting for age, body height and body mass. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that IGF-1 and estradiol together explained 42.6% (R ² × 100) of total variance in the femoral neck BMD and IGF-1 alone 35.4% (R ² × 100) of the total variance in the femoral neck BMC only in the rhythmic gymnast group. We conclude that femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD correlated with IGF-1, IGF-1/IGFBP-3 molar ratio and estradiol in rhythmic gymnasts. No relationships were found between bone parameters and the hormones used in other athletic groups.     

Relative Importance of Lean Mass and Fat Mass on Bone Mineral Density in a Group of Lebanese Postmenopausal Women

The aim of this study was to determine the relative importance of lean mass and fat mass on bone mineral density (BMD) in a group of Lebanese postmenopausal women. One hundred ten Lebanese postmenopausal women (aged 65–84 yr) participated in this study. Age and years since menopause were recorded. Body weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Body composition (lean mass, fat mass, and fat mass percentage) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Bone mineral content (BMC) of the whole body (WB) and BMD of the WB, the lumbar spine (L1–L4), the total hip (TH), the femoral neck (FN), the ultra distal (UD) Radius, and the 1/3 Radius were measured by DXA. The expressions WB BMC/height and WB BMD/height were also used. Weight, BMI, fat mass, and lean mass were positively correlated to WB BMC, WB BMC/height, WB BMD/height, and to WB, L1–L4, TH, FN, UD Radius, and 1/3 Radius BMD. However, using multiple linear regression analyses, fat mass was more strongly correlated to BMC and to BMD values than lean mass after controlling for years since menopause. This study suggests that fat mass is a stronger determinant of BMC and BMD than lean mass in Lebanese postmenopausal women.     

Long-term effect of intrathecal baclofen treatment on bone health and body composition after spinal cord injury: A case matched report

BACKGROUND Severe spasticity may negatively impact functionality and quality of life after spinal cord injury(SCI). Intrathecal baclofen treatment(IBT) is effectively used to manage severe spasticity and reduce comorbidities. However, long-term IBT may have a negative effect on bone mineral content(BMC), bone mineral density(BMD) and body composition(such as percentage fat mass and lean body mass). We demonstrated the negative effects of long-term IBT use in a single case compared with two non-IBT users.CASE SUMMARY A 46-year old Caucasian male Veteran(case) with a 21 year history of complete tetraplegia(complete C6 SCI) was implanted with IBT for 20 years. The case was matched to two participants with different time since injuries [2(match 1) and 13(match 2) years] without IBT. Knee BMC and BMD at the epiphysis and metaphysis of the distal femur and proximal tibia were evaluated using dual knee and the dual femur modules of GE Lunar i DXA software. Total and leg body composition assessments were also conducted for the three participants. Potential effect of long-term IBT was demonstrated by changes in BMD, consistent with bone demineralization, at the distal femur and proximal tibia and changes in percentage fat mass and lean mass of legs. The case showed 113% lower BMD at the distal femur, and 78.1% lower at the proximal tibia compared to match 1, moreover the case showed 45% lower BMD at the distal femur, and no observed changes at the proximal tibia compared to match 2. The case had 27.1% and 16.5% greater leg %fat mass compared to match 1 and match 2, respectively. Furthermore, the case had 17.4% and 11.8% lower % leg lean mass compared to match 1 and match 2, respectively.CONCLUSION Long-term IBT may impact bone health and body composition parameters in persons with complete SCI. It may be prudent to encourage regular screening of individuals on long-term IBT considering the prevalence of osteoporosis related fractures, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic disorders in this population.