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目的 了解昆明地区呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)在小儿急性下呼吸道感染中的发生率和临床特征.方法 对昆明市儿童医院2006年4月至2007年4月临床诊断为急性下呼吸道感染的住院患儿1112例行痰间接免役荧光法检测呼吸道合胞病毒抗原.结果 1112例标本中,阳性276例,阳性率24.82%,其中男190例(17.09%),女86例(7.73%),男女发病比例为2.21∶1.全年均可检出RSV,发生率最高的是10～12月份(30.15%),最低的是4～6月份(10.93%).RSV感染多见于3岁以下,尤以6个月以下患儿感染率最高(36.22%).结论 呼吸道合胞病毒是引起昆明地区小儿急性下呼吸道感染的主要病原,特别是婴幼儿感染率最高.     

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目的 探讨儿童过敏性紫癜(HSP)胃镜下黏膜病变特点及胃镜检查在其早期诊断中的价值。方法 回顾性分析2009年1月至2010年5月重庆医科大学附属儿童医院79例HSP患儿的胃镜结果。结果 HSP胃镜表现为胃肠道黏膜弥漫性充血水肿,广泛多发糜烂、溃疡、出血,尤其是黏膜类似于皮肤紫癜改变的出血点比较特异;胃镜检查发现病变沿上消化道越深入越明显,尤以十二指肠降部病变程度最严重;胃镜检查深入到达空肠输入端1例。结论 典型的胃镜下表现有助于HSP的早期诊断,尤其是无皮疹的HSP;胃镜检查可以明确胃肠道病变程度,指导临床治疗;在儿童HSP的早期诊断中,胃镜检查深入到空肠输入端十分必要。     

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目的了解冬春季呼吸道感染住院患儿中7种常见呼吸道病毒的感染状况。方法采集2006年11月至2007年5月及2007年11月至2008年5月于新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院儿科住院的共479例呼吸道感染患儿的鼻咽分泌物,用直接免疫荧光方法,检测呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、腺病毒(ADV)、甲型流感病毒(IfuA)、乙型流感病毒及副流感病毒Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ(ParaⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ)型7种常见呼吸道病毒抗原。结果 2006—2007年冬春季7种病毒阳性检出率为24.3%,2007—2008年冬春季阳性检出率为41.8%。2年冬春季7种病毒中RSV检出率均占首位,分别为20.1%及32.3%。结论 RSV感染是新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院冬春季呼吸道感染住院患儿的最主要呼吸道病毒病原。ADV及ParaⅢ型感染位居第二、三位,而其他4种病毒感染少见。     

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1肾上腺功能不全1.1概述肾上腺功能不全根据病因可分为原发性和继发性。临床上更常见的是继发性肾上腺功能不全。继发性肾上腺功能不全是由于下丘脑或垂体病变引起促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)不足或长期大量应用外源性糖皮质激素抑制下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴(HPA轴)功能,而导致的肾上腺功能不全[1]。     

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目的探讨弥散加权成像(DWI)、常规磁共振成像(MRI)在新生儿低血糖性脑损伤不同阶段的动态变化。方法回顾分析了2005年9月至2008年9月,中国医科大学附属盛京医院新生儿科收治的经MRI确诊的20例低血糖性脑损伤患儿(病例组)的临床资料,并随机选取同期住院MRI正常的20例单纯性低血糖患儿为对照组。结果病例组平均最低血糖值低于对照组(P<0.01),低血糖持续时间长于对照组(P<0.01)。病例组于低血糖发生后3.8(1～11)d完成首次MRI检查,受累部位主要为枕叶11例、枕顶叶8例,顶叶1例,受累部位在DWI均表现为高信号,常规MRI相应部位12例表现为T1加权成像(T1WI)、T2加权成像(T2WI)正常信号,仅6例表现为T1WI低信号、T2WI高信号;11例于首次检查后11.4(8～15)d完成第2次MRI检查,首次检查受累部位DWI7例转为正常信号,4例低信号,常规MRI均表现为T1WI低信号、T2WI高信号。3例于6个月随访,提示枕叶DWI正常信号,T1WI低信号、T2WI高信号。结论新生儿低血糖性脑损伤早期DWI表现为异常高信号的部位,与晚期常规MRI表现为T1WI低信号、T2WI高信号的部...     

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目的探讨氨溴特罗口服液改善毛细支气管炎患儿气道功能的疗效影响。方法将2009年11月至2010年9月广州市妇女儿童医疗中心93例毛细支气管炎患儿随机分为治疗组(氨溴特罗口服液组)和对照组。观察两组患儿治疗前后潮气呼吸流速-容量环(TBFV)的形态改变以及肺功能各项指标的变化。结果两组患儿治疗前TBFV环均变窄,呼气曲线升枝陡峭,高峰提前,降枝呈波谷样凹陷;治疗后明显好转。两组患儿治疗前各项主要参数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患儿治疗前后比较:呼吸频率(RR)、呼气峰流速(PEF)、呼吸系统阻力(Rrs)、每千克体重功能残气量(FRC/kg)均降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);每千克体重潮气量(VT/kg)、吸呼比(TI/TE)、呼气达峰时间(TPTEF)、达峰时间比(TPTEF/TE)、呼气达峰容积(VPTEF)、达峰容积比(PFV)、呼出75%潮气量时的呼气流速/呼气峰流速(25/PF)、潮气呼气中期流速/潮气吸气中期流速(ME/MI)、每千克体重顺应性(Crs/kg)均增加(P<0.05或P<0.01)。其中治疗组与对照组比较,反映大小气道阻塞主要指标PFV、25/PF、ME/MI及肺顺...     

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??Abstract??Objective??To investigate alterations of circulating levels of the inflammatory markers— reflecting brain and adipose tissue inflammation—in the fetal growth restriction??FGR??fetuses and newborns??and explore its possible relation ship with adverse intrauterine development. Methods??Sixty parturients??hospitalized in Shengjing hospital of China Medical University??giving consecutively birth either to 30 appropriate for gestational-age??AGA?? singleton infants ??AGA group ?? or 30 FGR full-term singleton infants ??FGR group????were recruited.Plasm hs-CRP??PAI-1??S100B and leptin levels were determined by enzyme link immune assay??ELISA??in the umbilical cords blood ??UC ?? and venous blood from neonates on postnatal day 1 ??D1?? and day 4??D4??. Results??The birth weight??body length and the body mass index ??BMI?? of the FGR neonates were significantly lower compared with those of AGA group ??P < 0.05??.The leptin levels of UC in the FGR neonates were lower than that in the AGA groups??P < 0.05????and correlated positively with the birth weights and the BMI??P < 0.05??.Plasma hs-CRP levels did not differ significantly at all time points between AGA and FGR groups??P > 0.05??.hs-CRP levels in Umbilical cords blood were significantly decreased when compared with D1 hs-CRP in both AGA and FGR groups ??P < 0.05????and D1 hs-CRP was significantly increasedwhen compared with respective D4 hs-CRP??P < 0.05??.Plasma PAI-1 and S100B levels did not differ significantly at all time points between AGA and FGR groups??P > 0.05????and did not correlated with the birth weights and the BMI. Conclusion??Despite the lower birth weight??BMI and leptin levels in FGRs?? there was no difference for the levels of inflammatory markers hs-CRP and PAI-1 between IUGR and AGA fetuses/neonates.The CRP level in both studied groups fluctuated from fetus to neonate stage might attribute to parturition stress and adaptation recovery.     

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功能性构音障碍(functional articulation disorder,FAD)是最常见的语言障碍[1],患儿常因语音不清造成人际交往困难和一系列情绪及行为问题。目前国内有关FAD的研究较少,对FAD儿童感觉统合能力的研究尚未见报道。为探讨FAD儿童的感觉统合能力发展水平及其在FAD发生中的作用,我们对FAD患儿和正常儿童进行了感觉统合能力的对照研究,现将结果报告如下。1对象和方法1.1对象病例组:以2005-01—2006-06来我院发育儿科就诊的以吐字不清为主诉的6~12岁儿童为研究对象,符合FAD诊断标准者共38例,其中男35例,女3例。FAD的诊断依据日本听力言…     

MRI鉴别新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病与急性胆红素脑病的价值

目的：新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE) 与急性胆红素脑病的脑损害部位、早期临床症状存在相似性,应用影像学方法鉴别两类疾病有一定的临床意义。该文探讨常规磁共振成像（MRI）和扩散加权成像（DWI）鉴别新生儿HIE与急性胆红素脑病的价值。方法：回顾性分析该院2006年11月至2008年6月收治住院的15例伴有基底节累及的HIE新生儿和18例急性胆红素脑病新生儿的常规MRI表现;并进一步分析其中11例HIE及10例急性胆红素脑病患儿的DWI特点。结果：5例HIE患儿T1WI出现苍白球高信号,16例急性胆红素脑病患儿表现为苍白球高信号,HIE患儿苍白球高信号的出现率低于急性胆红素脑病（P<0.01）。9例HIE患儿出现壳核高信号,急性胆红素脑病患儿壳核均无高信号。急性胆红素脑病患儿底丘脑高信号的出现率高于HIE患儿（55.6% vs 13.3%, P<0.05）。HIE组和急性胆红素脑病组分别有8例和2例患儿还出现了脑内其他部位的异常信号（P<0.05）。7例HIE患儿DWI上,基底节出现高信号,而急性胆红素脑病患儿均无基底节异常信号。结论： 常规MRI及DWI有助于鉴别新生儿HIE和急性胆红素脑病。［中国当代儿科杂志,2009,11（3）：181-184］     

新生儿胆红素脑病的研究进展

胆红素脑病是新生儿黄疸较严重的合并症,可分为急性胆红素脑病和慢性胆红素脑病,后者又称之为核黄疸。其发生机制目前尚未完全清楚,临床表现不一,但听觉和运动障碍是其主要后遗症。脑干听觉诱发电位的检测对早期诊断核黄疸及筛选感音神经性听力丧失非常有益。胆红素脑病的急性期MRI可显示双侧苍白球对称性T1加权高信号,而慢性期转变为T2加权高信号。磁共振波谱在胆红素脑病中的临床应用价值尚有待研究和证实。     

Successful treatment of Wernicke's encephalopathy in a boy with acute mixed lineage leukemia

Abstract A 12-year-old boy had been treated with multiagent chemotherapy for acute mixed lineage leukemia and with intravenous hyperalimentation due to persistent diarrhea and vomiting for 2 months. He suddenly complained of horizontal nystagmus and gait disturbance followed by oculomotor palsy and disorientation within a few days. Blood tests revealed low serum vitamin Bl and high serum pyruvate. Magnetic resonance imaging in T2-weighted axial image revealed a high signal inside the bilateral thalami, mamillary bodies and periaquaductal gray matter. He was diagnosed as Wernicke's encephalopathy and successfully treated with vitamin Bl. Careful observation and adequate treatment are emphasized in the management of this preventable and curable disease.     

早期认知训练联合重复经颅磁刺激在新生儿胆红素脑病康复中的应用效果

目的 探讨早期认知训练联合重复经颅磁刺激在新生儿胆红素脑病康复中的应用效果。方法2016年9月至2019年9月,在深圳市龙华区人民医院高危儿门诊随访的88例新生儿胆红素脑病患儿,在病情稳定出院3 d内即由高危儿门诊联合康复科将患儿纳入系统高危随访管理并干预,依从家长意愿将入选病例分为两组,分别为对照组(50例,接受早期认知训练)和观察组(38例,给予早期认知训练同时结合重复经颅磁刺激治疗),对比两组患儿不同月龄新生儿神经行为评分(neonatal behavioral neurological assessment,NBNA)、婴幼儿智力发育检查量表(children’s developmental center of China,CDCC)、0～6岁小儿神经心理发育检查表(儿-心量表)评估情况。统计学方法采用独立样本t检验、χ²检验。结果 1月龄,观察组患儿的NBNA评分高于对照组[(35.7±4.4)与(31.8±2.9)分],差异有统计学意义(t=10.108,P<0.05);干预6、9、12个月后,两组患儿的智能发育(mental developme...     

Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion in Kawasaki disease

Herein we describe the case of a 7‐month‐old girl with Kawasaki disease (KD) in whom status epilepticus with fever developed on day 3 and cluster of seizures on day 6 of illness, followed by severe disturbance of consciousness afterward. Diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging on day 6 of illness showed diffuse high signals in the bilateral subcortical white matter, while electroencephalogram indicated low‐voltage slow waves. This indicated acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD); severe neurological sequelae remained. This is the first report of AESD as a complication of KD.     

Magnetic resonance imaging in children with neonatal asphyxia: correlation with developmental sequelae

Magnetic resonance (MR) findings and developmental sequelae were examined in 60 patients with neonatal asphyxia. Nine patients with marked destruction of the cerebrum had the severest motor and mental disability. Six had lesions of the periventricular white matter and thalamus. Seven had border zone infarction with lesions of the white matter and thalamus. Nine had lesions of the middle-lateral part of the thalamus, putamen and peri-Rolandic area. Five with lesions of the thalamus, putamen and cerebral white matter had the severest motor and mental disability. Twenty with lesions of the thalamus and/or putamen had athetosis or clumsiness. Four with lesions of the opercular region, white matter and thalamus had feeding difficulty. Some correlation between MR findings and developmental sequelae was recognized.     

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Athetotic Cerebral Palsied Children

ABSTRACT. The magnetic resonance findings in 22 children with athetotic cerebral palsy were studied. Sixteen had perinatal asphyxia, two had neonatal jaundice, and four had no association with predisposing conditions. In six of the children, symmetrical high intensity areas were found in both the thalamus and putamen in T2-weighted images. In five children they were seen only in the thalamus, and in another one only in the putamen. In six children, symmetrical periventricular high intensity areas were seen. In seven of the subjects, no abnormal magnetic resonance findings were seen. Magnetic resonance lesions, possibly caused by asphyxia, were found in the basal ganglia, thalamus and/or cerebral white matter in 14 of 16 children. Three children with lesions only in the cerebral white matter had mild motor abnormality, and six children with lesions in both the thalamus and putamen did not have mild abnormality.     

Magnetic resonance imaging findings in cerebral palsy

OBJECTIVE: To review all cases of cerebral palsy (CP) that had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over a defined period of time. METHODOLOGY: The MRI brain scans of 42 children (12 premature, 30 full-term) with CP were studied. The scans were performed at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, between January 1995 and June 1996. RESULTS: Abnormalities were found in 39 of the 42 scans. Five children had cortical malformations and three children had white matter hypoplasia, indicating insults during the second trimester of pregnancy. Twenty-one children had hypoxic-ischaemic lesions (eight premature, 13 full-term) with patterns of periventricular leucomalacia, subcortical lesions or cortical infarction indicating insults perinatally or in the third trimester. Only 10 children had scans that could not be categorized into these groups. CONCLUSIONS: In this study sample of children with CP, MRI was useful in revealing underlying brain abnormalities, most of which were due to events in the third trimester or the perinatal period.     

150例小儿脑性瘫痪的临床、CT与磁共振分析

研究目的 探讨小儿脑瘫患者CT及磁共振(MRI)形态学改变。 研究方法 对150例脑瘫患儿进行CT与MRI检查,并对其结果进行分析。 结果 150例中,CT异常者97例,占64.65%。弥漫性脑萎缩(42例)、脑软化灶(24例)、脑穿通畸形(9例)、局限性脑萎缩(7例)等是儿童脑瘫常见的CT形态学改变。CT检查正常者53例中,30例行MRI检查,异常25例,占83.3％。脑白质髓鞘形成延迟(14例)是主要的MRI形态学异常。 结论 CT和MRI检查对小儿脑瘫的病因学诊断有重要价值,两者结合可提高诊断符合率。