自发性伸指肌腱断裂临床分析

[目的]探讨自发性伸指肌腱断裂的病因，病理特点和治疗效果。[方法]本组病例12例，自发性拇长伸肌腱断裂8例，均采用食指固有伸肌腱转位修复。自发性环小指伸肌腱断裂3例，环指指伸肌腱远侧断端与中指伸指肌腱端侧编织缝合，食指固有伸肌腱移位修复小指固有伸肌腱。自发性中环小指肌腱断裂1例，冷冻异体伸指肌腱移植修复。[结果]所有病例术前均有类风湿关节炎史或桡骨远端骨折史，前者组织学检查显示以滑膜和肌腱慢性炎症伴局灶性坏死为主，后者以肌腱纤维断裂为主。所有病例治疗优良率达100％，未发生再次肌腱断裂。[结论]炎症侵蚀或骨折端磨损，是伸指肌腱自发性断裂的病理基础。食指固有伸肌腱转位重建拇长伸肌腱疗效确切，对多根伸指肌腱断裂可考虑行异体肌腱移植术。     

类风湿关节炎致自发性手指肌腱断裂的临床分析

目的探讨类风湿关节炎致自发性手指肌腱断裂的临床特点和治疗效果。方法对8例自发性手指肌腱断裂的患者（均有3～8年类风湿关节炎的病史），其中2例拇长伸肌腱断裂，采用示指固有伸肌腱转位修复；3例环、小指指伸肌腱断裂，采用环指指伸肌腱与中指指伸肌腱端侧编织缝合，示指固有伸肌腱移位修复小指固有伸肌腱；2例中、环、小指指伸肌腱断裂，采用冷冻异体指伸肌腱移植修复。1例拇长屈肌腱断裂，采用环指指浅屈肌腱转位修复。结果术后局部滑膜和肌腱组织送病理检查均显示为慢性炎症伴局灶性坏死。术后随访6个月～7年，未见肌腱再次断裂，优良率为100％。结论多根肌腱同时断裂是类风湿关节炎致自发性手指肌腱断裂的常见特点，手术采用肌腱转位或异体肌腱移植术，疗效确切。     

食指固有伸肌腱移位修复拇长伸肌腱Ⅲ区晚期损伤

拇长伸肌腱损伤初期往往易为患者和医生所忽视 ,当发现拇指指间关节不能伸直 ,拇指末节呈屈曲畸形时 ,才来手外科或骨科诊治 ,一般情况下 ,Ⅰ、Ⅱ区拇长伸肌腱损伤 ,近端回缩不远 ,二期仍可对端缝合 ,Ⅲ区损伤 ,晚期常因近端肌腱回缩 ,不能直接缝合。近 3年来 ,本院采用食指固有伸肌腱移位晚期修复拇长伸肌腱Ⅲ区损伤 17例 ,效果较为肯定。1　临床资料本组 17例 ,男 12例 ,女 5例 ,年龄 19～ 5 5岁。左侧 10例 ,右侧 7例。 13例为直接外伤所致 ;4例为自发断裂 ,其中 3例有腕部骨折史 ,1例患有类风湿性关节炎。患者分别于伤后 5ｄ～ 6个月后…     

自发性伸拇长肌腱断裂的临床诊治

目的探讨自发性伸拇长肌腱断裂的病因、病理特点和治疗效果。方法分析16例自发性伸拇长肌腱断裂的发病原因及诱因,16例病发前分别有桡骨远端骨折史,类风湿关节炎史,反复多次行局部封闭治疗病史,并分别采用端端缝合,食指固有伸肌腱转位修复,掌长肌移植,桡侧伸腕长、短肌及伸拇短肌腱转移修复。结果术后随访3～6个月,1例端端直接缝合,术后2周再断裂,改用拇短伸肌腱移位修复,另1例发生肌腱黏连二次手术松解,其余患指功能恢复良好。结论骨折端磨损或炎症侵蚀是伸拇肌腱自发性断裂的病理基础,修复方法有多种选择,拇短伸肌腱转位重建拇长伸肌腱疗效更为确切。     

食指固有伸肌腱移位修复拇长伸肌腱损伤

拇长伸肌腱损伤临床上比较常见,陈旧性损伤及自发断裂不能直接缝合,我院自2000年7月～2005年8月用食指固有伸肌腱移位修复拇长伸肌腱断裂9例,获得了良好的临床效果,现报道如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料本组共9例,男8例,女1例,年龄16～52岁,左手5例,右手4例,切割伤2例,自发断裂5     

肌腱双平面断伤的修复

目的探讨指屈、伸肌腱双平面断伤的修复。方法１９８８～１９９６年，对１１例指屈、伸肌腱双平面断伤，根据两断伤平面中肌腱的长度行直接修复９例；去除断伤肌腱中段（１ｃｍ以内）后，将远近端肌腱直接修复１例；作趾长伸肌腱移植１例。结果根据ＴＡＭ评定标准评定疗效，直接修复９例中６例优，２例良，１例差；去除断伤肌腱中段行远近端直接修复１例为良；趾长伸肌腱移植１例为中；总优良率达８１．８％。结论直接修复肌腱双平面断伤的疗效比去除断伤肌腱中段远近端直接缝合或肌腱移植要好。     

示指固有伸肌腱转位修复重建V区拇长伸肌腱自发性断裂临床研究

目的 探讨示指固有伸肌腱转位修复重建V区拇长伸肌腱自发性断裂的临床效果.方法从2010年5月至2012年5月,本院共收治拇长伸肌腱V区自发性断裂21例,半随机分为2组,治疗组11例采用示指固有伸肌腱转位修复重建,对照组10例采用掌长肌腱移植修复.结果根据TAM评价标准,治疗组11例治疗效果优7例（63.6%）,良4例（36.4%）,差0例,对照组10例中优4例（40%）,良4例（40%）,差2例（20%）,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论采用示指固有伸肌腱转位修复重建拇长伸肌腱自发断裂效果满意.     

掌长肌腱游离移植治疗拇长伸肌腱VerdanⅤ区断裂17例

目的探讨掌长肌腱游离移植治疗拇长伸肌腱(Extensor pollicis longus tendon, EPL)VerdanⅤ区断裂的临床效果。方法 2016年6月-2018年6月对收治的17例拇长伸肌腱VerdanⅤ区断裂患者,采用肌腱探查+掌长肌腱游离移植修复。结果 17例获得6～24个月随访,平均13个月。术后拇指抬高丢失0～2.5 cm,平均1.2 cm;拇指屈曲丢失0～2.0 cm,平均1.1 cm。按SEEM评分标准进行功能评定:优12例,良3例,可2例,优良率88.2%,对示指、手腕活动未构成影响。结论对拇长伸肌腱VerdanⅤ区断裂,行掌长伸肌腱游离移植修复是一种牺牲小、预后优良的治疗方法。     

高位正中神经麻痹改良津下法重建拇对掌功能

目的 介绍应用小指固有伸肌腱(改良津下法)重建拇对掌功能的方法及疗效.方法 对11例高位正中神经不可逆损伤拇对掌功能丧失的患者,采用小指固有伸肌腱双束法移位重建拇对掌功能,近侧束固定于掌骨颈部拇长伸肌肌腱上,远侧束固定于近节指骨髓腔内.结果 术后随访4～ 38个月,平均18.5个月,11例拇对掌功能全部恢复,优良率达100％.供区伸指功能无影响.结论 小指固有伸肌腱改良移位术是合理且简单、疗效满意的术式,可作为拇对掌功能重建的理想方法.     

拇长伸肌腱自发性断裂桡侧腕短伸肌腱替代术的临床应用

目的 探讨腕部拇长伸肌腱自发性断裂,采用桡侧腕短伸肌腱替代术的临床疗效.方法 1996年2月-2005年7月,对12例拇长伸肌腱自发性断裂的患者采用桡侧腕短伸肌腱移位替代术.其中桡骨远端骨折愈合后肌腱断裂6例,类风湿骨关节炎4例,不明原因2例.术后均不用石膏固定,术后2d开始练习伸手、伸腕、伸拇动作,2～3次/d;术后7d停止练习;术后4～5周可缓慢伸手持物.结果 12例术后随访均在1年以上,12个月后平均伸拇肌力已达4～5级,腕背肌腱滑动时无障碍.术后无肌腱再断裂者,伸腕、伸指时拇指末节过伸2°～5°,平均3°,拇对掌、对指功能正常.根据中华医学会手外科学会手部肌腱修复后功能评定标准评价,优良率达100%.全部患者对术后功能满意.结论 拇长伸肌腱自发性断裂,应用桡侧腕短伸肌腱移位替代术,对供区损伤小,操作方便,肌腱缝合牢固,有利早期功能恢复.     

Sequential rupture of extensor tendons after a Colles fracture

Rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon occurred 6 weeks after a Colles fracture. The condition was treated successfully by a tendon transfer, but spontaneous rupture of the extensor digitorum communis tendon to the long finger occurred 10 months after injury. The cause of these ruptures could not be established.     

Spontaneous rupture of extensor pollicis longus in isolated trapeziometacarpal arthritis

A spontaneous rupture of the extensor pollicis longus (EPL) tendon occurred in a patient with trapeziometacarpal arthritis. We hypothesize that a mechanical attrition by protrusion at the trapeziometacarpal joint alone was responsible of a spontaneous rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon.     

Rupture of the extensor digitorum communis tendons caused by occupational overuse

Spontaneous rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon in excessive exertion is well-recognised, but similar rupture is rare in the common extensor tendons of the fingers. Two cases caused by occupational overuse are reported. Mechanical attrition at the distal edge of the extensor retinaculum produced by excessive use was thought to be responsible for the rupture.     

Concomitant Rupture of Extensor Pollicis Longus and Index Extensor Tendons following Distal Radius Plating—Report of Two Cases and Their Clinical Implication for Tendon Transfer Surgery

Extensor indicis proprius (EIP) tendon transfer is a standard operation for restoration of the thumb extension following rupture of extensor pollicis longus (EPL). In its standard form often the EIP is transferred to the EPL without inspection of the extensor tendons in the fourth compartment and it is retained in its anatomical fourth compartment. However, in a setting of EPL rupture in relation to the distal radius fracture (with or without fixation), concomitant injury to the extensor tendons to the index finger may result in failure of the transfer and even a loss of index finger extension (index finger drop) further complicating the reconstruction and resulting in immense patient dissatisfaction. We herein present two such rare cases to highlight this clinical scenario and how an awareness of this possibility and inspection of the extensor tendons to the index finger before EIP transfer allowed us to prevent this complication. In essence, if we know it, we can prevent it.     

Rupture of flexor tendon following volar plate of distal radius fracture. Report of five cases

We report three cases of complete rupture of the flexor pollicis longus (FPL) tendon, one case of complete rupture of the index and middle finger flexor digitorum profundus tendons and one case of rupture of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon to the index finger after placement of a volar plate for distal radius fracture. We review the literature and discuss the aetiology of tendon ruptures and techniques to prevent tendon attition.     

Rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon after wrist trauma

In the period of 1976 to 1997 our clinic treated 33 patients after Colles fracture with ruptured extensor pollicis longus tendon. The occurrence of functional loss was observed after the trauma in 3 to 9 weeks. In 30 cases the surgical treatment of extensor indicis proprius tendon, in 2 cases a direct suture of the ruptured tendon was performed as a primary repair and in one patient a palmaris longus interposition was utilised.     

Delayed Rupture of the Extensor Hallucis Longus and Extensor Digitorum Communis Tendons After Breaching the Anterior Capsule with a Radiofrequency Probe During Ankle Arthroscopy: A Case Report

A 40-year-old man with early arthritis, loose bodies, and anterolateral joint impingement symptoms in his left ankle, which was refractory to noninvasive therapeutic modalities for 1 year, underwent ankle arthroscopy and radiofrequency thermal ablation. The anterior capsule of the ankle joint was breached by the radiofrequency probe while the loose bodies were removed from the anterior recess, exposing the extensor tendons and resulting in a delayed spontaneous rupture of the extensor hallucis longus tendon and extensor tendons to the second and third toes. The extensor hallucis longus tendon was repaired with a semitendinosus tendon graft, and extensor digitorum tendons underwent primary repair. The patient regained full function and was symptom free 1 year after surgery.     

Acute rupture of extensor pollicis longus tendon due to avulsed fracture of the second metacarpal base: a case report.

Acute tendon rupture of the extensor pollicis longus (EPL) is rare. We present acute EPL tendon rupture associated with avulsed fracture of the second metacarpal at the insertion of extensor carpi radialis longus. Tendon rupture of the EPL was repaired with end-to-end suture and avulsed fracture of the second metacarpal base was treated with open reduction and internal fixation.     

重度虎口挛缩的改良修复

目的探讨重度虎口挛缩行虎口开大皮瓣修复术同时拇对掌功能重建的治疗效果。方法12例病人分别用食指近节背侧皮瓣、鼻烟窝皮瓣、前臂骨间背侧动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复虎口，同时用环指指屈浅肌腱、尺侧伸腕肌腱 拇短伸肌腱、尺侧伸腕肌腱 掌长肌腱，行拇对掌功能重建，术后配合训练。结果12例病人皮瓣全部成活，经6～15个月随访，拇指内收得到彻底或部分矫正，对掌和抓握力获得了很好的恢复。结论重度虎口挛缩在行虎口开大皮瓣修复同时一期拇对掌功能重建，术后功能恢复好，操作技术容易，值得推广。