Metabolism of sialic acid-containing compounds in the gastric and intestinal mucosa in immobilization stress

The metabolism of sialoglycoproteins and ganglioside (free, oligo-, protein-, and lipid-bound sialic acids, and activity of sialidase) is studied in plasma and gastric and duodenal mucosa of rats subjected to immobilization stress for 8 days. Sustained alterations in these parameters are found in severely stressed animals. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 268–269, September, 1994 Presented by S. S. Debov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.     

Metabolism of collagen in experimental osteomyelitis

Serum and local bone indexes of collagen catabolism were considerably increased in rabbit pups with acute stage of tibial osteomyelitis. Chronic stage of osteomyelitis was characterized by an elevated content of hydroxyproline bound to low-molecular-weight collagen fragments. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 127, No. 6, pp. 691–692, June, 1999     

Changes in sialic acid content in the intestinal tissues of animals vaccinated with living poliomyelitis vaccine

A single oral administration of living poliomyelitis vaccine of immunologic type II (Sabin strain) to albino mice weighing 12–14 g is followed by an increase in the free sialic acid content from the 5th to the 20th days and in the bound sialic acid content from the 20th to the 45th day from the beginning of immunization in the small intestine of the vaccinated animals.Laboratory of Immunopathology, D. I. Ivanovskii Institute of Virology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. M. Zhdanov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 298–299, March, 1976.     

Comparative analysis of acute toxicity of amino acid-containing antiarrhythmics

Acute toxicity of amino acid-containing antiarrhythmic agents is experimentally studied in mice. Introduction of amino acids into the antiarrhythmic molecules always reduces their toxicity. However, the same amino acids unequally modulate toxicity of different antiarrhythmic drugs. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 127, No. 2, pp. 215–217, February, 1999     

Localization of sulfated sialic acids in the dentinal tubules during tooth formation in mice

Lectin-like properties of the major enamel protein amelogenin suggest that it binds to glycoconjugates in dentinal tubules released at the dentin-enamel junction (DEJ) during enamel formation. Therefore, a detailed mapping of glycosylation in dentinal tubules during tooth formation was undertaken using histochemistry and lectin-binding assays. The tubular content exhibited sialidase-susceptible gamma-metachromasia with Toluidine Blue (pH 2.5) and staining with Alcian Blue (pH 1.0). The presence of sulfate groups was confirmed by benzidine reactions (Bracco-Curti's and tetrazonium assays). Alpha2,3-, alpha2,6- and alpha2,8-sialidases entirely abolished staining with the benzidine reactions. The presence of sialic acids in dentinal tubules was confirmed with the Bial's reaction and sialidase-susceptible binding of Limax flavus lectin suggesting that sialic acids are the major sulfated sugars in the glycoconjguates. Immunostaining with the monoclonal antibody 5-D-4 before and after treatment with chondroitin-4- and chondroitin-6-sulfatase confirmed the presence of keratan sulfate (KS), a sialylated proteoglycan, in dentinal tubules. We suggest that sulfated sialic acids are part of the KSs. The sulfated glycoconjugates are also found in dentin and the DEJ but not in predentin suggesting that amelogenin binds to the sialoconjugate during enamel formation.     

Mechanism of the lipid-mobilizing action of ethimizole

The effect of ethimizole on the mobilization of fatty acids and the role of hormones of the pituitary-adrenal system in the lipolytic effect of ethimizole were studied in experiments on rats. The lipid-mobilizing action of ethimizole was well marked in intact, hypophysectomized, and adrenalectomized rats. The effect of the drug disappeared in animals after simultaneous extirpation of the pituitary and adrenals but was restored when these animals were given hydrocotisone. It is concluded that ethimizole has a direct action on the mobilization of fatty acids and that corticosteroids play a permissive role in the lipid-mobilizing effect of ethimizole.Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR S. V. Anichkov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 9, pp. 321–323, September, 1977.     

Effect of enteral oxygen therapy on liver function in acute degeneration

The effect of enteral oxygen therapy was studied in rats with acute degeneration of the liver caused by CCl₄. Intragastric injection of oxygen foam reduced the severity of poisoning and led to more rapid and complete recovery of the intensity of bile secretion, synthesis of primary bile acids, and their conjugation with amino acids, and improved the stabilizing properties of the bile.Department of Pharmacology, Ternopol' Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR S. V. Anichkov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 10, pp. 419–421, October, 1977.     

Instability of bronchial epithelium in chronic pulmonary diseases

Pathomorphological examination of large bronchi in patients with occupational diseases, lung cancer, and in subjects exposed to radiation revealed structural and functional heterogeneity of the epithelium: the presence of focal atrophy, metaplasia, hyper- and dysplasia in the same biopsy specimen. This phenomenon was termed as instability of the epithelium. Thickness of the epithelium greatly varied, especially, in neoplastic processes. Atrophy and epithelial instability phenomenon are interpreted as morphological markers of ecological and oncological risk. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 4, pp. 470–474, April, 2000     

Effect of picrotoxin-induced seizures on lipid composition of cortical tissue homogenate and its nuclear fraction in rats

The content of lipids in rat cortical tissue homogenate and fraction of neuronal nuclei was determined under normal conditions and after picrotoxin-induced seizures. Changes in lipid composition of homogenate and nuclear fraction differed considerably. In homogenate, the content of sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylcholine, and total phospholipids increased, while the content of free fatty acid remained unchanged; in the nuclear fraction the total phospholipid content decreased, while the concentration of free fatty acids increased. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 9, pp. 292–294, September 2000     

Autoradiographic analysis of epithelial proliferation in chronic gingivitis

Proliferative processes in the gingival mucosa are studied by autoradiography in 55 patients with chronic gingivitis. It is found that the number of DNA-producing epithelial cells does not change. Increased label intensity in chronic catarrhal and hypertrophic gingivitis in comparison with the control testifies to a sufficient compensatory reaction. Regenerative processes are suppressed in chronic atrophic gingivitis. The number of pathological mitoses increases with the development of pathomorphological changes in all studied types of gingivitis. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 124, No. 10, pp. 473–476, October, 1997     

Effect of picrotoxin-induced seizures on lipid composition of cortical tissue homogenate and its nuclear fraction in rats

The content of lipids in rat cortical tissue homogenate and fraction of neuronal nuclei was determined under normal conditions and after picrotoxin-induced seizures. Changes in lipid composition of homogenate and nuclear fraction differed considerably. In homogenate, the content of sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylcholine, and total phospholipids increased, while the content of free fatty acid remained unchanged; in the nuclear fraction the total phospholipid content decreased, while the concentration of free fatty acids increased. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 9, pp. 292–294, September 2000     

Impact of febrile reactions on the distribution of carbohydrate and protein metabolic products in body fluids

It is shown that in rabbits with fever the lymphatic system is involved together with the circulatory system in the resorption of metabolic products from intercellular spaces of organs and tissues and in the transport of these products to the general circulation. In cases of a long-lasting febrile reaction, the toxicity of lymph greatly increases as a consequence of a rise in its content of creatinine and urea. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 6, pp. 584–586, June 1994 Presented by A. D. Ado, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Computer analysis of microscopic picture of the adrenals in poisoning with organochlorine compounds

The area of the metabolic component of the microcirculatory bed decreases in the adrenal cortex of albino rats intoxicated with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (a herbicide), as revealed by quantitative histochemical analysis. This decrease is paralleled by a decrease in the production of adrenal steroids. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 12, pp. 666–668, December, 1998     

Effect of a polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched diet on the state of the Ca-transporting system of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the myocardium

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 116, N ^o 10, pp. 350–352, October, 1993