64-slice spiral CT angiography in the diagnosis of aortic dissection

目的:探讨64层螺旋CT血管成像(CTA)在主动脉夹层(AD)诊断及术前评价中的应用价值.方法:58例连续性AD患者行64层螺旋CTA,对所有数据进行MPR、MIP、VR等重建分析.结果:CTA结果显示依据DeBakey分类法,Ⅰ型夹层14例,Ⅱ型2例,Ⅲ型42例.所有患者均存在明确的撕裂内膜片及真假腔,动脉期真腔平均CT值较假腔高,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000＜0.05).所有患者均明确显示了初始破口的位置,55例显示了一个或多个再破口,3例Ⅲ型患者未显示再破口.39例Ⅲ型患者初始破口位于主动脉弓降部或降胸主动脉近端,其近端瘤颈长度、宽度分别为0.4～10.8 cm(平均3.5 cm)、2.2～3.6 cm(平均2.8 cm),瘤体最大径为3.2～9.2 cm(平均5.4 cm).图像准确显示了所有患者主动脉重要分支受累以及假腔内血栓形成情况.结论:64层螺旋CT血管成像具有无创、快速、准确性高等优点,是主动脉夹层诊断及术前评价的可靠影像学检查方法之一.     

64层螺旋CT血管成像在主动脉夹层诊断中的临床价值

目的:探讨64层螺旋CT血管成像(CTA)在主动脉夹层(AD)诊断及术前评价中的应用价值。方法:58例连续性AD患者行64层螺旋CTA,对所有数据进行MPR、MIP、VR等重建分析。结果:CTA结果显示依据DeBakey分类法,Ⅰ型夹层14例,Ⅱ型2例,Ⅲ型42例。所有患者均存在明确的撕裂内膜片及真假腔,动脉期真腔平均CT值较假腔高,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000<0.05)。所有患者均明确显示了初始破口的位置,55例显示了一个或多个再破口,3例Ⅲ型患者未显示再破口。39例Ⅲ型患者初始破口位于主动脉弓降部或降胸主动脉近端,其近端瘤颈长度、宽度分别为0.4～10.8cm(平均3.5cm)、2.2～3.6cm(平均2.8cm),瘤体最大径为3.2～9.2cm(平均5.4cm)。图像准确显示了所有患者主动脉重要分支受累以及假腔内血栓形成情况。结论:64层螺旋CT血管成像具有无创、快速、准确性高等优点,是主动脉夹层诊断及术前评价的可靠影像学检查方法之一。     

双期增强CTA对主动脉夹层诊断价值的应用探讨

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)联合双期增强CT血管成像对主动脉夹层的诊断价值。方法选取分析本院30例确诊主动脉夹层行CTA检查资料,对比动脉期及延迟期真假两腔的CT值,评估内膜片、破口的显示率,并做统计学分析。结果 30例患者中,按De Bakey分型:Ⅰ型11例,Ⅱ型5例,Ⅲ型14例;其中28例患者清楚显示真假腔结构,显示率93.3%;动脉期真腔平均CT值(385.3±99.98) HU,高于假腔(327.0±91.34) HU,P 0.05,差异有统计学意义;延迟期真腔平均CT值(142.29±20.86) HU,低于假腔(149.53±21.87) HU,P 0.05,差异有统计学意义; 26例可见明显破口,破口最大宽约60 mm,最小宽约1 mm; 16例假腔壁周或夹层近端内血栓形成,血栓厚度最大为2.3 cm; 17例血管壁钙化; 4例心包积液。结论 MSCT联合双期增强MSCTA检查技术对于主动脉夹层具有无创、诊断迅速、准确性高等优点,能够为主动脉夹层的术前诊断与治疗决策提供影像学参考依据。     

旋转血管造影技术对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值

目的探讨旋转血管造影技术对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值。方法对21例蛛网膜下腔出血（subarachnoid hemorrhage，SAH）患者的脑血管造影检查资料进行回顾性分析，所有患者均行常规数字减影血管造影（digital subtraction angiography，DSA）及旋转DSA检查，比较DSA和旋转DSA对动脉瘤瘤体、瘤颈和载瘤血管的显示情况。结果④21例患者共发现动脉瘤23个，常规DSA仅清晰显示16个，旋转DSA清晰显示23个。②DSA清晰显示瘤颈4个，载瘤血管11个，旋转DSA清晰显示瘤颈17个，载瘤血管21个。经统计学处理，差异均具有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论旋转DSA比常规DSA更容易发现动脉瘤．能更清晰显示动脉瘤形态、位置以及与周围血管的关系，是常规DSA不可缺少的补充。     

64层3D-CTA与3D-DSA对颅内动脉瘤评价的对比研究

目的 对比评价64层螺旋CT三维血管造影(3D-CTA)与三维数字减影血管造影(3D-DSA)对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值.方法 28例临床怀疑颅内动脉瘤的患者均行64层螺旋CT血管造影和DSA,CT三维后处理主要包括容积重建(VR)及最大密度投影(MIP).常规二维DSA检查后,对可疑病变血管行旋转DSA检查,应用三维工作软件行3D后处理,比较3D-CTA与3D-DSA对动脉瘤显示的价值.结果 28例病例中22例CTA和DSA均显示动脉瘤并经手术或栓塞证实,其中1例CTA和DSA显示单个动脉瘤,手术证实为2个动脉瘤,1例CTA显示假阳性.3D-CTA与3D-DSA均能清楚显示动脉瘤形状、瘤径指向、瘤体直径、瘤颈、载瘤动脉、瘤体穿动脉情况,两者无明显差异.结论 64层3D-CTA在颅内动脉瘤诊断及细节显示上与3D-DSA无明显差异,一定程度上应能替代血管造影,指导临床治疗.     

16层CT血管造影对主动脉夹层的诊断价值

目的 探讨16层CT血管造影(16SCTA)对主动脉夹层的诊断价值和技术优势.方法 对39例主动脉夹层进行16-SCTA检查,采用多平面重建(MPR),曲面重建(CPR),容积再现(VR),最大密度投影(MIP)和仿真内镜(VE)多种图像后处理技术,并结合原始横断面增强图像进行综合分析.结果 根据DeBakey分型,本组39例主动脉夹层患者中,16SCTA显示Ⅰ型5例、Ⅱ型1例和Ⅲ型33例.显示真假腔39例(100%)、内膜片39例(100%)、内膜破口25例(64.1%)、假腔内血栓17例(43.6%).结论 16SCTA可作为主动脉夹层治疗前首选的影像学检查方法,价值可以肯定.     

双源CT在DeBakeyⅠ型主动脉夹层瓣膜置换术后抗凝对残余管腔重塑效果中的诊断应用

目的探讨双源CT低剂量回顾性心电门控CTA检查在De BakeyⅠ型主动脉夹层瓣膜置换术后抗凝残余管腔重塑效果中的诊断应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院30例De BakeyⅠ型患者的临床资料,分为A、B两组,A组(非换瓣组)19例,行"孙氏"手术;B组(换瓣组)11例,行"孙氏"手术+主动脉瓣置换术;所有患者术前及术后3~6个月均行双源CT低剂量回顾性心电门控CTA检查,测量腹腔干、肠系膜上动脉及双肾动脉根部水平主动脉真腔及相应水平腹主动脉直径,比较术前及术后换瓣组与非换瓣组在各水平真腔与腹主动脉的比值有无差异,间接评价主动脉夹层术后残余管腔的重塑效果。结果非换瓣组患者年龄及合并高血压、冠心病的发生率高于换瓣组,差异有统计学意义(P值分别为0.004、0.001、0.023);换瓣组合并马凡综合征的发生率高于非换瓣组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.003);非换瓣组与换瓣组分别在术前及术后腹腔干、肠系膜上动脉及双肾动脉根部水平真腔与腹主动脉的比值差异无统计学意义(非换瓣组P值分别为0.09、0.122、0.287;换瓣组P值分别为0.608、0.435、0.806)。结论术前是否累及主动脉瓣对主动脉夹层术后以远残余管腔的重塑无明显影响;双源CT主动脉CTA检查是一种可靠的诊断主动脉夹层瓣膜置换术后残余管腔重塑效果的检查方法。     

64层螺旋CT对主动脉夹层的应用价值

目的:探讨64层螺旋CT诊断主动脉夹层的临床价值。方法:39例拟诊为主动脉病变的患者作为本组研究对象,对所有患者行CT平扫及增强扫描。CT平扫图像上观察内膜钙化的移位、主动脉直径扩大、心包和/或纵隔积血、胸腔积液/血。并对A型和B型主动脉夹层的平扫征象进行统计学比较。CT增强图像上观察低密度的内膜瓣、破口(入口和再入口)、真假腔及主要动脉分支受累情况。结果:21例主动脉夹层中,CT平扫观察到钙化的内膜瓣移位9例(42.9%),主动脉直径增宽8例(38.1%),心包和/或纵隔积血8例(38.1%),胸腔积液/血5例(19.0%)。CT增强扫描对主动脉夹层内膜瓣的显示率达100%(21/21),对真、假腔的显示率为100%(21/21),对破口的显示率为85.7%(18/21)。8例(38.1%)弓上血管受累,5例(19.0%)内脏血管受累。结论:64层螺旋CT对主动脉夹层有较高的诊断价值,能较好的显示夹层的真假腔、内膜瓣及破口,并且可以显示主要动脉受累情况,为外科的手术治疗提供重要信息。     

旋转DSA技术在脑动脉瘤诊断中的应用

目的:对78例蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)的患者行脑血管DSA(digital subtraction angiography)造影,并对常规和旋转DSA的影像表现进行比较分析.方法:常规经右股动脉采用Seldinger技术穿刺插管至两侧颈内动脉、一侧椎动脉行全脑血管造影.每根行正位、侧位,再加旋转DSA造影.根据DSA的影像表现对脑动脉瘤的大小、分布、形态、瘤颈、有无血栓、破口及血流情况等进行分析.结果:64例脑动脉瘤患者常规正侧位造影显示动脉瘤者51例的55枚动脉瘤,检出率为76.4%(55/72);通过旋转DSA造影检出增加了13例的17枚动脉瘤,检出率提高了23.6%(17/72).结论:DSA造影是诊断脑动脉瘤的标准方法,而三维旋转DSA技术为多角度观察提供了方便,有效排除了血管成角、重叠等因素的干扰,可清晰显示脑动脉瘤的大小、形态、瘤颈、有无血栓、破口及血流等情况,特别是提高了小动脉瘤及复杂动脉瘤的检出率,对脑血管病变的诊断和治疗具有很大的应用价值.     

64层螺旋CT脑血管造影在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的应用

目的:与DSA相对照,探讨64层螺旋CT脑血管造影在颅内动脉瘤中的诊断价值。方法:对29例临床怀疑颅内动脉瘤的患者行64层螺旋CT脑血管造影(CTA)和DSA检查,使用GE64层Lightspeed VCT获得原始图像,所有病例均采用多层面重建(multiplanar reconstruction,MPR)、容积再现(volume rendering,VR)、薄层块最大密度投影(thin-slab maximumintensity projectjon,TS MIP)。后处理图像及DSA图像由2位放射科医生共同评估。结果:29例患者中,DSA证实25例共27个动脉瘤,其中2例为2个动脉瘤。与DSA结果相对照,CTA共检出25例26个动脉瘤,漏诊了1个颈出动脉瘤。CTA清晰显示了动脉瘤的形态、大小及载瘤动脉,3例动脉瘤瘤颈DSA未显示,CTA显示了全部动脉瘤的瘤颈。结论:64层CTA在颅内动脉瘤的诊断中具有极高价值,特别在显示动脉瘤瘤颈方面具有独特的优势,对临床治疗具有指导意义。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.