右心室快速刺激诊断间隔部快旁道的方法学探讨

目的：探讨心动过速时右心室起搏诊断间隔快旁道引起的房室折返性心动过速与间隔部房室折返性心动过速的临床价值。方法：采用心动过速时右室快速起搏方法（即心动过速时,以短于心动过速周长20ms起搏右室心尖部）将142例患者分别诊断为74例慢-快型房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）和68例间隔部房室折返性心动过速（AVRT）,并观察体表QRS的变化及相应的心房激动时限变化。结果：心动过速时右室快速起搏,74例AVNRT患者出现融合波时,心房激动均未被影响;68例间隔隐匿性AVRT患者均在最后1—3个心室融合波时心房提前激动。结论：快速右室心尖部起搏在诊断间隔隐匿性AVRT的敏感性、特异性极高,均达100％,且简单易行。     

右室间隔部起搏和右室心尖部起搏对比研究

目的评估右室间隔部起搏和右室心尖部起搏对心功能及各起搏参数的影响。方法 30例植入VVI型起搏器患者（间隔部起搏、右室心尖部起搏各15例）,分析起搏器时及植入1年后心功能及起搏参数差异。结果有效起搏时及1年后间隔部和心尖部起搏电极阻抗、电压阈值、R波高度差异无统计学意义。但1年后2组患者射血分数（EF）值差异显著。结论右心室间隔部起搏和右心室心尖部起搏同样安全、有效,右室心尖部起搏可致左室收缩不同步及左室功能降低。     

组织多普勒评价右室心尖部起搏和右室间隔部起搏对心脏血流动力学的影响

目的:旨在观察右室心尖部起搏和右室间隔部起搏对心室激动顺序?心室收缩的同步性和心功能的影响?方法:40例病窦综合征或Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞患者随机实施右室心尖部起搏和右室间隔部起搏,每起搏部位各20例?于术后3个月,利用组织多普勒速度-时间曲线分别测量室间隔及左室各壁的基底段?中间段?心尖段的收缩达峰时间,测量心脏指数(CI)?每搏量(SV)?左室射血分数(LVEF)?左室舒张末内径(LVDd)?结果:右室间隔部起搏时CI?SV?LVEF均比右室心尖部起搏显著增加,收缩达峰时间显著缩短且一致性好(P < 0.05)?右室间隔部起搏的同步性GSCA显著高于右室心尖部起搏?结论:右室间隔起搏接近正常的房室和心室激动顺序,较右室心尖部起搏对左室收缩功能的影响小,是一种较为理想的起搏部位?     

左心室起搏在判定左侧旁路射频导管消融终点中的运用

目的探讨左心室起搏在判定左侧旁路射频导管消融终点中的价值。方法120例左侧旁路参与的顺传型房室折返性心动过速患者,在射频导管消融前、后均行右心室心尖部S1S1分级递增刺激;射频导管消融后在右心室心尖部刺激显示经旁路的室房逆传被完全阻断后,经大头电极在消融靶点处或左心室游离壁进行S1S1刺激。结果在常规右心室S1S1刺激显示旁路逆传被阻断之后,共有5例患者在经大头电极以相同的条件在左心室刺激时显示旁路逆传仍然存在,有3例仍能诱发出房室折返性心动过速。5例均继续行射频导管消融,直至右心室心尖部及左心室刺激均无经旁路室房逆传。平均随访(17±10)个月,均无心室预激及房室折返性心动过速复发。结论左心室起搏可作为判断左侧旁路是否被完全阻断的常规电生理检查手段。     

左、右心室起搏判断左侧房室旁路逆传功能的对比研究(摘要)

目的：探讨左、右心室起搏时左侧房室旁路逆传功能有何异同点。方法：近几年来我院经射频消融证实为左侧房室旁路并房室折返性心动过速的患者258例，所有患者放电消融前、后在右室心尖部和左心室行S1S1和／或S1S2刺激，观察逆传心房激动顺序、有无文氏逆传现象和室房分离或递减传导。结果：共有前间隔旁路5例和中间隔旁路3例，放电消融前左、右心室S1S1刺激逆传心房激动均呈向心性，S1S1（180次／分钟室房逆传仍呈1：1，S1S2刺激不呈递减传导，室上性心动过速时在希斯束不应期行心室RS2刺激，S2能够预激心房；有效消融后S1S1（150次／分钟呈室房分离，S1S2刺激呈递减传导。其余均为左后、左侧游离壁和左前旁路，放电消融前左、右心室S1S1刺激时逆传心房激动顺序呈偏心性，此时不再行心室S1S2刺激和RS2刺激；消融后右心室S1S1刺激逆传心房激动顺序呈向心性，S1S1（150次／分钟呈室房分离，而在左心室标测、消融处行S1S1刺激有10例患者逆传心房激动顺序仍呈偏心性，改行左室心尖部S1S1刺激逆传心房激动顺序仍呈偏心性，提示旁路逆传功能仍然存在，继续标测消融后在左心室标测处和左室心尖部行S1S1刺激逆传心房激动顺序由偏心性变为向心性，提示消融成功。结论：左心室刺激有助于提高左侧旁路患者射频消融的成功率。     

右室流入道靠后间隔翼状电极心内膜起搏13例临床分析

目的:探讨右室流入道靠后间隔翼状电极心内膜起搏的临床可行性。方法:将植入永久性VVI心室起搏器患者23例分为两组,右室流入道起搏组13例,其中病态窦房结综合征10例,房室传导阻滞3例;右室心尖部起搏组10例,其中病态窦房结综合征8例,房室传导阻滞2例。采用弯钢丝或直钢丝技术,将心室电极导线固定于右室心尖部或右室流入道靠后间隔心内膜处。从起搏阈值、起搏心电图近期对两部位进行比较。结果:两组均成功植入了导线和脉冲发生器。随访无1例发生电极脱位,囊袋感染,电极起搏及感知不良等现象。起搏阈值在植入时和植入后1、3和12月差异无统计学意义。结论:流入道心内膜起搏未出现阈值升高现象,起搏稳定可行。     

不同部位DDD起搏对心输出量的影响

目的:在房室顺序起搏下,比较右心耳、右室心尖部和右室流出道起搏时心输出量(CO)的变化,明确右室流出道起搏是否优于右宝心尖部起搏。方法:18例病窦综合征的病人分别按顺序进行右心耳、房室顺序右室心尖部和房室顺序右室流出道起搏,采用心导管法分别测定肺毛细血管楔压(PCWP)和CO,并计算心脏指数,记录心电图。结果:右室心尖部起搏时CO较右心耳起搏降低19％(P<0.01),右室流出道起搏时CO较右心耳起搏降低9.4％(P<0.05),而较心尖部起搏提高12％(P<0.05)。心尖部起搏和流出道起搏较右心耳起搏体表心电图QRS波时限明显延长,而室间隔起搏体表心电图QRS时限比心尖部起搏平均缩短18ms(P<0.001)。结论:在房室顺序起搏下,短期的右室流出道起搏较右室心尖部更有利于心输出量的改善,更接近生理性起搏。     

导管射频消融治疗特发性室性心动过速

目的:报道不同起源部位特发性室性心动过速(IVT)经导管射频消融(RFCA)治疗结果。方法:采用起搏标测及激动顺序标测法,右室特发性室速(IRVT)和其他未诱发的左室特发性室速(ILVT)均以起搏与室速(VT)发作时,12导联心电图QRS波形态完全相同处为靶点。左室特发性室速(ILVT)起自间隔部者以最早的P电位处为靶点,RFCA治疗IVT。结果:RFCA治疗IVT的成功率93.7%,IVT起源于左室后间隔2例,左室间隔基底部2例,左室游离壁1例,右室心尖部3例,右室流出道中间隔3例、后间隔2例。结论:IVT经RFCA的关键是消融靶点的确定,可根据VT发作时心电图估计其起源部位,IVT的RFVA成功率高。     

右室流出道起搏与右室心尖起搏QRS波对比研究

目的评估右室间隔部起搏与右室心尖起搏的效果。方法将96例起搏器植入患者分为右室心尖起搏组（58例）与右室流出道间隔起搏组（38例）,其中流出道间隔起搏组又分为高位间隔组（25例）和低位间隔组（13例）。测量各组术前、术后完全起搏的QRS时限（QRSd）、术后完全起搏的QRSd与术前QRSd的差值（ΔQRSd）。结果右室流出道间隔起搏组完全起搏时QRSd短于右室心尖起搏组[（139±8.6）ms vs（156±15.4）ms,P〈0.001],右室流出道间隔起搏组ΔQRSd〈右室心尖起搏组[（39±10.9）ms vs（57±13.2）ms,P〈0.001]。高位间隔组与低位间隔组术后、术前QRSd、ΔQRSd均无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论右室流出道间隔部起搏比右室心尖起搏更接近生理性起搏。     

右室不同部位起搏的临床观察

目的：观察右室不同部位起搏对心室重构和心功能的影响.方法：所选患者均植入人工双腔永久起搏器.据右室电极植入部位的不同分为右室心尖部起搏组和右室间隔部起搏组.常规彩超测定左室射血分数、心输出量、室间隔厚度;应用组织多普勒测量室间隔及左室基底段、心尖段的收缩达峰时间;BNP的变化.随访时间18个mo.结果：两组间比较,LVEF,CO无显著性差异（P≥0.05）,室间隔厚度出现差异（P≤0.05）.应用组织多普勒测量两组间不同节段的收缩达峰时间存在差异（P≤0.05）.间隔部起搏组BNP低于右室心尖部起搏组,差异有统计学意义（P≤0.05）.结论：长期心尖部起搏较易引起心室重构,BNP的升高,在观察过程中尚未发现心功能的下降.目的：观察右室不同部位起搏对心室重构和心功能的影响.方法：所选患者均植入人工双腔永久起搏器.据右室电极植入部位的不同分为右室心尖部起搏组和右室间隔部起搏组.常规彩超测定左室射血分数、心输出量、室间隔厚度;应用组织多普勒测量室间隔及左室基底段、心尖段的收缩达峰时间;BNP的变化.随访时间18个mo.结果：两组间比较,LVEF,CO无显著性差异（P≥0.05）,室间隔厚度出现差异（P≤0.05）.应用组织多普勒测量两组间不同节段的收缩达峰时间存在差异（P≤0.05）.间隔部起搏组BNP低于右室心尖部起搏组,差异有统计学意义（P≤0.05）.结论：长期心尖部起搏较易引起心室重构,BNP的升高,在观察过程中尚未发现心功能的下降.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.