GemOX方案治疗老年复发难治性非霍奇金淋巴瘤疗效观察

目的 探讨吉西他滨联合奥沙利铂(GemOX方案)治疗老年复发难治性非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)的疗效和毒副反应.方法全组30例患者均接受GemOX方案化疗:吉西他滨1000 mg/m2,d1.8,静脉滴注;奥沙利铂130 mg/m2,d1,静脉滴注.每21 ～28 d为1个周期,完成2个周期化疗后评价疗效,完成1个周期化疗...     

吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗晚期食管癌的临床观察

目的 观察吉西他滨联合顺铂一线治疗晚期食管癌的临床疗效及毒副反应.方法 33例无法手术治疗的局部晚期食管癌患者接受吉西他滨联合顺铂方案:吉西他滨1 000 mg·m-2,d1.8,静脉滴注;顺铂30 mg ·m-2,d2～4,静脉滴注,21 d为1周期,所有患者均接受不少于2周期的化疗.治疗结束后评价疗效和毒副反应.结果　33均可评价疗效,其中CR 1例,PR 16例,SD 10例,PD 6例,总有效率为51.5％,临床获益率为81.8％,毒副反应主要是骨髓抑制和消化道反应,治疗有效的患者进食困难和胸痛均不同程度缓解.结论 吉西他滨联合顺铂一线治疗晚期食管癌可获得较好的疗效,且毒副反应可耐受.     

吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌30例临床分析

目的观察吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效及毒副反应。方法采用吉西他滨1000mg/m2,静脉滴注,第1,8天;顺铂20mg/m2,静脉滴注,第2～5天;3～4周为1周期,2周期后评价疗效及毒副反应。结果30例中完全缓解1例(3.3%),部分缓解9例(30%),总有效率33.3%,毒副反应主要为血小板减少。     

三维适形放疗同步奥沙利铂联合吉西他滨化疗治疗局部晚期胰腺癌的临床观察

目的 探讨三维适形放疗(3DCRT)同步奥沙利铂联合吉西他滨化疗治疗局部晚期胰腺癌的疗效和毒副反应.方法 入组局部晚期胰腺癌30例均接受3DCRT,总剂量45.0～50.4 Gy,5～6周内完成.在放疗的同时接受化疗,放疗结束后继续化疗2～4个周期,方案为:奥沙利铂100mg/m2,静脉滴注,d1;吉西他滨1 000 ...     

吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗26例复发性卵巢癌

[目的]评价吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗复发性卵巢癌的疗效和毒副反应。[方法]2007年10月至2009年6月经手术和病理证实的复发性卵巢癌患者26例,采用吉西他滨1000mg/m2,静脉滴注30min,第1、8d;顺铂75mg/m2,分为第1、2、3d静脉滴注,每21d为1个疗程。观察近期疗效和毒副反应。[结果]随访3～17个月,总有效率38.46%（10/26）,其中CR3例,PR7例,SD8例,PD8例。最常见的毒副反应是骨髓抑制和胃肠道毒性,主要为Ⅰ度、Ⅱ度。无化疗毒性相关性死亡。[结论]吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗复发性卵巢癌有一定的疗效,毒副反应可耐受。     

吉西他滨联合卡铂治疗晚期鼻咽癌的临床观察

目的观察吉西他滨联合卡铂方案治疗晚期复治鼻咽癌的疗效及毒性反应。方法34例均为一线含顺铂方案化疗失败的晚期鼻咽癌患者,给予吉西他滨与卡铂治疗,吉西他滨1000mg/m^2,静脉滴注,第1、8天;卡铂AUC5,静脉滴注,第2天,21d为1周期,每例患者治疗2周期以上。结果全组完全缓解4例,部分缓解17例,稳定8例,进展5例,总有效率为61.8%。中位生存期8.3个月,1年生存率为43.8%。最常见的毒副反应为骨髓抑制,Ⅲ～Ⅳ度白细胞和血小板下降发生率分别为35.3%和23.6%,其余毒副反应均轻微,可耐受。结论吉西他滨联合卡铂方案对一线含顺铂方案化疗失败的晚期鼻咽癌有较好的疗效,毒性反应可以耐受。     

多西他赛联合顺铂和5-氟脲嘧啶治疗转移性食管癌的临床研究

目的 观察多西他赛联合顺铂和5-氟脲嘧啶方案治疗转移性食管癌的近期疗效和毒副反应.方法 经病理学确诊的36例转移性食管癌接受多西他赛联合顺铂和5-氟脲嘧啶方案化疗,多西他赛75 mg/m2,静脉滴注,d1;顺铂80 mg/m2,静脉滴注,d1;5-氟脲嘧啶500 mg/m2,静脉滴注,d1～5;21 d为1周期,治疗4～6周期后评价疗效及毒副反应.结果 全组病例均可评价疗效,其中CR 2例,PR 18例,有效率为55.56%;主要的毒副反应为骨髓抑制,非血液学毒性较轻;无治疗相关死亡病例.结论 多西他赛联合顺铂和5-氟脲嘧啶方案治疗转移性食管癌疗效较好,毒副反应可耐受.     

长春瑞滨软胶囊联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌30例疗效观察

目的 观察长春瑞滨软胶囊联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的疗效及毒副反应.方法 30例晚期NSCLC均接受化疗:长春瑞滨软胶囊50mg/m2,口服,d1,8;顺铂30mg/m2,静脉滴注,d1,2,8,9,21 d为1个周期,治疗至少2个周期后评价疗效和毒副反应.结果 全组30例晚期NSCLC中,CR 0例,...     

吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗复发性T细胞淋巴瘤的临床观察

目的 观察吉西他滨联合顺铂、地塞米松方案治疗复发性T细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)的疗效和毒副反应.方法 全组18例,男性11例,女性7例.吉西他滨1 000 mg/m2,d1.8;顺铂25 mg/m2,d1-3;地塞米松40 mg/d,d1-4,21 d为1周期.化疗≥2个周期,评定疗效,并随访疾病进展情况.结果 12例有效.其中GR 3例,PR 9例,总有效率为66.67%,随访17例中位疾病进展时间4.1个月(1.5～29个月),1年生存率43.1%.毒副反应有中度的骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应和肝功损害.结论 吉西他滨联合顺铂、地塞米松方案为复发性T细胞淋巴瘤的挽救方案,值得进一步应用.     

GP方案序贯化疗放疗治疗中晚期鼻咽癌的初步观察

目的:评价吉西他滨+顺铂联合放疗序贯治疗中晚期鼻咽癌患者的疗效及其毒副反应,探讨中晚期鼻咽癌新的综合治疗方案.方法:采用常规放疗联合GP化疗方案序贯治疗中晚期(Ⅲ和ⅣA)鼻咽癌患者80例.吉西他滨800 mg/m2,静脉滴入,d1、d8;DDP 15 mg/m2,静脉滴入,d1～d5,每4周重复,共4个周期,并行常规放疗.评价其近远期疗效及毒副反应.结果:经治疗后80例患者鼻咽及颈部病灶均完全消失,病例随访≥3年.毒副反应主要表现骨髓抑制及胃肠道反应,尤其以血小板下降为明显.1、2和3年生存病例分别为80、78和78例;1例1年内复发,1例1年内发生骨转移并于首诊后16个月死亡,1例1～2年内发现复发转移并死亡;其余77例未发现复发转移.结论:吉西他滨+顺铂化疗联合放疗治疗中晚期鼻咽癌疗效显著,值得临床应用.     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

奥沙利铂联合羟基喜树碱治疗晚期胃癌临床分析

背景与目的体外及体内的临床研究显示,奥沙利铂(L-OHP)对多种肿瘤有显著抑制作用并与绝大多数抗癌药物具有相加或协同细胞毒作用.本文旨在观察L-OHP联合羟基喜树碱(HCPT)治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效和患者耐受性,并与传统的化疗方案进行对比.方法采用非随机的分组方法将43例晚期胃癌患者分为L-OHP+HCPT方案组(治疗组)与Vp-16+CF+5-FU(ELF)方案组(对照组),其中男性28例,女性15例,中位年龄59岁,KPS评分≥60,观察两组的近期疗效和患者耐受性.结果治疗组24例有效率58.3%(14/24),对照组19例有效率42.1%(8/19).治疗组有效率高于对照组,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05).两组不良反应主要是骨髓抑制、恶心、呕吐、口腔炎、周围神经炎、静脉炎、脱发等,均在Ⅰ、Ⅱ度范围内.结论L-OHP联合HCPT方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效较好,不良反应可以耐受.     

Varicella-Zoster Virus Prophylaxis with Low-Dose Acyclovir in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated with Bortezomib

BackgroundVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation is a common complication in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with bortezomib, with an incidence rate of 10%-60%. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of acyclovir prophylaxis in this patient population.Patients and MethodsWe studied 98 consecutive patients with relapsed MM treated with bortezomib. Bortezomib 1.3 mg/m² was given on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle. At first, patients did not receive any VZV prophylaxis, but because of the high incidence of VZV reactivation, VZV prophylaxis with acyclovir was implemented subsequently.ResultsA total of 11 patients treated with bortezomib did not have any VZV prophylaxis, and 4 of these 11 patients (36%) developed VZV reactivation in the form of herpes zoster. No VZV reactivations were observed in the 32 patients who received acyclovir 400 mg 3 times daily or the 55 patients who received acyclovir in a dose reduced to 400 mg once daily during bortezomib treatment.ConclusionVaricellazoster virus reactivation is a common and serious adverse effect of bortezomib treatment. Acyclovir 400 mg once daily is sufficient to protect from VZV reactivation in patients with MM treated with bortezomib.