Aeromedical evacuation: remembering the past, bridging to the future

Operations Desert Shield/Desert Storm saw the largest mobilization of aeromedical evacuation (AE) assets since the Vietnam War. Ultimately, more than 1,950 AE personnel were deployed to support the medical airlift of personnel. With aircrews based at 17 locations in the region, at its peak the system could move up to 3,600 intratheater and 2,500 intertheater casualties per day. Fortunately, the demand for AE fell far short of predictions. During the period from August 12, 1990, to March 31, 1991, more than 12,500 patients were successfully airlifted using converted cargo aircraft, a concept originally validated in World War II. The authors describe the Operations Desert Shield/Desert Storm AE system and identify the efforts underway to construct a new aeromedical evacuation system capable of meeting the needs of the battlefield of the 21st century.     

Looking into the future: iotrolan and beyond

The modern classes of contrast agents in the diagnostic areas of X-ray, magnetic resonance and ultrasound imaging offer safety and tolerance on a level which is difficult to further improve. The thrust of research is, therefore, now focused on efficacy, which basically means the development of organ and tissue-specific contrast agents. These new substance classes promise to open up faseinating possibilities and are represented in this review by specific agents that are currently undergoing preclinical or clinica evaluation. Reficulo-endothelial systems and hepatocyte-targeted agents enhance the tissue contrast of the liver and spleen, reducing the detection threshold and facilitating further characterization of focal liver lesions. With blood pool contrast agetns it is possible to delincate blood vessesl and obtain an angiographic effect for detection of areas of increased capillary permeability and occult bleeding.     

Military nursing and diagnosis-related groups: using the past to benefit our future

To contain the escalating cost of health care, a prospective payment system is being introduced into the military. The authors propose a proactive approach to this change in health care financing by evaluating the experiences of nurses to a similar change in the civilian sector. These approaches are presented as nine interrelated lessons: responding optimistically; shifting into a business mode; valuing clinical nursing experts; understanding the implications for documentation; moving to decentralized management; changing outpatient care delivery; considering the effects on job satisfaction; evaluating the relationship between costs and nursing resource consumption; and basing nursing practice in science.     

应用国际互联网(Internet)查找放射学资料

Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ即国际互联网 ,它联结着世界上数千万台计算机主机 ,它不仅提供多种简单快捷的通信与信息检索手段 ,更重要的是为人们提供了浩瀚的信息资源 ,使之成为世界范围内信息通讯的主要渠道。电子邮件 (Ｅ -ｍａｉｌ)和信息检索是Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ最基本的服务内容。Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ网上拥有丰富的放射医学信息资源 ,Ｎｅｔｓｃａｐｅ、ＮａｖｉｇａｔｏｒＭｉｃｒｏｓｏｆｔＩｎｔｅｒｎｅｔＥｘｐｌｏｒｅｒ等图形界面浏览器的使用 ,使网上资料的寻找更为方便 ,为我们查找资料提供了崭新快捷的方式。将电脑联上Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ…     

The chequered past and risky future of digital forensics

There is weak integration of digital forensics and forensic science, despite over a decade of effort to break down the borders between them. As more criminal investigations involve digital traces in increasing amounts and complexity, the quality of digital forensic results is decreasing and comprehension of cybercrime is diminishing. The consequences of errors and omissions in digital forensics include imprisoning innocent people, leaving dangerous criminals free to perpetrate additional crimes, and continuing victimization of the organizations and people targeted by offences. To mitigate these risks it is necessary to harmonize digital forensics and forensic science, and to strengthen knowledge management throughout decentralized forensic ecosystems. To drive the needed harmonization and knowledge management, there are two essential roles: the investigative advisor with operational experience, and the forensic advisor with scientific background. These advisors can negotiate the borders between police, digital forensic specialists, criminal intelligence analysts and attorneys to cultivate a criminal justice system that treats digital traces effectively, has visibility across criminal activities, and addresses crime and security more strategically.