设计性实验的引入对药理学实验教学的影响

目的 探讨设计性实验引入药理学实验教学在激发学生学习热情,培养学生创新思维、创新能力,提高学生发现问题和解决问题能力方面的作用.方法 在药理学实验教学中引入设计性实验.结果 设计性实验的引入使药理学实验教学质量有了很大程度的提高.结论 设计性实验在药理学实验教学中的应用是可行的,对实验教学效果和学生实践能力的影响是很大的.     

药理学实验课程新体系的设计和实施

适当减少验证性实验,增设综合性、设计性实验是医学实验课程改革的方向。湘南学院在临床医学本科专业学生中开展药理学实验课程改革,将实验课程体系分成验证性实验、综合性实验和设计性实验三个阶段。实验课程体系以传统验证性实验为基础,突出综合性、设计性实验在能力培养中的作用,并以设计性实验各个环节完成的情况作为实验考核的成绩。药理学实验课程新体系的建立提高了学生的兴趣和能力,提高了教师队伍的水平。     

药理学实验教学方法初探

①目的 探讨如何从教师和学生两个层面提高药理学理论与实验教学效果.②方法 学生完成所有实验课程后,通过严密设计调查问卷,随机抽取部分学生,进行问卷调查.③结果 设计性实验对自主学习能力的显著性提高大于验证性实验;PBL教学模式对自主学习能力显著性提高大于传统教学.设计性实验的成功率大于验证性实验.④结论 设计性实验及PBL教学模式有助于提高学生的自主学习能力.     

高职药学专业药理学实验改革与实践

目的使实验教材与药理学新大纲、新教材相适应,与21世纪药学专业培养目标———校企结合、工学结合的特点相适应。方法通过临床调研、遴选实验、设计和验证实验、编写药理学实验报告及教学效果调查等方法对高职药学专业药理学实验教材进行改革。结果根据药理学的知识特点,将实验内容分为验证性实验、设计性实验和实用性实验三大部分,并新增药物说明书的阅读与解释、药历书写、发药后交待、特殊人群用药分析等内容,学生的学习兴趣和学习能力有显著提高。结论通过药理学实验指导与报告的优化和重组,提高药理学实验教材的应用水平,改进传统的药理学实验教学方法,增强实验设计的实用性。     

在药学专业开设综合设计性实验课程的探讨

将药物化学自主设计性实验,药剂学自主设计性实验和药理学自主设计性实验三个模块联合起来组成综合设计性实验课程,旨在建立规范完整的药学相关专业本科生综合实验课程体系,加深学生对新药设计、研发以及创制整体过程的理解,提高学生新药开发意识以及综合运用知识解决实际问题的能力。     

设计性、综合性实验在医学大专院校药理学教学中的应用调查研究

目的 探讨设计性、综合性实验在药理实验教学中的应用及效果.方法 进行药理学设计性、综合性实验方案的制订与实施并进行各项评价.结果 设计性、综合性实验的开设能够提高学生的学习兴趣、实践能力和探索精神.结论 设计性、综合性实验方案的制订与实施可培养学生的科研思维及创新能力.     

药理学实验课教学方法改革的探索与实践

药理学实验是一门实践性很强的专业课程,是整个药理学教学过程中的重要组成部分,其教学效果直接影响该专业整体教学质量的高低。在药理学实验教学中,改革教学内容,开设科研设计性实验,引入以问题为基础的学习(PBL)、类比启发式、多媒体教学和电化教学方法,理论联系实际,可激发学生的学习兴趣和主动性,培养学生的学术素养和创新精神,提高学生分析问题、解决问题和灵活应用知识的能力,提高药理学实验教学质量。     

临床医学专业药理学设计性实验教学实践与思考

通过整合药理学传统验证性实验,开展设计性实验,探索临床医学专业药理学设计性实验教学方法。对设计性实验的开展时机、选题、方案设计、实验实施、成绩评价等教学过程进行阐述,思考如何进一步提高教学效果。教学实践表明,设计性实验能够加深学生对药理学基本理论知识的理解,增强学生的基本实验技能,提高学生的综合素质,从而有助于实现临床医学专业培养“高素质、厚基础、强技能”高水平医学人才的教学目标。     

药学专业开展药理学开放设计性实验的探索

实验教学是培养学生创新精神和综合能力的重要环节,其教学模式和方法对培养具有创新能力、逻辑思维能力和动手能力的综合人才意义重大。在药学专业的本科生中开展药理学开放设计性实验,通过查阅文献、设计实验方案、独立完成实验、撰写实验论文等教学环节,探索药理学开放设计性实验的实施,并对这一教学实践进行分析和思考。     

实验技术人员在药理学“设计性实验”中的作用

高等医学教育改革是时代发展的需要，药理学“设计性实验”是实验改革的一大举措，通过实验技术人员在药理学“设计性实验”中的协助作用，既提高了教学质量，更新实验教学的观念，又克服了传统实验教学模式给教学带来的弊端，增强学生的动手能力，培养他们的创新意识和严谨的科学态度。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.