木村病的影像表现及文献复习

目的 探讨不同部位木村病的CT及MRI表现.方法 收集本院经病理证实19例木村病患者的CT和MRI行回顾性分析,并结合文献讨论.结果 19例木村病中累及头颈部16例、肺内1例、胸壁1例、肝脾受累1例.头颈部木村病CT表现为结节、团块及弥漫性密度异常,平扫与肌肉密度相似,T1WI呈等或稍低信号,T2WI呈高信号,CT和MRI增强扫描多为中度或明显强化.肺内及胸壁木村病表现为软组织肿块,增强扫描肺内病灶呈中度强化,胸壁病灶呈环形强化.肝脾同时受累木村病病灶呈散在结节状轻度强化灶.结论 木村病影像学表现缺乏特征性,需结合实验室检查及病理综合判断.     

Pulmonary Aspergillus chest wall involvement in chronic granulomatous disease: CT and MRI findings

Pulmonary Aspergillus infection in patients with chronic granulomatous disease tends to involve the chest wall and consequently carries a high mortality rate. We report the findings of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in three such cases. One patient underwent both CT and MRI, one, CT only, and one, MRI only. In all three, both CT and MRI demonstrated pulmonary consolidations with direct extension to the adjacent chest wall. In both patients who were examined by CT, scans revealed permeative osteolytic changes of adjacent rib or spine compatible with osteomyelitis. In both patients who were examined by MRI, adjacent chest wall involvement was depicted on T1-weighted images and showed increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images. In one of these patients, the chest wall lesion was well defined on T2-weighted images, an appearance compatible with abscess. Epidural extension was demonstrated on MRI in the other patient, who later developed paraparesis. We suggest that CT and MRI have a complementary role in evaluating chest wall invasion by pulmonary Aspergillus infection in chronic granulomatous disease.     

颅内海绵状血管瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的:探讨脑内与脑外海绵状血管瘤的CT和MRI表现及诊断价值.方法:搜集45例颅内海绵状血管瘤的CT和MRI影像资料进行分析,MRI检查45例,CT检查30例,其中脑内型海绵状血管瘤42例,脑外型海绵状血管瘤3例,均经手术病理证实.结果:脑内型海绵状血管瘤可位于脑内任何部位,单发病灶多见,无明显占位效应,周围无或轻度水肿.CT检查的全部病例呈稍高及混杂密度影27例,增强扫描大都无强化;MRI检查T2 WI表现为"桑葚状"混杂高信号,周围有云絮状低信号环,增强后病灶仅少数轻度强化.脑外型病灶位于中颅窝鞍旁,MRI呈类似哑铃形或类圆形较均匀的稍长T1明显长T2信号,增强扫描呈明显均匀强化.结论:脑内与脑外型海绵状血管瘤的CT和MRI表现具有一定特征,MRI优于CT像,特别是MRI的T2 WI像有助于明确诊断.     

颈部囊性病变的多排螺旋CT和MRI影像学特征分析

目的：分析颈部囊性病变的多排螺旋CT和MRI影像学特征。方法回顾性分析41例经病理证实的颈部囊性病变的解剖部位及多排螺旋CT和MRI影像学征象。结果颈部囊性病变多形状规则,边界清晰。20例甲状舌管囊肿位于正中线舌骨水平或略偏,与甲状软骨关系密切,MRI征象为长 T1长 T2信号,信号均匀,增强扫描囊壁轻度强化;11例第二腮裂囊肿位多于胸锁乳突肌前内侧,MRI为囊性长T1长T2信号,信号均匀,囊肿内CT值为水样密度,增强扫描囊壁轻度强化;2例表皮样囊肿位于颈中线舌骨水平、颈后部,CT扫描密度均匀,增强未见明显强化;4例会厌囊肿位于会厌前间隙内,MRI影像为囊性长T1长T2信号肿块,信号均匀,CT影像为囊性薄壁低密度肿块,密度均匀;4例淋巴管瘤主要位于颈后三角区,MRI肿块呈等T1长T2信号,内部可见分隔,囊腔大小不等,增强扫描其分隔可见强化。结论颈部不同囊性病变的解剖位置和影像学征象有一定的特点,经过综合分析,可以做出正确诊断。     

Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma of the small bowel mesentery: computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings

Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is a rare tumor that commonly arises in the lower extremities but rarely in the mesentery. We report computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of LGFMS of the small bowel mesentery. On CT, the mass was composed of two components. One component, on its right side, appeared to have isointense attenuation relative to muscle, whereas the other component, on its left side, appeared to have low attenuation. On MRI the mass on the right side showed hypointensity similar to muscle on both T1-and T2-weighted images as well as mostly slight enhancement on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. On the other hand, the mass on the left side showed relative hypointensity on T1-weighted images and hyperintensity on T2-weighted images as well as intense enhancement on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images, suggesting that the tumor contained myxoid tissue. The myxoid area of LGFMS may have a tendency to reveal intense enhancement on contrast-enhanced images.     

MALT-type lymphoma of the lacrimal gland: a case report]

We report a rare case of MALT-type lymphoma of the lacrimal gland in a 29-year-old woman. CT scan demonstrated a solid homogenous mass in the right lacrimal gland fossa and the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland with contrast enhancement. The mass displayed slight hyperintensity on T1-weighted images and hyperintensity on T2-weighted images with fat saturation. The mass demonstrated an arc-like contour, and involved both the palpebral lobe and orbital lobe of the lacrimal gland. These characteristic findings may be helpful in the diagnosis of this malignancy.     

CT and MRI findings of a solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the oropharynx: case report

We report a case of solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (SEP) of the oropharynx. A 53-year-old man presented who had had bloody phlegm and a sore throat for a few days. A mass was endoscopically detected in his right posterior oropharyngeal wall, and biopsy revealed a neoplasm consisting of a uniform population of plasma cells. Computed tomography (CT) showed a broad-based papillary soft tissue density mass projecting into the oropharynx from the right posterior wall of the pharynx, and post-contrast CT showed marked enhancement of the tumor. The tumor showed slightly higher signal intensity compared with surrounding muscle on MR Tl-weighted images (T1WI) and high signal intensity on MR T2-weighted images (T2WI). The mass showed homogeneous enhancement on post-contrast T1WI. Further clinical examination showed an absence of multiple myeloma (MM). The patient was diagnosed as having SEP. Following radiation therapy, a reduction in tumor size was observed. Although SEP is a rare tumor, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of tumors of the oropharynx because of its imaging similarities to other, more common malignant tumors, such as squamous cell carcinoma and lymphoma.     

颅内浆细胞肉芽肿的CT、MRI表现

目的探讨颅内浆细胞肉芽肿的CT、MRI特征。方法对经手术、病理证实的3例颅内浆细胞肉芽肿的临床资料进行了回顾性分析,并复习了近几年国外文献。结果2例CT显示单发圆形或类圆形分叶状低、等密度肿块,伴有灶周水肿、占位效应和硬膜尾征,呈均一强化。MRI显示T     

毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的CT、MRI表现及病理学基础

目的:探讨脑内毛细胞型星形细胞瘤(PA)的CT、MRI表现及病理学基础,以提高对此病的认识.材料和方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的脑内典型PA 13例的CT与MRI表现.结果:位于小脑半球4例、小脑蚓部7例、右侧大脑半球2例.病变大小2.3cm×2.0cm×2.7cm～4.5cm×4.8cm×5.6cm.实性病变3例,CT平扫呈等密度软组织肿块,T1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈长信号或长信号中见少量短信号的混杂信号,CT及MRI增强后均表现为均质或不均质明显增强,其中2例病灶中心见少量无增强的低信号区,1例CT平扫见钙化灶.囊实性10例,MRI平扫显示肿瘤囊性部分呈长T1、长T2信号,实性部分呈等T1长T2信号,增强扫描实性部分明显增强,囊性部分无增强,3例见明显增强壁结节,2例病变呈多房性,增强后分隔明显增强,其中1例见短T1、长T2出血灶 .结论:脑内PA的CT与MRI表现具有一定的特征性,结合临床资料有助于术前诊断.     

外周性原始神经外胚层瘤的影像表现

目的:探讨外周性原始神经外胚层肿瘤的影像学表现.方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的12例外周性神经外胚层瘤的影像学资料.9例行CT扫描,4例行MR扫描,其中1例行DSA检查.结果:胸壁软组织5例,右肺下叶1例,肱骨2例,股骨1例,胫骨1例,脊椎2例.胸壁软组织的pPNETs CT平扫表现为大而边界欠清的软组织肿块,内见坏死,无钙化,增强后明显不均匀强化.右肺下叶的pPNETs CT平扫表现为分叶状肿块,内见少量出血,边界清晰,增强后明显强化.长骨pPNETs表现为溶骨性骨质破坏伴巨大软组织肿块,无钙化,无骨膜反应.T1WI上表现为等或低信号,T2 WI上表现为不均匀高信号,增强后明显强化.脊椎pPNETs表现为椎体或附件骨质破坏伴软组织肿块,不累及椎间盘,其中1例骶骨pPNETs DSA检查示肿瘤由髂内动脉供血和大量新生血管.结论:CT和MRI均能很好地显示pPNETs的内部结构、病变范围、有无侵犯毗邻组织器官或远处转移.DSA可明确肿瘤供血动脉和反映新生肿瘤血管丰富的特点,可作为一种补充检查方法.确诊仍需依靠病理和免疫组化检查.     

面神经瘤的影像学研究

目的：研究面神经瘤的影像学检查方法和影像学表现,提高诊断准确性。方法：10例经手术病理证实的面神经瘤均行CT检查,6例还进行MR平扫和增强扫描。回顾性分析CT表现和MRI表现,并比较CT和MRI的优缺点。结果：10例面神经瘤中6例面神经鞘瘤和4例面神经纤维瘤,8例累及面神经水平段,6例累及膝部,4例累及乳突段,2例累及迷路段,3例累及内听道段,2例累及腮腺段,1例累及脑池段。主要CT表现：面神经管扩大9例;鼓室内软组织影7例;听小骨破坏5例;乳突蜂房内软组织肿块4例。主要MRI表现：6例均表现面神经增粗,其中2例显示鼓室内=乳突内和颈静脉窝软组织肿块,2例显示鼓室内软组织肿块;3例肿块呈略长T1、略长T2信号,信号不均匀,增强后呈不均匀强化;3例肿块与面神经呈等信号,信号均匀,呈均匀强化;2例面神经瘤累及内听道段面神经,平扫未显示,增强后呈明显强化而显示。比较CT与MRI表现后,发现2例累及面神经内听道段者MRI显示而CT未显示,1例累及面神经鼓室段起始部者MRI亦显示而CT未显示;对于较小的面神经瘤,MRI能直接显示增粗的面神经本身,而CT仅显示面神经管扩大和（或）破坏。结论：CT和MRI,尤其是MR增强扫描能很好地显示面神经瘤的形态、部位、范围和内部结构,有助于定位诊断和定性诊断,为临床制订手术方案和确定手术入路提供依据。     

Intradiploic epidermoid cyst with focal internal enhancement

We report a case of intradiploic epidermoid cyst with focal internal enhancement. The patient was a 55-year-old woman presenting with right temporal head protrusion and head heaviness. Skull radiography and computed tomography demonstrated an expansile mass in the right diploic space. On magnetic resonance imaging, the mass showed makedly high signal T2-weighted images (T2WI) and intermediate to low signal on T1WI. On contrast-enhanced T1WI, there was nodular internal enhancement, which corresponded to neovascularity on pathology, as well as rim-like enhancement. It should be noted that internal enhancement, an indicator of malignant transformation, may be seen even in a benign epidermoid cyst.     

Primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the chest wall: CT and MR appearance

PURPOSE: The purpose of this work is to describe the CT and MR appearance of primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the chest wall. METHOD: Eleven men and eight women (45-76 years old) with primary MFH of the chest wall who underwent both CT and MRI were enrolled, and the imaging interpretation was retrospectively compared to the pathologic specimen. RESULTS: All tumors were inhomogeneous in appearance on CT scans. All tumors showed high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. On T1-weighted MR images, tumors displayed inhomogeneous isosignal intensity in 15 cases (79%) and low signal intensity in 5 (21%) compared with the surrounding muscle. Tumors exhibited inhomogeneous enhancement in all except three localized tumors on enhanced CT and MRI. Invasion of intercostal muscle was noted on MR images in 18 patients (95%) and on CT in 11 patients (58%). CONCLUSION: There might be various radiologic appearances of MFH. However, CT and MRI are able to demonstrate the exact localization and disease extent of MFH arising in the chest wall.     

毛细胞星形细胞瘤的CT、MRI诊断分析

目的探讨毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的CT、MRI特征。方法回顾性分析8例经手术病理证实的毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的CT及MRI表现。结果（1）病变好发于小脑,8例毛细胞星形细胞瘤中,起源于幕下者5例。幕上者3例。（2）肿瘤呈类圆形,伴不同程度囊变,根据囊变程度可分为囊肿型、囊肿结节型和肿块型,以囊肿结节型最多见;（3）肿瘤囊性部分CT平扫呈低密度,MR平扫T1WI呈明显低信号,T2W1呈明显高信号;肿瘤实性部分、囊壁及壁结节CT呈等或稍低密度,MRT1W1呈等或稍低信号,T2WI呈稍高信号。增强后肿瘤囊壁不强化或轻度强化,壁结节及实性部分明显强化,囊性部分不强化;（4）肿瘤边界清楚,瘤周无水肿;（5）肿瘤出血与钙化少见。结论毛细胞型星形细胞瘤在CT、MRI表现具有一定特征性,可为临床术前提供信息。     

心脏原发恶性肿瘤CT及MRI表现

目的:了解心脏原发恶性肿瘤的CT、MRI表现,旨在提高诊断及鉴别诊断。材料和方法:12例经病理证实心脏恶性肿瘤的CT及MRI资料进行回顾性分析。其中5例行胸部CT平扫加增强扫描。9例做心脏MR检查,其中7例行动态增强扫描。结果:发生部位以右心房最多见(6/12)。跨心腔生长或累及邻近大血管及心包常见(10/12)。伴有心包和胸腔积液(9/12)。肿瘤多以中度不均匀强化为主,血管肉瘤内见同血管强化一致条状影,横纹肌肉瘤呈后期明显均匀强化。肿瘤MR信号以T1WI等略低信号,T2WI为混杂高信号表现为主,而恶性纤维组织细胞瘤T2WI呈明显低信号较特征。结论:心脏恶性肿瘤具有一般恶性肿瘤侵袭性生长之特点,CT、MRI评价病变范围、组织特征具有优势,有助于诊断及治疗方案实施,进一步组织学定性、鉴别有困难。     

肝脏原发性神经内分泌肿瘤影像学表现及病理对照

目的 探讨肝脏原发性神经内分泌肿瘤(PHNET)的CT、MRI表现及其病理基础.方法 收集经手术病理证实的PHNET 14例(14例均行CT检查,其中9例行MR检查),分析病灶的CT、MRI表现,探讨形成影像表现的病例基础.结果 PHNET呈单发(8例)或多发结节(5例),弥漫性全肝分布1例.CT平扫呈低密度,1例可见液-液平面病理为内部出血;动脉期呈结节状或环形强化,1例呈弥漫性强化,门静脉期或延迟期强化减低.MRI呈长T1长T2信号,出血呈短T1短T2信号,强化形式与CT相同.随病理分级的提高,病灶由G1单发实性-G2实性或囊实性-G3弥漫性分布或出现肝内转移.扩散加权成像(DWI)呈扩散受限改变.结论 CT、MRI能够显示出PHNET的影像学特殊表现和组织学特征.     

胸部节细胞神经瘤的CT和MRI表现

目的 探讨胸部节细胞神经瘤的CT及MRI表现,提高对该病的诊断和鉴别诊断能力.方法 回顾性分析20例经手术病理证实的胸部节细胞神经瘤的临床、CT(14例)、MR(6例)平扫和增强扫描及所有病理学资料.结果 20例胸部节细胞神经瘤中,发生于后纵隔17例、侧胸膜2例、右侧整个胸腔1例.14例肿瘤平扫CT值20～40 HU,平均30.5 HU,4例伴有小结节状钙化,1例伴有斑片状脂肪密度影;动脉期增强CT值0～12 HU,平均6.2 HU,延迟期增强10～20 HU,平均14.3 HU.MRI检查5例在T1 WI上为均匀低信号,1例在T1WI上低信号内夹杂斑片状高信号脂肪影;T2WI上6例为不均匀高信号,其中1例呈旋涡状征象;增强后动脉期呈轻度不均匀强化,延迟期逐渐进行性轻度强化.结论 增强后CT及MRI显示肿瘤在动脉期不强化或轻微强化、延迟后逐渐轻度强化是胸部节细胞神经瘤的特征性表现.     

原发性腹膜后节细胞神经瘤影像分析

目的:分析腹膜后节细胞神经瘤的特征影像表现,提高其诊断准确率。方法:回顾性分析7例经手术病理证实的腹膜后节细胞神经瘤的影像表现。结果:所有肿块均边界清楚,其中3例呈铸型或嵌入生长,1例侵犯椎间孔;2例可见小斑点钙化;超声显示3例呈轻度不均匀性低回声,内可见条索状间隔回声;1例不均匀低回声内见血流信号。CT平扫呈均匀性低密度,CT增强扫描1例无明显强化;2例动脉期包膜轻度强化,其中1例无延迟强化,1例呈进行性延迟强化;2例动脉期包膜及间隔轻度强化,并见包膜及间隔轻度延迟强化。MRI T1WI呈均匀性低信号,T2WI呈不均匀性高信号,增强扫描后呈轻度强化。结论:CT、MRI诊断节细胞神经瘤优于超声;当其出现特征影像表现时,需要考虑节细胞神经瘤的诊断。     

Inflammatory pseudotumor of the kidney with renal artery penetration

Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is a quasineoplastic lesion that most commonly involves the lung and the orbit; kidney involvement is rare. We report a case of inflammatory pseudotumor of the kidney. The patient was a 61-year-old man who presented with no symptoms. Nonenhanced computed tomography (CT) demonstrated an ill-defined, isodensity mass measuring 3.5 cm in the lower portion of the left kidney. Contrast-enhanced CT showed that branches of the renal artery without encasement penetrated the tumor; there was a little enhancement in the mass on the arterial phase and homogeneous enhancement on the venous phase. On magnetic resonance imaging the mass showed intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images (T1WIs) and low signal intensity on T2WIs. Most IPTs of the kidney appear as an ill-defined, hypovascular, homogeneous tumor on CT images, with variable signal intensity on MRI T1WIs and low signal intensity on T2WIs. Our case had the same imaging findings, with branches of the renal artery penetrating the tumor. If the renal tumor has these radiological findings, the tumor may be IPT.     

成人白血病中枢神经系统并发症的CT与MRI表现

目的 探讨成人白血病中枢神经系统并发症(CNSCL)的CT和MRI表现及其诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析18例经临床及手术病理证实的成人CNSCL的CT和MRI表现,其中急性淋巴细胞白血病7例,急性非淋巴细胞白血病10例,慢性粒单细胞白血病1例.CT平扫11例,其中增强1例;MR平扫16例,其中增强11例.结果 颅内受累14例:(1)颅内出血7例,其中脑内血肿4例,脑内血肿合并微出血1例,微出血2例.脑内血肿均为多发病灶.CT表现为团状高密度影;MRI表现为T1WI低信号或高低混杂信号,T2WI高信号或等高信号伴环状低信号环,病灶呈环形强化或无明显强化.脑微出血在磁敏感加权成像(SWI)上表现为多发斑点状及小条状低信号,其病灶检出率明显优于CT及MRI其他常规序列检查;7例中,伴脑梗死及蛛网膜下腔出血各1例.(2)颅内肿块5例:其中左额部内板下梭形病灶或跨颅板肿块2例,T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈高低混杂信号,并有明显均匀强化,均见脑膜尾征;鞍区肿块1例,CT示鞍区高密度影,MRI示鞍区T1WI稍低信号,T2WI高信号,有不均匀强化;右侧脑室体旁肿块1例,T1WI、T2WI均呈等信号,有明显均匀强化.左额顶叶壁厚囊性肿块1例,呈环形强化.(3)梗阻性脑积水1例,表现为中脑导水管以上脑室系统扩张.(4)脑膜病变1例,MRI表现为广泛脑膜增厚伴明显均匀强化.椎管内病变4例:其中胸腰椎左侧椎旁软组织肿块2例,侵犯椎管内,伴邻近肋骨骨质破坏1例;椎管内肿块1例,表现为胸椎管后方梭形T1WI等高信号,T2WI等低信号灶,无明显强化;胸髓信号异常1例,表现为胸髓条状T2WI及液体衰减反转恢复(FLAIR)序列高信号影.结论 成人CNSCL影像表现多种多样,CT与MRI对该病的诊断价值相辅相成;白血病患者疑脑内病变者,建议常规使用SWI检查,以尽早发现脑微出血,降低脑内血肿发生的风险.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the CT and MRI findings and their diagnostic value of central nervous system complications of leukemia (CNSCL). Methods The CT and MRI findings of 18 adult patients with CNSCL proved by clinical features or pathology were retrospectively analyzed. Among 18 cases,7 were acute lymphocytic leukemia, 10 acute non-lymphocytic leukemia and 1 chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Eleven cases underwent plain CT scan with one of them also receiving contrast-enhanced CT scan enhancement, 16 cases underwent plain MR scan with 11 of them receiving contrast-enhanced MR scan.Results Intracranial lesions in 14 cases: (1)intracranial hemorrhage was found in 7 cases, including intracerebral hematoma in 4 cases, micro-haemorrhage in 2 cases, and intracerebral hematoma accompanying by multiple intracerebral micro-haemorrhage foci in 1 case. All cases with intracerebral hematoma showed multiple lesions, which demonstrated high-density on CT images, and low or mixed signal on T1 WI, high- or intermediate signal with low-signal rim on T2 WI and ring enhancement or no evident enhancement. Microhaemorrhage manifested as multiple mini-mottling and strip hypointense foci on susceptibility weighted imaging, on which the detection rate of micro-haemorrhage foci was much higher than that on CT and other sequences of MRI. Among the 7 cases, one also had cerebral infarction and one subarachnoid hemorrhage.(2) Intracranial mass was found in 5 cases, among which two appeared as masses under or bestride cranium in the left frontal region with hypointensity on T1 WI, mixed signal on T2WI, strong homogeneous enhancement and dural tail sign;one showed a mass in saddle area, with high density on CT, slightly low signal on T1WI, high signal on T2WI and heterogeneous enhancement; one case displayed a mass near lateral ventricle with iso-intensity on T1 WI and T2WI and strong homogeneous enhancement; and one case manifested as cystic mass in the left fronto-apical lobe, with thick wall and ring enhancement (3)Obstructive hydrocephalus was found in 1 case, manifesting dilation of ventricles above the aquaeductus mesencephali. (4) Meningopathy was found in 1 case, manifesting diffuse thickening of meninges with strong homogeneous enhancement on MRI. Pathological changes of spinal canal was found in 4 cases among which two showed para-spinal mass involving vertebral canal and causing bone destruction of adjacent ribs; one case showed fusiform mass posterior to vertebral canal with high and intermediate signal on T1 WI and low and iso-signal on T2WI without enhancement; one showed zonale leison in thoracic cord with high signal on T2WI and fluid attenuated inversion recovery. Conclusion The radiologic manifestations of adult CNSCL are various and the role of CT and MRI for the diagnosis of CNSCL may complement each other. SWI is suggested as routine examination for patients of leukemia, in whom intracerebral lesions were suspected in order to find micro-haemorrhage as early as possible and reduce the risk of intracerebral hematoma occurrence.