皮康外洗液的药效学初步研究

目的：探讨皮康外洗液的抗炎、抗过敏及抗菌作用。方法：采用抗炎实验、迟发性过敏反应、体外抑菌试验等方法进行研究。结果：皮康外洗液对二甲苯诱导的小鼠耳廓肿胀及2，4-二硝基氟苯诱导的小鼠迟发性过敏反应均有明显抑制作用，对豚鼠脱毛区皮肤无刺激反应，抑菌实验表明对绿脓杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等多种致病菌有一定的抑制作用。结论：皮康外洗液具有较好的抗炎及抗菌作用，且对皮肤无刺激，本研究为该药治疗小儿皮肤病提供了初步的药效学资料。     

复方半夏水提取物药理作用研究

目的：研究复方半夏水提取物的抗过敏、抗病毒、抗菌作用。方法：用蓝斑实验检测药物对被动皮肤过敏反应的影响;用二硝基氟苯法检测药物对迟发型变态反应的影响;用肉芽肿实验研究药物的抗炎作用;体外实验研究药物的抗菌和抗病毒作用。结果：复方半夏水提取物可剂量依赖性地减小致敏后皮肤的蓝斑直径并显著降低蓝斑光密度,对小鼠耳肿胀度、胸腺指数和脾指数无明显影响,对大鼠棉球肉芽肿重量系数无显著影响。复方半夏水提取物对白葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、甲型和乙型溶血链球菌无明显杀菌作用,可抑制呼吸合胞病毒的生长。结论：复方半夏水提取物具有抗病毒、抗被动皮肤过敏反应,但无抗菌、抗炎作用,对迟发性变态反应也无影响。     

肠痈膏的药理毒理实验研究

本文对肠痈膏进行了初步的药理毒理的实验研究。实验结果证明:该药能较快地透过皮肤,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及绿脓杆菌有不同程度的抑菌作用,对巴豆油所致小鼠耳部炎症和大鼠甲醛性足胀均有显著的抑制作用。对家兔眼结膜和股四头肌无明显的刺激现象,以上结果表明肠痈膏具有抗炎、抑菌作用。且无刺激性。     

复方黄松洗液主要药效学研究

目的: 研究复方黄松洗液在抗炎、镇痛、抑菌、杀虫等方面的作用.方法: 采用小鼠耳壳肿胀试验,大鼠足跖肿胀试验,小鼠舔足反应及扭体试验,并取金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、乙型链球菌、淋球菌、白色念珠菌等分别涂布于相应的琼脂平板表面,观察各种浓度的复方黄松洗液的抑菌作用,测定最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC). 结果: 复方黄松洗液对小鼠耳壳肿胀、大鼠足跖肿胀、小鼠舔足反应及小鼠扭体反应均有明显的抑制作用,复方黄松洗液原药对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、淋球菌、白色念珠菌有抑制和杀灭作用.结论: 复方黄松洗液具有抗炎、镇痛、抑菌和杀虫作用,能清热解毒,泻火燥湿,杀虫止痒.     

白花蛇舌草总黄酮的抗炎及抗菌作用

目的观察白花蛇舌草总黄酮抗炎及抗菌作用。方法采用二甲苯诱导小鼠耳肿胀模型、大鼠松节油气囊肉芽增生模型、新鲜蛋清诱导大鼠足爪肿胀模型、醋酸所致小鼠毛细血管通透性增高试验和体外抗菌试验,观察白花蛇舌草总黄酮的抗炎及抗菌作用。结果白花蛇舌草总黄酮(15、30、60mg·kg-1)对二甲苯诱导的小鼠耳肿胀和醋酸所致小鼠毛细血管通透性增高有一定的抑制作用;白花蛇舌草总黄酮(12、24、48mg·kg-1)对大鼠松节油气囊肉芽增生和新鲜蛋清诱导大鼠足爪肿胀亦有明显的抑制作用;在体外,白花蛇舌草总黄酮对球菌和杆菌均具有不同程度的抑菌和杀菌作用,且对球菌的作用优于杆菌。结论白花蛇舌草总黄酮具有抗炎及抗菌作用。     

创面灵抗过敏止痒作用及毒理学试验研究

目的：观察创面灵的抗过敏、止痒作用及其对皮肤的刺激性和皮肤用药急性毒性。方法：2,4-二硝基氯苯(DNCB)所致迟发型皮肤过敏反应观察其抗过敏作用,采用豚鼠皮肤过敏试验评分法研究其皮肤过敏作用,磷酸组织胺致痒法观察其止痒作用。结果：创面灵不同剂量均对DNCB所致小鼠迟发型过敏反应有一定抑制作用,并可显著提高磷酸组织胺致痒阈;外用后豚鼠皮肤无红斑及水肿发生,对皮肤刺激强度分值显著低于刺激强度评价标准;体外给药未见毒副反应。结论：创面灵具有抗过敏、止痒作用,对皮肤无过敏反应、无刺激性,体外使用无毒副作用。     

创面灵抗过敏止痒作用及毒理学试验研究

目的观察创面灵的抗过敏、止痒作用及其对皮肤的刺激性和皮肤用药急性毒性。方法2,4-二硝基氯苯(DNCB)所致迟发型皮肤过敏反应观察其抗过敏作用,采用豚鼠皮肤过敏试验评分法研究其皮肤过敏作用,磷酸组织胺致痒法观察其止痒作用。结果创面灵不同剂量均对DNCB所致小鼠迟发型过敏反应有一定抑制作用,并可显著提高磷酸组织胺致痒阈;外用后豚鼠皮肤无红斑及水肿发生,对皮肤刺激强度分值显著低于刺激强度评价标准;体外给药未见毒副反应。结论创面灵具有抗过敏、止痒作用,对皮肤无过敏反应、无刺激性,体外使用无毒副作用。     

创面灵抗过敏止痒作用及毒理学试验研究

目的：观察创面灵的抗过敏、止痒作用及其对皮肤的刺激性和皮肤用药急性毒性。方法：2,4－二硝基氯苯（DNCB）所致迟发型皮肤过敏反应观察其抗过敏作用,采用豚鼠皮肤过敏试验评分法研究其皮肤过敏作用,磷酸组织胺致痒法观察其止痒作用。结果：创面灵不同剂量均对DNCB所致小鼠迟发型过敏反应有一定抑制作用,并可显著提高磷酸组织胺致痒阈;外用后豚鼠皮肤无红斑及水肿发生,对皮肤刺激强度分值显著低于刺激强度评价标准;体外给药未见毒副反应。结论：创面灵具有抗过敏、止痒作用,对皮肤无过敏反应,无刺激性,体外使用无毒副作用。     

红核妇洁洗液抗炎、止痒及抗菌作用研究

目的观察红核妇洁洗液的抗炎、止痒及抗菌作用。方法通过二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、醋酸致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性、小鼠皮下琼脂肉芽肿、豚鼠磷酸组胺致痒阈实验及白色假丝酵母菌感染兔阴道炎模型,观察红核妇洁洗液抗炎、止痒及抗菌作用。结果红核妇洁洗液能够显著抑制二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀(P<0.01),显著降低小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性(P<0.01),抑制小鼠琼脂肉芽肿的形成(其中高、中剂量组P<0.01),提高豚鼠的致痒阈(P<0.01);并对兔霉菌性阴道炎具有显著的治疗作用。结论红核妇洁洗液具有显著的抗炎、止痒及抗菌作用。     

痔疮外洗液的药效学研究

目的研究痔疮外洗液的抗炎、镇痛和止血作用。方法采用巴豆油致小鼠耳廓肿胀实验及角叉菜胶致大鼠足趾肿胀实验观察痔疮外洗液对抗炎作用的影响;用小鼠热板法观察痔疮外洗液的镇痛作用;用小鼠断尾实验观察痔疮外洗液对出血的影响。结果痔疮外洗液能有效减轻小鼠耳廓肿胀度（P〈0．05）;能显著抑制大鼠足趾肿胀（P〈0．05）;对热刺激所致小鼠疼痛无明显镇痛作用（P〉0．05）;可明显缩短出血时间（P〈0．05）。结论痔疮外洗液具有明显的抗炎、止血作用,其镇痛作用不显著。     

柴菊口服液的抗病毒抑菌和抗炎解热作用

目的:考察柴菊口服液抗病毒抑菌和抗炎解热作用。方法:采用细胞病变抑制法、琼脂稀释法、小鼠流感病毒感染法来研究柴菊口服液对常见呼吸道病毒和细菌的抑制作用;采用小鼠耳廓肿胀法、小鼠腹腔致炎法和细菌内毒素致家兔发热法研究柴菊口服液的抗炎解热作用。结果:柴菊口服液对流感病毒甲3型(A3)、副流感病毒1型(HVJ)、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、单纯疱疹病毒1和2型(HSV-1,HSV-2)以及所试6种细菌56株菌株均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中对副流感病毒和金葡菌的抑制作用较强。高、中、低剂量(19.2,9.6,4.8 g生药.kg-1)柴菊口服液能不同程度降低流感病毒感染小鼠的肺指数(P<0.01或0.05),增加感染小鼠的体重(P<0.05),减少感染小鼠的死亡率(P<0.05),延长感染小鼠的存活时间(P<0.01或0.05);高中剂量柴菊口服液能显著抑制二甲苯引起的小鼠耳廓炎性肿胀(P<0.05);高、中、低剂量柴菊口服液能够明显降低醋酸引起的小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性(P<0.01或0.05);高剂量(19.2 g生药.kg-1)柴菊口服液对细菌内毒素引起的家兔体温升高有较好的解热作用(P<0.05)。结论:柴菊口服液具有较明显的抗病毒抑菌和抗炎解热功效。     

4－甲氧基－2－巯基－N－氧化吡啶钠的抗肿瘤及免疫抑制作用

４－个甲氧基－２－巯基－Ｎ－氧化吡啶钠（４－甲氧基巯氧吡啶钠，ＳｏｄｉｕｍＭｅｔｈｏｘｙｐｙｒｉｄｉｎｅｔｈｉｏｎｅ，ＳＭＰＴ）在试管内０．０１ｍｇ·Ｌ－１可抑制多种传代人癌细胞林，抑制细胞有丝分裂和损害细胞膜相结构，单用对动物移植性肿瘤无效，但明显增强氟脲嘧啶对小鼠Ｓ１８０的抑癌作用。使胸腺和脾脏重量明显减轻，抑制ＳＲＢＣ诱导的小鼠血清溶血素反应，抑制ＤＮＣＢ诱导的豚鼠皮肤迟发型超敏反应，抑制ＰＨＡ诱导的大鼠３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ参入的淋巴细胞转化。与２－巯基－Ｎ－氧化吡啶钠（巯氧吡啶钠，ＳｏｄｉｕｍＰｙｒｉｄｉｎｅｔｈｉｏｎｅ．ＳＰＴ）比较，小鼠ＬＤ５０（ｉｐ）增大，而试管内抑瘤的ＩＣ５０相近。     

4－甲氧基－2－巯基－N－氧化吡啶钠的抗肿瘤及免疫抑制作用

４－个甲氧基－２－巯基－Ｎ－氧化吡啶钠（４－甲氧基巯氧吡啶钠，ＳｏｄｉｕｍＭｅｔｈｏｘｙｐｙｒｉｄｉｎｅｔｈｉｏｎｅ，ＳＭＰＴ）在试管内０．０１ｍｇ·Ｌ－１可抑制多种传代人癌细胞林，抑制细胞有丝分裂和损害细胞膜相结构，单用对动物移植性肿瘤无效，但明显增强氟脲嘧啶对小鼠Ｓ１８０的抑癌作用。使胸腺和脾脏重量明显减轻，抑制ＳＲＢＣ诱导的小鼠血清溶血素反应，抑制ＤＮＣＢ诱导的豚鼠皮肤迟发型超敏反应，抑制ＰＨＡ诱导的大鼠３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ参入的淋巴细胞转化。与２－巯基－Ｎ－氧化吡啶钠（巯氧吡啶钠，ＳｏｄｉｕｍＰｙｒｉｄｉｎｅｔｈｉｏｎｅ．ＳＰＴ）比较，小鼠ＬＤ５０（ｉｐ）增大，而试管内抑瘤的ＩＣ５０相近。     

祛痤胶囊的药效学研究

目的研究祛痤胶囊治疗痤疮的药效学机制。方法研究祛痤胶囊对巴豆油致小鼠耳肿胀、大鼠棉球肉芽肿、丙酸杆菌致大鼠耳廓痤疮模型的影响,及常见皮肤致病菌的影响。结果祛痤胶囊可显著抑制巴豆油致小鼠耳肿胀度,能明显抑制大鼠棉球肉芽肿的形成,可显著降低大鼠耳廓痤疮模型的肿胀率和病理改变,对常见的皮肤致病菌有显著的抑菌作用。结论祛痤胶囊有显著的抗炎、抗菌作用,可显著抑制痤疮模型的肿胀率和病理改变。     

2-巯基-N-氧化吡啶钠的抗肿瘤及抑制免疫作用

2—巯基—N—氧化吡啶钠(巯氧吡啶钠Sodium Pyridineth-ione,SPT)在试管内0.01mg/L可抑制多种传代人癌细胞株;抑制细胞有丝分裂和损害细胞膜相结构;对动物移植性肿瘤无效,但明显增强氟脲嘧啶对小鼠S_(180)的抑瘤作用。使胸腺和脾脏重量明显减轻,抑制SRBC诱导小鼠血清溶血素反应,抑制DNCB诱导豚鼠皮肤迟发型超敏反应,抑制PHA诱导大鼠淋巴细胞转化。     

Oxazolone-induced delayed type hypersensitivity reaction in the adult yucatan pigs. A useful model for drug development and validation

The purpose of this study was to establish a model of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction in the ear skin of large animals such as adult Yucatan pigs, which may aid in evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic modalities of newly developed anti-inflammatory drugs. The pigs were sensitized with oxazolone, re-challenged with the same irritant six days later, and dosed with either vehicle or with cyclosporine A (CsA) before and after challenge. CsA reduced the redness, inhibited the accumulation of ear fluid and inflammatory cells, as well as the release of the inflammatory mediators. Further, CsA inhibited the proliferation of T cells collected from the spleens or PBMCs of CsA-treated pigs when these cells were stimulated in vitro with PMA plus Ionomycin. These results indicate that pig skin can be used to evaluate modalities for the purpose of developing drugs that may be used to treat DTH in humans.     

Delayed type hypersensitivity to benzoyl peroxide

Benzoyl peroxide (BP) has been a standard and effective topical treatment for acne vulgaris for the past 35 years. Previous studies and case reports have documented benzoyl peroxide to be a strong irritant and a weak allergen, with many cases of tolerance induced with repeat use of this irritant. While less common, numerous cases of BP-induced allergic contact dermatitis (delayed type hypersensitivity reaction) have been reported in the literature. We report here an individual with an incipient edematous reaction to topical BP used for acne therapy. This under-recognized presentation is discussed in the context of published literature on BP-induced hypersensitivity and irritation.     

消炎抗菌片的抗菌活性及对福氏志贺氏菌的抗菌机制初步探讨

目的:研究武汉大学人民医院院内制剂消炎抗菌片对14种不同菌株的抑菌活性,并初步探讨其对福氏志贺菌(Shigella flexner)的抑菌机制。方法:采用K-B法和液体二倍稀释法,测定消炎抗菌片对14种常见致病菌株的抑菌活性,并以药物敏感性较强且与药物主要临床疗效相关的福氏志贺菌为受试菌,从药物对该细菌生长特性的影响、电导率变化,以及SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)谱带,考察给药后菌体变化情况。结果:消炎抗菌片对福氏志贺菌、铜绿假单胞杆菌、藤黄微球菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等14个菌种及菌株具有不同程度的抑制作用,总体对革兰阴性菌抑菌效果比革兰阳性菌强;药物作用福氏志贺菌后,菌悬液电导率与对照组相比显著升高,SDS-PAGE结果显示经消炎抗菌片处理的菌体无明显蛋白条带形成。结论:本院院内制剂消炎抗菌片对14种菌株具有不同程度的抗菌活性,能够显著影响福氏志贺菌的细胞膜通透性,且对菌体蛋白具有一定抑制作用。     

Adverse and beneficial effects of plant extracts on skin and skin disorders

Plants are of relevance to dermatology for both their adverse and beneficial effects on skin and skin disorders respectively. Virtually all cultures worldwide have relied historically, or continue to rely on medicinal plants for primary health care. Approximately one-third of all traditional medicines are for treatment of wounds or skin disorders, compared to only 1-3% of modern drugs. The use of such medicinal plant extracts for the treatment of skin disorders arguably has been based largely on historical/anecdotal evidence, since there has been relatively little data available in the scientific literature, particularly with regard to the efficacy of plant extracts in controlled clinical trials. In this article therefore, adverse and beneficial aspects of medicinal plants relating to skin and skin disorders have been reviewed, based on recently available information from the peer-reviewed scientific literature. Beneficial aspects of medicinal plants on skin include: healing of wounds and burn injuries (especially Aloe vera); antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial and acaricidal activity against skin infections such as acne, herpes and scabies (especially tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil); activity against inflammatory/immune disorders affecting skin (e.g. psoriasis); and anti-tumour promoting activity against skin cancer (identified using chemically-induced two-stage carcinogenesis in mice). Adverse effects of plants on skin reviewed include: irritant contact dermatitis caused mechanically (spines, irritant hairs) or by irritant chemicals in plant sap (especially members of the Ranunculaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Compositae plant families); phytophotodermatitis resulting from skin contamination by plants containing furocoumarins, and subsequent exposure to UV light (notably members of the Umbelliferae and Rutaceae plant families); and immediate (type I) or delayed hypersensitivity contact reactions mediated by the immune system in individuals sensitized to plants or plant products (e.g. peanut allergy, poison ivy (Toxicodendron) poisoning).     

Topical anti-inflammatory activity of dianemycin isolated fromStreptomyces sp. MT 2705-4

In order to develop new anti-inflammatory agents having different action mechanisms compared with nonsteroidal and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the culture broths of various actinomycetes isolated from soil were screened using anin vivo mouse ear edma assay and one strain (Streptomyces sp. MT 2705-4: KCTC 8651P) was selected. Activity-guided purification led to the isolation of a polyether compound, dianemycin. Topically, dianemycin showed a potent anti-inflammatory activity in mouse ear edema induced by croton-oil or arachidonic acid. ED(50) value of dianemycin was found to be 0.8 mg/ear compared to 0.4 mg/ear of prednisolone in croton-oil ear edema. However, dianemycin did not show the inhibitory activity in UV-erythema and delayed hypersensitivity reaction. These results indicate that dianemycin is a potential topical anti-inflammatory agent.