基于MATLAB的CT肝脏肿瘤图像分割

目的 将CT图像中的肝脏肿瘤部分进行准确分割.方法 利用MATLAB平台对CT肝脏肿瘤图像进行预处理,并结合灰度转换、二值化处理、反色处理、形态学处理、区域生长法对病灶区域进行分割.结果 组合分割法能够发挥简单、快速、适合小病灶区域的分割特点,实现了肝脏肿瘤组织的分割,分割效果理想.结论 该方法用于肝部肿瘤的分割具有一定的有效性,但对于与周围粘连较多的肿瘤的分割还有局限性.     

Segmentation for CT images of liver neoplasms based on MATLAB

目的 将CT图像中的肝脏肿瘤部分进行准确分割.方法 利用MATLAB平台对CT肝脏肿瘤图像进行预处理,并结合灰度转换、二值化处理、反色处理、形态学处理、区域生长法对病灶区域进行分割.结果 组合分割法能够发挥简单、快速、适合小病灶区域的分割特点,实现了肝脏肿瘤组织的分割,分割效果理想.结论 该方法用于肝部肿瘤的分割具有一定的有效性,但对于与周围粘连较多的肿瘤的分割还有局限性.     

基于级联式三维卷积神经网络的肝肿瘤自动分割

目的:根据肝肿瘤CT影像中的特异性、分割难点以及残差网络思想,提出一种基于级联式卷积神经网络的全自动CT图像肝脏肿瘤分割方法。方法:首先根据临床知识对CT数据进行预处理,减少干扰;然后基于一个肝脏粗分割网络对肝脏进行分割,并根据分割结果坐标选取肝脏作为感兴趣区域;最后在感兴趣区域内对肿瘤进行精准分割。结果:通过级联式网络分割可以有效减少计算时间以及避免其它组织的干扰,从而实现肝肿瘤的快速分割。本研究提出的方法在2017年MICCAI肝肿瘤分割公开比赛数据集LiTS中进行测试,平均Dice分数为0.663,证实了其对肝肿瘤分割的有效性。结论:基于级联式卷积神经网络的全自动CT图像肝脏肿瘤分割方法可以实现肿瘤的快速分割。后期研究将继续增加数据量,对肿瘤进行分类,从而进一步完善模型。     

智能肝肿瘤CT图像分割

提出了一种智能肝肿瘤CT图像分割的新方法.该方法将医学专家的高层知识融合到图像分割算法中,使算法具有智能性,能够更加准确、快速地实现分割.根据医学图像分割不同阶段的特点以及不同算法的适用性,结合了多尺度分水岭变换与模糊聚类方法,从总体上达到最佳效果.将图像空间信息引入传统的基于灰度的模糊C均值聚类算法中,对传统的模糊C均值聚类算法的目标函数进行修正,推导出修正后算法的迭代公式,并证明了迭代的收敛性.对实际CT肝肿瘤图像的分割实验结果验证了所提方法的有效性.     

基于测地线活动轮廓模型的图像联合分割算法

为了辅助医生对肿瘤治疗方案和靶区形状的设计,我们研究了PET/CT图像联合自动分割,将计算机自动分割的结果作为一个较客观的依据。传统的测地线活动轮廓模型(GAC)具有边缘演化迅速,对弱边界也能准确分割的优点,但是该算法只能利用一种模态的图像信息进行分割。本研究算法在传统的测地线活动轮廓模型基础上进行改进,重新设计其边缘函数,综合利用了CT信息与PET信息,使算法利用两种模态的医学图像信息进行联合分割。由于边缘函数中结合了两种信息,所以算法的演化收敛速度有一定的提升,分割出的边缘也更加合理,较单一PET图像分割算法具有更准确的边界。     

基于小波变换的尿沉渣粘连细胞分割算法的研究与实现

目的:在尿沉渣有形成分识别过程中,细胞分割特别是粘连细胞的分割是其中关键环节之一,分割结果的好坏直接关系到后续识别的效果。为此,本文对一种有效分割尿沉渣图像中粘连细胞的新方法进行了研究。方法:本文通过对原始尿沉渣图像作灰度变换增强后,对其进行小波变换,实现细胞的初次分割,随之对其进行形态学处理以滤除随机干扰并运用二次剥离算法分割粘连细胞。结果:该方法对尿沉渣粘连细胞的分割有效且令人满意。结论:本文所提出的算法设计思想及实现对于尿沉渣有形成分图像自动识别系统的研究具有重要的意义和价值。     

基于Prewitt算法的颅内CT图像病灶分割算法

针对颅内CT图像病灶周围存在大量噪声,分割结果欠佳的问题,本研究提出基于Prewitt算法的颅内CT图像病灶分割算法。首先采用改进型中值小波去噪算法,去除颅内CT图像中的噪声点,优化图像质量;然后使用基于Prewitt算法的图像分割法,完成去噪后CT图像的病灶分割。结果表明,本研究算法在分割颅内CT图像病灶时,错分率为对比算法的1/10,并可将颅内CT图像的噪声点全部去除。说明该算法对颅内CT图像病灶的分割可行性,可用于颅内CT图像病灶分割。     

肝门静脉CT三维重建在腹腔镜肝脏外科的应用研究

目的：报道肝门静脉CT三维重建应用于腹腔镜肝脏外科并评价其价值。方法：铸型标本4例及拟进行腹腔镜肝脏肿瘤切除的患者8例，用CT图像进行三维重建，评价其在腹腔镜肝脏外科的应用价值。结果：①铸型标本螺旋CT三维重建图像清晰显示肝门静脉的最远分支，血管边缘清晰光滑，肝实质与肝门静脉的空间关系明确。②病例CT三维重建图像清晰显示门静脉5级分支，肝静脉隐约显影，肿瘤内无门静脉分支血管，腹腔镜手术证实三维重建诊断，三维重建图像显示肿瘤空间位置及与周围血管关系，镜下所见与重建图像一致。结论：螺旋CT三维重建效果好，在很大程度上弥补了腹腔镜手术的局限性，是腹腔镜肝脏外科术前的重要检查方法，在腹腔镜肝脏外科的应用具有良好的前景。     

全局与局部注意力机制的胃部肿瘤分割算法

通过CT实现术前胃部肿瘤诊断是一种潜在高效的技术方法，而准确的肿瘤影像分割是实现该方法的关键。为了能够精确地提取到肿瘤区域，提出一种基于注意力机制的2D分割网络GLat-Net对上腹部CT影像中的胃部肿瘤区域进行分割，通过增加对肿瘤周围区域的关注，从全局和局部两个角度提取有效的上下文信息；同时在解码模块中引入权重模块突出具有代表性的特征。通过实验结果证明，相比较于其他前沿分割方法，该算法在胃部肿瘤分割上有更高的准确度。     

基于数学形态学的CT图像肝脏肿瘤提取研究

目的 肝脏肿瘤的提取是肝脏三维可视化、手术规划和模拟的基础,而当前肿瘤分割存在干预过多和分割效果不佳的问题.方法 本文通过对腹部CT图像进行高斯平滑以去除图像噪声和细密纹理,计算出图像的形态学梯度并用高、低帽变换进行增强,再根据用户选择点计算内部和外部标记符,然后基于控制标记符的分水岭算法分割图像,提取出腹部CT图像中的病变组织.结果 实验结果表明,该算法能够在较少的人工干预下快速分割出肝脏病变组织.结论 该算法实现了腹部CT图像中肝脏病变组织的提取.     

Advanced Surface Reconstruction Technique to Build Detailed Surface Models of the Liver and Neighboring Structures from the Visible Korean Human

Unlike volume models, surface models, which are empty three-dimensional images, have small file size, so that they can be displayed, rotated, and modified in a real time. For the reason, the surface models of liver and neighboring structures can be effectively applied to virtual hepatic segmentectomy, virtual laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and so on. The purpose of this research is to present surface models of detailed structures inside and outside the liver, which promote medical simulation systems. Forty-seven chosen structures were liver structures such as portal triad, hepatic vein, and neighboring structures such as the stomach, duodenum, muscles, bones, and skin. The structures were outlined in the serially sectioned images from the Visible Korean Human to prepare segmented images. From the segmented images, serial outlines of each structure were stacked; on the popular commercial software, advanced surface reconstruction technique was applied to build surface model of the structure. A surface model of the liver was divided into eight models of hepatic segments according to distribution of the portal vein. The surface models will be distributed to encourage researchers to develop the various kinds of medical simulation of the abdomen.     

Area Extraction of the Liver and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in CT Scans

In Korea, hepatocellular carcinoma is the third frequent cause of cancer death, occupying 17.2% among the whole deaths from cancer, and the rate of death from hepatocellular carcinoma comes to about 21 out of 100,000. This paper proposes an automatic method for the extraction of areas being suspicious as hepatocellular carcinoma from computed tomography (CT) scans and evaluates the availability as an auxiliary tool for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. For detecting tumors in the internal of the liver from a CT scan, first, an area of the liver is extracted from about 45–50 CT slices obtained by scanning in 2.5-mm intervals starting from the lower part of the chest. In the extraction of an area of the liver, after the unconcerned areas outside of the bony thorax are removed, areas of the internal organs are segmented by using information on the intensity distribution of each organ, and an area of the liver is extracted among the segmented areas by using information on the position and morphology of the liver. Because hepatocellular carcinoma is a hypervascular tumor, the area corresponding to hepatocellular carcinoma appears more brightly than the surroundings in a CT scan, and also takes a spherical shape if the tumor shows expansile growth pattern. By using these features, areas being brighter than the surroundings and globe-shaped are segmented as candidate areas for hepatocellular carcinoma in the area of the liver, and then, areas appearing at the same position in successive CT slices among the candidates are discriminated as hepatocellular carcinoma. For the performance evaluation of the proposed method, experimental results obtained by applying the proposed method to CT scans were compared with the diagnoses by radiologists. The evaluation results showed that all areas of the liver and hypervascular tumors were extracted exactly and the proposed method has a high availability as an auxiliary diagnosis tool for the discrimination of liver tumors.     

基于分段B样条形变配准方法的头颈部伪CT生成研究

目的:探讨分段B样条形变配准方法在头颈部伪CT(sCT)生成中的应用,以及对sCT生成精度的影响。方法:收集已经进行调强放射治疗的鼻咽癌患者45例,每例计划均包括头颈部T1加权核磁共振成像(MRI)和CT图像。使用3D Slicer软件对MRI和CT图像分别进行分段B样条形变配准、整体B样条形变配准、分段刚性配准和整体刚性配准4种方法配准,比较配准后的MRI图像和真实CT图像的Dice相似性系数(DSC)值。随机选取其中的30例患者作为训练集,15例患者为测试集,将配准后的MRI和CT图像通过pix2pix网络进行模型训练生成sCT,对生成的sCT和真实CT进行平均绝对误差(MAE)、结构相似性系数(SSIM)和峰值信噪比(PSNR)值的比较,分析通过阈值法分割为不同组织(骨头、软组织、空气和脂肪)的MAE值。结果:配准后的MRI和真实CT图像比较,分段B样条形变配准方法的DSC值最优;使用4种配准方法生成的sCT和真实CT图像进行MAE、SSIM和PSNR值比较,分段配准方法比整体配准方法好,B样条形变配准方法比刚性配准方法好。分段B样条形变配准方法的MAE值为(74.783±9.8...     

带有预处理的计划CT和在线CT的形变配准方法

CT扫描中,水溶性碘造影的存在使得计划CT和在线CT图像中血管内的HU值出现非常大的偏差,从而导致计划CT和在线CT图像错配。针对该问题,本研究提出了一种基于预处理的计划CT和在线CT形变配准方法。首先,根据CT图像组织和结构的信息,利用阈值分割方法分割出血管,并将所有分割中最大的联通区域作为初始分割的强化血管;其次,利用分割得到的强化血管区域外扩5 mm,作为外扩的强化血管,并将血管用固定的HU值进行填充;最后,对完成填充后的图像利用Demons算法进行形变配准。实验结果显示本文提出的带有预处理的形变配准方法,可以较好地解决水溶性碘造影剂引起的CT错配问题。     

Advanced fuzzy cellular neural network: application to CT liver images

OBJECTIVE: To achieve better boundary integrities and recall accuracies for segmented liver images, use of the advanced fuzzy cellular neural network (AFCNN), as a variant of the fuzzy cellular neural network (FCNN), is proposed to effectively segment CT liver images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In order to better utilize relevant contour and gray information from liver images, we have improved the FCNN [Wang S, Wang M. A new algorithm NDA based on fuzzy cellular neural networks for white blood cell detection. IEEE Trans Inform Technol Biomed, in press], which proved to be very effective for the segmentation of microscopic white blood cell images, to create the novel neural network, AFCNN. Its convergent property and global stability are proved. Based on the FCNN-based NDA algorithm [Wang S, Wang M. A new algorithm NDA based on fuzzy cellular neural networks for white blood cell detection. IEEE Trans Inform Technol Biomed, in press], we developed the AFCNN-based NDA algorithm, which we used to segment 5 CT liver images. For comparison, we also segmented the same 5 CT liver images using the FCNN-based NDA algorithm. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: : AFCNN has distinct advantages over FCNN in both boundary integrity and recall accuracy. In particular, the performance index Binary_rate is generally much higher for AFCNN than for FCNN when applied to CT liver images.     

Patient-specific and global convolutional neural networks for robust automatic liver tumor delineation in follow-up CT studies

Radiological longitudinal follow-up of tumors in CT scans is essential for disease assessment and liver tumor therapy. Currently, most tumor size measurements follow the RECIST guidelines, which can be off by as much as 50%. True volumetric measurements are more accurate but require manual delineation, which is time-consuming and user-dependent. We present a convolutional neural networks (CNN) based method for robust automatic liver tumor delineation in longitudinal CT studies that uses both global and patient specific CNNs trained on a small database of delineated images. The inputs are the baseline scan and the tumor delineation, a follow-up scan, and a liver tumor global CNN voxel classifier built from radiologist-validated liver tumor delineations. The outputs are the tumor delineations in the follow-up CT scan. The baseline scan tumor delineation serves as a high-quality prior for the tumor characterization in the follow-up scans. It is used to evaluate the global CNN performance on the new case and to reliably predict failures of the global CNN on the follow-up scan. High-scoring cases are segmented with a global CNN; low-scoring cases, which are predicted to be failures of the global CNN, are segmented with a patient-specific CNN built from the baseline scan. Our experimental results on 222 tumors from 31 patients yield an average overlap error of 17% (std?=?11.2) and surface distance of 2.1 mm (std?=?1.8), far better than stand-alone segmentation. Importantly, the robustness of our method improved from 67% for stand-alone global CNN segmentation to 100%. Unlike other medical imaging deep learning approaches, which require large annotated training datasets, our method exploits the follow-up framework to yield accurate tumor tracking and failure detection and correction with a small training dataset.

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Graphical abstract Flow diagram of the proposed method. In the offline mode (orange), a global CNN is trained as a voxel classifier to segment liver tumor as in [31]. The online mode (blue) is used for each new case. The input is baseline scan with delineation and the follow-up CT scan to be segmented. The main novelty is the ability to predict failures by trying the system on the baseline scan and the ability to correct them using the patient-specific CNN

     

基于双源CT图像的冠状动脉分割

背景：在计算机辅助下,从双源CT图像中把三维冠状动脉分割出来能为其定量评价提供基础。但冠状动脉的三维形态复杂多变,且其管径细小,因而实现冠状动脉的高精度分割是一项有挑战性的课题。 目的：解决冠状动脉难以实现高精度分割的问题。 方法：采用三步数据处理策略实现冠状动脉分割。先采用阈值方法对三维双源CT图像进行预分割;然后,采用交互式的策略分割出与主动脉相连的左、右冠状动脉始端;最后,根据冠状动脉始端的位置,利用形态学方法和三维断层图像相邻层间的关系分割出三维冠状动脉。 结果与结论：提出的基于形态学与断层图像层间关系的分割方法能较精确地从双源CT图像中分割出左、右冠状动脉,说明该方法适用于三维冠状动脉的分割。