浅谈将医学人文教育融入组织学与胚胎学实验教学

医学人文教育是指在医学教育过程中通过多种途径对医学生进行人文教育,提高医学生文化品位、审美情趣、人文素质和科学素质并使之形成良好的医学职业道德并在未来的医学职业生涯中能够对患者进行人文关怀[1],因而理想的医学教育应是自然科学教育和人文科学教育结合的产物.组织学与胚胎学作为一门重要的医学基础课程,属于自然科学的范畴.     

从遗体捐献到医学生人文素质教育的思考

前我国医患关系的日益恶化显现出医学生人文素质教育的不足,传统的医学人文教学方式已不再适用,迫切需要找到相应的解决方法,遗体捐献体现的精神对医学生学习医学人文知识有很强的促进作用,而医学生人文素质的提高又能够有效的带动遗体捐献率,两者的相辅相成为医学教育发展开辟了一条新的路径。     

叙事医学教育概况及其在妇产科临床教学中的应用

叙事医学是运用叙事技巧进行的医学实践。叙事医学教育即通过特定的方法来训练、培养医学生反思、共情等叙事能力,主要有文学作品精细阅读和叙事性的反思写作(平行病历书写)两种方法。国外医学生叙事能力培养已经得到医学院校的广泛重视,国内还刚刚起步。妇产科教学应该更加重视对妇女的人文关怀,适合中国国情和社会文化的叙事医学教育模式值得尝试和推广。     

医学院校应注重学生人文素质培养

<正>有研究表明,良好的沟通能力是21世纪合格人才的应有素质之一,然而,当前高校学生沟通能力的现状不容乐观[1]。其主要原因是医学生专业学习任务重,现行的医学教育过分注重医学生专业知识的教育,忽视了人文素质方面的教育和人文精神的培养。而重视医学生人文素质培养,提高综合素质,是现代医学发展的必然要求,也是现代高等医学教育必由之路[2]。同时医学生的人文素质体现我国医学事业的发展水平,折射出我们民族的文化程度。     

叙事医学在生殖医学临床教学中的应用探讨

生殖医学具有社会和心理的人文特性,现实中,医疗技术手段不能解决所有的生殖医学问题,因此,在生殖医学的临床教学中,教师不仅要教授学生理论和临床操作的专业技术知识,更要注重加强人文关怀精神和人际沟通能力的培养。将叙事医学引入生殖医学教育是回归生殖医学人文属性的要求,叙事医学在生殖医学教学中的应用,将为单靠专业技术知识无法解决的生殖医学"难题"另辟蹊径。生殖医学教学中,培养医学生的叙事能力,有助于医学生把叙事模式作为医疗实践活动的重要部分,建立和谐的医患关系、师生关系、伙伴关系,具备关爱病人、尊重他人、尊重师长、尊重伙伴、团队合作的良好职业素养,以适应社会对高层次生殖医学人才日益增长的需求。     

发挥标本陈列厅在人文解剖培养中的重要作用

医学生人文素质教育是一项庞大而复杂的系统工程,解剖学因其自身的特殊性应该成为医学人文教育的基地。我们以标本陈列厅作为对医学生进行人文关怀和素质教育的最佳场所,推进科学教育与人文教育的融合。     

医学生人文素质教育的意义及其实施途径的探讨

医学人文素质教育是现代高等医学教育不可缺少的组成部分，在医学教育中具有重要的基础性地位．它的实现要靠教育者在教育的各个环节中主动施行。积极探讨加强医学生人文素质教育的有效实施途径具有重要的现实意义。     

浅谈长学制医学教育中的人文素质教育

随着医学模式的转换和卫生需求的不断增长,社会对医务工作者的人文素养要求越来越高。本文就加强医学生人文素质教育的重要性进行了探讨,总结了北京协和医学院90年办学历史中在医学生人文素质培养中进行的探索,同时对未来长学制医学教育中人文素质教育存在的问题提出了思考。     

浅谈手术学教学中的人文素质教育

在医学教育中加强人文素质教育是促进医学生全面发展的必然要求,也是顺应医学模式转变及构建和谐社会的必然要求.手术学是一门从理论向实践过渡以实践教学为主的学科,针对目前医学生手术操作能力和技能较以往有不同程度下降的问题,在手术学教学环节中,加强扎实外科基本功训练的同时,融入人文素质教育,让医学教育的人文性和科学性更有机地结合,是培养合格医学人才的重要途径.     

将医学人文关怀理念融入医学教学中的思考

本文结合工作感受,简述了人文关怀在临床工作中的重要性,对目前的医学人文关怀现状提出看法,并对如何将医学人文关怀理念融入教学中提出意见和建议,希望医学生们能将人文关怀和医学专业技术巧妙融合,为患者提供更好更优质的医疗服务.     

Medical error disclosure in the Italian healthcare context: A delicate balance between ethical obligations and the principle of non-self-incrimination

Surprisingly, Italian legal doctrine and jurisprudence never systematically address the medical error disclosure issue. The topic of medical error communication represents a non-negligible profile of interest, relating to the possible detrimental effects on doctors who accuse themselves of conduct that does not comply with the lex artis. The effects of error disclosure on the effectiveness of insurance guarantees in civil and administrative liability are particularly relevant, as are the implications for ethical liability. Although the burden of reporting an error falls within the wide range of informative duties doctors hold, it still seems far from having found a factual statement in clinical practice, especially in Italy. This applies whether the error has a marginal or significant impact on the patient’s health. The reasons lay in a very contradictory legal framework. Doctors tend with increasing ease not to comply with their information obligation – especially in cases where fulfilling this duty means admitting a personal, professional error – to preserve the integrity of their professional images. This article aims to offer a brief overview of that topic in the context of Italian healthcare.     

The shaping of the medical thought: A task for pathophysiology

The importance of pathophysiology for the medical education and its contribution to shaping of the medical thought is discussed. The possible role of pathophysiology in development of medical paradigmatic instability is indicated as well.     

医学生考试焦虑及其与人格特征关系的初步研究

采用 Zung氏自评量表与艾森克人格问卷对医学院学生进行测查 ,结果显示 ,1 88名医学生中 1 0 .1 %的人有不同程度的焦虑症状。其中专科生的 SAS得分高于国内正常成人。专科生 SAS得分显著高于本科生。男女 SAS得分差异无显著性。SAS得分与年龄呈显著正相关。 SAS得分与 EPQ的相关分析表明 ,情绪越不稳定者 ,倾向于有更严重的焦虑。     

医学期刊编辑素质刍议

本文着重阐述了医学期刊编辑应具备最基本、最重要的三大素质：政治素质、业务素质和创新素质。特别强调医学期刊编辑要有创新素质，只有创新，才有发展和进步。刻苦学习，不断进取，努力使自己成为医学家、编辑家和企业家。     

Psychosocial predictors of attitudes toward physician empathy in clinical encounters among 4732 1st year medical students: A report from the CHANGES study

Objective

Medical school curricula intended to promote empathy varies widely. Even the most effective curricula leave a significant group of students untouched. Pre-existing student factors influence their response to learning experiences. We examined the individual predictors of first semester medical students’ attitudes toward the value of physician empathy in clinical encounters.

Methods

First year students (n = 4732) attending a stratified random sample of 49 US medical schools completed an online questionnaire that included measures of dispositional characteristics, attitudes and beliefs, self-concept and well-being.

Results

Discomfort with uncertainty, close-mindedness, dispositional empathy, elitism, medical authoritarianism, egalitarianism, self-concept and well-being all independently predicted first year medical students’ attitudes toward the benefit of physician empathy in clinical encounters.

Conclusion

Students vary on their attitude toward the value of physician empathy when they start medical school. The individual factors that predict their attitudes toward empathy may also influence their response to curricula promoting empathic care.

Practice implications

Curricula in medical school promoting empathic care may be more universally effective if students’ preexisting attitudes are taken into account. Messages about the importance of physician empathy may need to be framed in ways that are consistent with the beliefs and prior world-views of medical students.     

The Life of a Black Medical Trainee in the United States: Past,Present, Future

An Introduction to the History of Black Medical TraineesIn these unprecedented times, Black medical professionals must deliver excellent medical care and uphold the highest standards of their profession while living through a devastating pandemic. They must do so in a time when the country tries to reconcile with generations of racism and injustice. The current social environment in America is particularly challenging for medical trainees such as medical students and resident physicians who must focus on their educational requirements and careers in settings that are often averse to addressing topics such as racism. This plight is not new for Black medical trainees, as they have been fighting for centuries to obtain an equitable seat at the table of medical education. Throughout the 19th century and early 20th century, Black physicians were repeatedly disenfranchised from the predominantly white medical societies, most notably the American Medical Association (AMA), which was established in 1847. Racially integrated medical organizations such as the National Medical Society of Washington D.C. (NMS), which was founded in 1870, were developed to challenge discriminatory practices of the American Medical Association against Black practitioners. The inception of the National Medical Association (NMA) in 1895 allowed Black doctors to advocate for disadvantaged patient populations and focus efforts on health issues pertinent to the underserved.The Struggles of the Black TraineeHowever, Black and underrepresented minorities continue to face challenges with medical school matriculation and retention. A 2015 AAMC report showed that Black male medical school matriculants failed to increase significantly between 1978 and 2014. From 2006 to 2018, the number of Black medical school matriculants increased from 6.7% to 7.1%.Solutions for Improving Medical Education for the Black TraineeTo improve these matriculation statistics, it is critical that institutions integrate innovative measures such as robust recruitment pipelines to expose underrepresented high school and college students to the medical field, as well as seek diversity actively in administration to dismantle the ingrained ideologies of systemic racism rooted in healthcare and medical education. To combat the institutionalized racism that has plagued medical education throughout its existence, collaboration as a unified front is essential to achieving the equity and social justice in healthcare that patients deserve.     

加强患者病历管理在防范医疗纠纷中的作用

目的：探讨加强患者病历管理在防范医疗纠纷中起到的作用。方法随机抽取我院在病历管理改革前后的患者病历各400例,设置为观察组和观察组,对比两组病历合格率和医疗纠纷数。结果观察组患者病历的合格数比例明显高于对照组;观察组医疗纠纷例数比例少于对照组(<0.05)。结论加强患者病历管理可有效减少医疗纠纷,降低医疗风险,促进医疗体系健康发展。     

Medical physics aspects of cancer care in the Asia Pacific region

Medical physics plays an essential role in modern medicine. This is particularly evident in cancer care where medical physicists are involved in radiotherapy treatment planning and quality assurance as well as in imaging and radiation protection. Due to the large variety of tasks and interests, medical physics is often subdivided into specialties such as radiology, nuclear medicine and radiation oncology medical physics. However, even within their specialty, the role of radiation oncology medical physicists (ROMPs) is diverse and varies between different societies. Therefore, a questionnaire was sent to leading medical physicists in most countries/areas in the Asia/Pacific region to determine the education, role and status of medical physicists.Answers were received from 17 countries/areas representing nearly 2800 radiation oncology medical physicists. There was general agreement that medical physicists should have both academic (typically at MSc level) and clinical (typically at least 2 years) training. ROMPs spent most of their time working in radiotherapy treatment planning (average 17 hours per week); however radiation protection and engineering tasks were also common. Typically, only physicists in large centres are involved in research and teaching. Most respondents thought that the workload of physicists was high, with more than 500 patients per year per physicist, less than one ROMP per two oncologists being the norm, and on average, one megavoltage treatment unit per medical physicist.There was also a clear indication of increased complexity of technology in the region with many countries/areas reporting to have installed helical tomotherapy, IMRT (Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy), IGRT (Image Guided Radiation Therapy), Gamma-knife and Cyber-knife units. This and the continued workload from brachytherapy will require growing expertise and numbers in the medical physics workforce. Addressing these needs will be an important challenge for the future.     

Evaluation of clinical relevance of problem-oriented teaching in undergraduate anatomy at the University of Pretoria

Problem oriented medical curricula claim to be based on the fact that the clinical sciences facilitate and encourage the understanding of basic sciences. The question was asked whether the correlation of gross anatomy in the Abdomen Block in the new Pretoria medical curriculum, with clinically relevant content (i.e. relevant physical examination, imaging anatomy, clinical procedures, clinical presentations and clinical case studies) facilitates the understanding of human anatomy and enhances the development of the clinical thinking fundamental to clinical practice. The clinical anatomy component of the Abdomen Block (11 weeks duration) in the third year was developed by using standardized patients, cadaver material, skeletons, X-rays, CT scans, MRIs and multimedia programs. Student perceptions were assessed by a Likert scale questionnaire. Most students thought that integrating the physical examination enhanced their understanding of the relevant anatomy (mean 3.55). A substantial number of students thought the clinical anatomy in the block laid a good foundation for imaging anatomy of the abdomen (mean 3.41). The majority of students thought the clinical anatomy laid a good basis for the understanding of surgical procedures relevant to the abdomen (mean 3.63). Students were mostly confident that clinical anatomy enhanced their understanding of clinical presentations (mean 3.68). Although slightly fewer, the majority reckoned that the clinical case studies gave them a better understanding of the relevant anatomy (mean 3.30). It seems evident that the integration of clinically relevant content facilitates and encourages the understanding of anatomy and thus aids in the development of clinical thinking.