74例老年冠心病患者无症状心肌缺血临床探讨

目的 探讨老年冠心病患者无症状心肌缺血(SMl)的临床特点和发生规律。方法：对74例冠心病患者应用24h动态心电图检测(DCG)。按临床特征分为3组：Ⅰ组：单纯SMI；Ⅱ组：心绞痛患者伴有SMI；Ⅲ组：心肌梗死后有SMI发作。结果共检出心肌缺血634阵次，SMI的发生显著高于有症状心肌缺血，占90．22％。发作高峰在上午6～12点，Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ组的SMI发作次数、持续时间、ST段压低幅度依次增加，心肌缺血幅度与病情呈正相关，而与心率变异性(HRV)呈负相关。00—06点最少．但夜间缺血持续时间及ST段压低幅度明显重于自昼。结论SMI是冠心病最常见的表现形式，应和有症状心肌缺血同样给予足够重视。冠心病患者心脏自主神经受损程度随着心肌缺血程度而加重。     

80例老年2型糖尿病无症状性心肌缺血及HRV分析

目的 了解老年2型糖尿病（T2DM）者无症状性心肌缺血（SMI）的心电圉特点和发生规律。并探讨心率变异性（HRV）的临床意义。方法 对80例老年2型糖尿病（A组）采用24h动态心电图检查（DCG）．检灏1其SMI发生率和HRV,并与80倒老年健康者（B组）对照吩析。结果 A组SMI的发病率显著增高（P〈0．05）,共检出心肌缺血653阵次。sMl的发生率显著高于有症状心肌缺血．占90．Os％。发作高峰在上午6～12点．资料显示SMl发作次数、持续时间、ST段压低幅度明显高于B组．发现心肌缺血幅度与病情呈正相关,而与HRV呈负相关。01-06点最少．但夜间缺血持续时间厦ST段压低幅度明显重于白蜃。结论 T2DM舍并冠心病的SMI发生串明显高于非糖尿痛者,且sMI是其最常见表现形式．程度重,应与有症状心肌缺血同样给予足够重视。同时心脏自主神经功能紊乱。可增加sMl的发生率．加快和加重病情的发展。     

动态心电图监测老年冠心病无症状心肌缺血的临床分析

目的探讨动态心电图（Holter）检测老年冠心病患者无症状心肌缺血（SMI）的临床意义。方法选取2007年9月—2009年9月我院确诊的160例老年冠心病患者,Holter记录和临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组常规心电图检出心肌缺血47例（29.4%）,Holter检出心肌缺血103例（64.8%）,缺血性ST段改变506阵次,其中SMI 351阵次（69.4%）,有症状心肌缺血155阵次（30.6%）;SMI的发作具有昼夜规律性,在凌晨6：00～12：00发作频率最高;SMI与有症状心肌缺血在ST段下移幅度及持续时间无显著性差异;SMI组心律失常发生率比有症状心肌缺血组高。结论老年人的SMI发生率较高,Holter能及早检出SMI的存在,因而具有重要的应用价值。     

老年男性冠心病患者无症状心肌缺血的研究

目的：探讨老年男性冠心病患者无症状心肌缺血的发作特点及规律。方法：选择老年男性冠心病（Ⅰ组）、冠心病合并高血压病（Ⅱ组）及冠心病同时合并高血压病、2型糖尿病（Ⅲ组）患者各66例，对其进行动态心电图检查。结果：动态心电图检出老年男性冠心病患者心肌缺血主要为无症状心肌缺血（SMI）；SMI发生率Ⅲ组〉Ⅱ组〉Ⅰ组（P〈0．05），Ⅲ组的SMI总次数与Ⅱ组、Ⅰ组比较有显著差异（P〈0．05）；SMI持续时间Ⅲ组与Ⅱ组比较有显著差异（P〈0．05）；三组的发作高峰均在上午。日间SMI发生次数明显多于夜间，夜间SMI发生比例Ⅲ组与Ⅰ组比较有显著差异（P〈0．05），Ⅲ组昼夜SMI平均持续时间有显著差异（P〈0．05）。结论：高血压病、2型糖尿病均可增加老年男性冠心病患者SMI的发生，尤其是夜间的发生：动态心电图是老年男性冠心病，特别是合并高血压、2型糖尿病患者SMI的重要检测手段。     

动态心电图检测无症状心肌缺血的分析研究

目的探讨动态心电图检测无症状性心肌缺血（SMI）的临床价值及发生规律。方法应用24h动态心电图分析218例冠心病患者发作心肌缺血情况并根据其是否伴有心绞痛,分为无症状性心肌缺血组和有症状性心肌缺组。结果检出单纯SMI例数占冠心病心肌缺血例数的76%,SMI发作次数占心肌缺血次数的73%,高峰在06：00-12：00,00：00-06：00较少。结论 SMI是冠心病患者心肌缺血常见表现形式,SMI昼间发生率比夜间高,动态心电图可明显提高心肌缺血的检出率,有助于早期诊断冠心病。     

冠心病患者无症状性心肌缺血与心率变异性的临床研究

目的探讨冠心病患者无症状性心肌缺血(SMI)的发生规律及与心率变异性的关系。方法应用24 h动态心电图分析206例冠心病患者发作心肌缺血情况并根据其是否伴有心绞痛,分为有症状性心肌缺血(Ⅰ组)和SMI(Ⅱ组),并与对照组进行心率变异性(HRV)对比。结果检出单纯SMI例数占冠心病心肌缺血例数的71%,SMI发作次数占心肌缺血次数的81.2%,SMI持续时间及ST段压低程度均显著高于有症状性心肌缺血,心肌缺血发作时间差异无统计学意义,高峰在06∶00~12∶00,00∶00~06∶00最少;各组HRV的特点:SMI时各时域指标依次减少,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组与对照组比较,Ⅱ组与Ⅰ组比较,各参数差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论SMI是冠心病患者心肌缺血最常见表现形式,心肌缺血改变了心脏自主神经调节的均衡性,而SMI的发生可能与心脏自主神经病变加重有关,SMI缺血程度、持续时间是引起急性心脏事件的重要因素。     

动态心电图监测老年冠心病无症状心肌缺血的意义

目的:探讨24小时动态心电图(Holter)对老年冠心病患者无症状心肌缺血(SMI)的检出情况。方法:回顾分析我院门诊及住院336例老年冠心病患者的临床情况和Holter资料。结果:(1)常规心电图检出心肌缺血106例(31.55％),Holter检出心肌缺血220例(65.48％);SMI发生率为69.09％,有症状心肌缺血发生率为30.91％;(2)SMI发作有明显生物节律,以清晨6-12时发作频率最高;(3)SMI发作时心率减慢的比例明显低于有症状心肌缺血的(P<0.005);(4)SMI的心律失常检出率为93.4％。结论:Holter可早期发现老年人的无症状心肌缺血,有重要价值。     

动态心电图在老年无症状性心肌缺血及伴发心律失常检测中的诊断价值

目的评价动态心电图（DCG）对老年冠心病患者无症状性心肌缺血（SMI）及相伴发的心律失常的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析66例临床诊断为冠心病的老年患者DCG监测结果及临床资料,评价SMI发作特点及与年龄的关系;SMI时ST-T改变幅度、持续时间与相关心律失常的关系;受累导联与冠状动脉造影结果相关性分析。结果66例患者中48例出现SMI,共计218阵SMI发作;上午6：00至12：00SMI的发作频率最高有110阵（50．5％）;SMI发作快频率依赖者32例（66．7％）,慢频率依赖者5例（10．4％）;SMI发作伴发心律失常33例,检出率79．6％;随年龄增长SMI发生率增高,年龄65-75岁患者中发生118阵,（4．3±2．9）次,人,年龄75-85岁患者中SMI发作97阵,（5．2±2．9）次／人。结论SMI是老年冠心病常见的表现形式,动态心电图能及早检出SMI的存在及其伴发的心律失常,利于评估猝死风险,具有独特的应用价值。     

冠心病无症状性心肌缺血的动态心电图表现及其诊断价值

目的：应用动态心电图（DCG）检测冠心病（CAD）的无症状性心肌缺血（SMI）,以探讨其发生率、发病规律、病情和预后关系。并由此评价DCG诊断SMI及指导临床治疗的应用价值。方法：采用12导联DCG记录系统,对224例CAD患者连续监测24h,回放分析观察ST段移位值;心肌缺血阈等指标。结果：224例CAD患者中发生心肌缺血204例（91．07％）,共检出694次心肌缺血发作,而其中589次为SMI（84．87％）;心肌缺血性ST段下移发作以6：00～12：00时最为频繁。而0：00～6：00时出现最少;夜间缺血ST段下移持续时间延长,心肌缺血阈变异性值增高;心率越快,诱发的心肌缺血越严重,ST段下移越明显。结论：DCG是较理想的诊断SMI的非创伤性辅助检查方法。     

老年冠心病患者心率变异性的临床意义

目的分析49例老年冠心病患者的动态心电图,探讨心率变异性（HRV）的临床意义.方法对49例老年冠心病患者进行动态心电图检查,检测其心律失常、心肌缺血的发生率和心率变异性,并与30例非冠心病老年人对比.结果冠心病组室性心律失常和心肌缺血的发生率显著高于非冠心病组,冠心病组心率变异性指标SDNN低于非冠心病组,冠心病组中有恶性室性心律失常的患者SDNN较低.结论老年冠心病患者心脏自主神经功能紊乱,并可能因此诱发恶性室性心律失常.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.