MicroRNA与癌症的相关性研究进展(文献综述)

MicroRNAs（miRNAs）是一类长约22 nt的非编码单链RNA分子,在转录后水平调控基因的表达。miRNA能特异性诱导靶基因mRNA降解及抑制靶基因mRNA的翻译,同时在细胞的发生、发展、增殖、分化和凋亡过程中发挥重要的调节作用[1]。目前,人类基因组中已确认的miRNAs约500个,     

MicroRNA在免疫系统中的作用

MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是一类新型保守的非编码单链小分子RNA,广泛存在各种生物体中.miRNAs转录后水平调节基因的表达,主要通过结合到特定靶日标mRNA的3′UTRS端,导致蛋白翻译抑制或促进靶mRNA降解.miR-NAs在固有免疫和适应性免疫细胞中通过特定的表达谱调节细胞的分化和功能,其表达和功能失调将导致各种免疫性疾病发生,如癌症和自身免疫性疾病.本文中主要阐述目前miRNAs在免疫系统中的研究及其对各种自身免疫性疾病的影响.     

MicroRNA与癌症的相关性研究进展(文献综述)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs)是一类长约22 nt的非编码单链RNA分子,在转录后水平调控基因的表达.miRNA能特异性诱导靶基因mRNA降解及抑制靶基因mRNA的翻译,同时在细胞的发生、发展、增殖、分化和凋亡过程中发挥重要的调节作用[1].目前,人类基因组中已确认的miRNAs约500个,其中超过200种miRNAs与癌症发生有关.近年来,miRNA已被证实在癌症的发生、发展中发挥着重要的调控作用.本文就miRNA与癌症的相关性作一综述.     

MicroRNAs与T细胞关系的研究进展

MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是非编码蛋白质的单链小分子RNA,其主要在转录后水平通过降解靶mRNA或抑制蛋白质翻译来调控目的基因的表达,参与细胞的发育、分化、信号转导及肿瘤的发生、发展等多种重要的生物学进程。近年来的研究表明,miRNAs对机体免疫细胞具有多种调控功能。本文主要就近年来与T细胞的胸腺发育、分化及功能相关的miRNAs研究进展作一综述。     

HNF-6的生物学特点及功能的研究进展

肝细胞核因子6（HNF-6）属于肝细胞核因子家族中的ONECUT蛋白家族,是肝脏内调控基因特异性表达的一类转录因子,在肝脏较多表达,并含有在进化上相当保守的DNA结合区,通过与各种靶基因调控区顺式作用元件的结合,调控靶基因的表达,在转录水平对肝细胞分化和代谢过程起重要作用。近年来研究发现HNF-6不仅参与肝,胰的发育调控过程,还参与肿瘤、组织再生等多个生理及病理过程的调控。现对HNF-6的结构特点、生物学功能综述如下：     

microRNA与人类肿瘤

microRNAs(miRNAs)是一类长度约18～26nt的非编码单链小分子RNAs,通过与靶基因互补位点的结合在转录后水平负性调控靶基因的表达。miRNA突变、缺失或表达水平的异常与人类肿瘤密切相关,它发挥类似于癌基因或抑癌基因的作用,参与肿瘤细胞的增殖、分化和细胞凋亡过程。miRNA在肿瘤的诊断和治疗方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

表观遗传修饰调控胚胎干细胞定向分化的研究进展

胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cells,ES)来源于囊胚内胚层细胞团,是一种能分化为各种组织细胞的全能细胞,它们具有自我复制并保持多向分化的潜能;基因分析显示[1],ES 细胞有强的转录活性,其分化时伴随着不同数目不同类型的转录因子变化,一些基因转录活性上调或下调会影响其它基因的表达,进而影响其增殖分化;近年来,ES 细胞的研究主要集中在表观遗传机制对其分化的调控上.     

Krüppel样因子4在肿瘤发生、发展中的作用

Krüppel样因子4(Krüppel-like factor 4,KLF4)是含有3个锌指结构的转录因子,在细胞微环境中参与不同的细胞信号网络,调控靶基因的转录活化或抑制,与细胞的增殖分化、诱导型多能干细胞的生成有关,具有癌基因和抑癌基因、促炎和抗炎等双向调节功能.KLF4的表达与肿瘤的预后相关,可作为肿瘤靶向治疗的...     

MicroRNAs在心血管疾病中作用的研究进展

MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是一类长度为21~28 nt单链非编码小分子RNA,通过与靶基因3′-UTR完全或不完全互补配对结合导致靶基因降解或翻译抑制调节几千种基因。近年研究表明miRNAs已成为许多重要生物过程的主要调节因子,包括生长发育、细胞增殖、分化和凋亡等。研究对应miRNAs参与疾病发生的机制可能为人类某些疾病的治疗开辟一条新的途经。本综述总结miRNAs在调控心血管疾病发生的作用方面的研究成果。     

微小RNAs调控间充质干细胞的自我更新与分化

背景：研究表明微小RNA可通过控制一些重要的转录因子,受体或特异蛋白的表达来调控间充质干细胞的自我更新和分化。 目的：探讨微小RNA在间充质干细胞自我更新和分化过程中的调控作用。 方法：应用计算机检索2000年1月至2011年11月CNKI数据库相关文章,检索词为“间充质干细胞,miRNA表达差异”,并限定文章语言种类为中文。同时计算机检索2000年1月至2011年11月PubMed数据库、Elsevier数据库及Nature数据库相关文章,检索词为“mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),microRNA(miRNA)”,并限定文章语言种类为English。最终纳入符合标准的文献64篇。 结果与结论：微小RNA是一种21-25 nt的非编码小分子RNA。它可以与靶基因的3’UTR结合在转录水平上调控基因的表达。间充质干细胞是一类可以向骨、软骨、肌肉、神经、脂肪等组织分化的多潜能成体干细胞,其来源广泛,可以从骨髓、脂肪组织、脐带血、脐带等多种组织分离得到。研究表明,微小RNA可通过调控一些特殊的转录因子和发育相关基因的表达来调控间充质干细胞的增殖、自我更新和分化。     

Non-coding RNAs regulate the BMP/Smad pathway during osteogenic differentiation of stem cells

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the regulation of bone metabolism. The BMP/Smad pathway is a key signaling pathway for classical regulation of osteogenic differentiation. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and the BMP/Smad pathway both have important roles for osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, bone regeneration, and development of bone diseases. There is increasing evidence that ncRNAs interact with the BMP/Smad pathway to regulate not only osteogenic differentiation of stem cells but also progression of bone diseases, such as osteoporosis (OP), myeloma, and osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), by controlling the expression of bone disease-related genes. Therefore, ncRNAs that interact with BMP/Smad pathway molecules are potential targets for bone regeneration as well as bone disease diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. However, despite extensive studies on ncRNAs associated with the BMP/Smad pathway and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, there is a lack of comparability. Moreover, some bone disease-associated ncRNAs with low abundance can be difficult to detect and there is a lack of mature delivery systems for their stable translocation to target sites, thus limiting their application. In this review, we summarize the research progress on interactions between ncRNAs and the BMP/Smad pathway during osteogenic differentiation of various stem cells and in the regulation of bone regeneration and bone diseases.     

MiR-9 promotes the neural differentiation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via targeting zinc finger protein 521

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that function as endogenous triggers of the RNA interference pathway. Recent studies have shown that microRNA-9 (miR-9) plays a regulatory role in the development and differentiation of stem cells and neural precursor cells. We have found that miR-9 is able to promote the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), but the mechanisms of miR-9 in this process remains poorly understood. An increasing number of studies have found that zinc-finger protein 521 (Zfp521) expression is high in most immature cells and decreases with differentiation. Zfp521 could induce neural conversion of embryonic stem cells. However, little is known about the expression of Zfp521 and its relationship with miR-9 with respect to the neural differentiation of MSCs. In this study, we found the expression of Zfp521 declined with the neural differentiation of MSCs, and miR-9 could promote the neural differentiation via targeting Zfp521.     

Distinct gene expression profile of human mesenchymal stem cells in comparison to skin fibroblasts employing cDNA microarray analysis of 9600 genes

Broad differentiation capacity has been described for mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from human bone marrow. We sought to identify genes associated with the immature state and pluripotency of this cell type. To prove the pluripotent state of the MSC, differentiation into osteocytes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes was performed in vitro. In contrast, normal skin cells did not harbor these differentiation abilities. We compared the expression profile of human bone marrow MSC with cDNA from one primary human skin cell line as control, using a cDNA chip providing 9600 genes. The identity of all relevant genes was confirmed by direct sequencing. Data of gene array expression were corroborated employing quantitative PCR analysis. About 80 genes were differently expressed more than threefold in MSC compared to mature skin fibroblasts. Interestingly, primary human MSC were found to upregulate a number of genes important for embryogenesis such as distal-less homeo box 5, Eyes absent homolog 2, inhibitor of DNA binding 3, and LIM protein. In contrast, mesenchymal lineage genes were downregulated in MSC in comparison to skin cells. We also detected expression of some genes involved in neural development, indicating the broad differentiation capabilities of MSC. We conclude that human mesenchymal stem cells harbor an expression profile distinct from mature skin fibroblast, and genes associated with developmental processes and stem cell function are highly expressed in adult mesenchymal stem cells.     

MicroRNA在干细胞增殖与分化过程中的调控作用

背景：研究表明MicroRNA(miRNA)可通过抑制干细胞特定mRNA序列的翻译来调控干细胞的自我更新和分化。 目的：探讨miRNAs在干细胞增殖和分化过程中的作用。 方法：由第一作者检索2000/2010 PubMed数据库、Elsevier数据库及Nature数据库。英文检索词为“stem cell,embryonic stem cell(ESC), induced pluripotent stem cells(iPS cell), microRNA(miRNA)”。排除重复性研究。共保留其中的39篇进行归纳总结。 结果与结论：胚胎干细胞有特异性的miRNAs表达,miRNAs对胚胎干细胞增殖与分化起重要的调控作用;miRNAs对造血干细胞分化的多个阶段和方向有调控作用;miRNAs还参与了神经干细胞、间充质干细胞和皮肤干细胞等成体干细胞分化的调控。干细胞特异性的miRNAs可提高体细胞重编程的效率。