盐酸羟考酮缓释片治疗肿瘤疼痛的临床疗效及护理干预

目的探讨护理干预对盐酸羟考酮缓释片治疗肿瘤疼痛患者疗效的影响。方法选取2011年1月至2014年1月间唐山市第二医院收治的80例肿瘤并伴有肿瘤疼痛的住院患者,简单随机抽样法分为观察组和对照组,每组40例。对照组患者给予个体化盐酸羟考酮缓释片口服止痛,观察组患者在对照组的基础上加强个体化综合护理干预,2周后观察患者疼痛、生活质量评分变化以及不良反应程度。结论观察组患者肿瘤疼痛缓解率为75.0%,对照组患者的肿瘤疼痛缓解率为85.0%(P<0.05),恶心呕吐以及便秘发生率明显下降(P<0.05)。两组患者干预后生活质量均改善(P<0.05),观察组改善更明显(P<0.05)。结果盐酸羟考酮缓释片可有效缓解肿瘤患者疼痛症状,系统规范的护理干预在肿瘤疼痛患者治疗中有积极意义,应该得到重视。     

盐酸羟考酮缓释片与曲马多缓释片治疗中度癌痛的近期疗效比较

目的比较盐酸羟考酮缓释片（奥施康定）与曲马多缓释片（奇曼丁）治疗中度癌痛的近期疗效。方法将100例伴有中度癌痛患者随机分为奥施康定组和奇曼丁组,每组50例,分别接受奥施康定和奇曼丁的治疗。结果奥施康定组治疗后第3、7、10天的NRS评分均较奇曼丁组低,且奥施康定组治疗后第3天NRS评分下降幅度较奇曼丁组明显（P〈0.05）;奥施康定组的CR率和有效率分别为34.0%和100.0%,明显高于奇曼丁组的10.0%和84.0%（P〈0.05）;2组毒副反应发生率比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论与奇曼丁相比,应用奥施康定治疗中度癌痛患者,能更快更有效缓解疼痛,而未增加毒副反应。     

盐酸羟考酮缓释片治疗中重度癌痛60例临床观察

目的：观察盐酸羟考酮缓释片治疗中重度癌痛患者的镇痛效果和安全性.方法：应用盐酸羟考酮缓释片治疗60例中重度癌痛患者,评价镇痛效果、生活质量、不良反应.对于初次使用阿片类药物的患者,滴定方法：起始剂量为10mg,给药1小时后评估镇痛效果,反复滴定,直至NRS 0-3分,维持此剂量,每12小时口服1次.出现爆发痛,予以前日盐酸羟考酮缓释片总固定量的10％-20％.阿片耐受的患者,则将前24小时的累积剂量换算成短效阿片（每4小时量）,在此基础上再增加50％-100％剂量.结果：60例中重度癌痛患者口服盐酸羟考酮缓释片剂量在20-760mg/天之间,平均剂量154.3mg/天,滴定达有效剂量的平均天数为2.5天.疼痛总缓解率95.0％,其中完全缓解13例,部分缓解44例.中、重度癌痛患者生活质量总有效率分别为92.9％、93.8％.不良反应主要为便秘、恶心、呕吐、头晕.结论：盐酸羟考酮缓释片治疗中重度癌痛患者疗效稳定,不良反应少,安全性高.     

超大剂量盐酸羟考酮缓释片与硫酸吗啡缓释片治疗重度癌痛的疗效及安全性比较

目的:观察超大剂量盐酸羟考酮缓释片(奥施康定)与硫酸吗啡缓释片(美施康定)治疗重度疼痛的临床疗效及安全性.方法:将重度疼痛的晚期肿瘤患者随机分为盐酸羟考酮缓释片组(奥施康定组)和硫酸吗啡缓释片(美施康定组)组,剔除观察期内(14天)两组患者中奥施康定和美施康定使用未达到超大剂量的患者.共有76例患者纳入本研究,其中奥施康定组33例,美施康定组43例.比较两组患者的止痛疗效、生活质量、不良反应.结果:奥施康定组达到首次疼痛控制稳定时间短于美施康定组,且在观察期间内,奥施康定组爆发痛发生次数以及解救药物使用剂量均少于美施康定组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).奥施康定组疼痛缓解率87.88%,美施康定组疼痛缓解率83.72%,两组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).奥施康定组和美施康定组治疗后生活质量较治疗前好转,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者用药后生活质量变化比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).治疗过程中,奥施康定组便秘发生情况低于美施康定组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:奥施康定和美施康定可有效缓解晚期癌症患者的疼痛,改善患者生活质量,具有较好的临床疗效,但盐酸羟考酮缓释片止痛快速、持久、稳定,不良反应发生率低.     

盐酸羟考酮缓释片用于癌痛治疗的滴定*

盐酸羟考酮缓释片作为一种新型的强阿片类镇痛药,镇痛效果确切、口服安全性高、不良反应轻微,持续应用可提高癌痛患者的生存质量,是临床治疗中重度癌痛的首选药物之一。针对盐酸羟考酮缓释片治疗癌痛的药理特点,近年国内外将其用于癌痛治疗过程中的剂量调整,取得了很好的效果,本文对此进行综述。     

盐酸羟考酮缓释片治疗胃癌患者中重度癌痛的临床疗效观察

目的：探讨盐酸羟考酮缓释片用于胃癌患者中重度癌痛的临床疗效和毒副反应。方法135例胃癌中重度癌痛患者均接受口服盐酸羟考酮缓释片控制癌痛,初始剂量10~20 mg/次,q12 h,用药过程中根据疼痛评估情况进行剂量调整,直至癌痛控制良好。2周后采取 NRS 评分法进行疼痛评分,并观察疼痛缓解情况、生活质量、药物毒副反应等。结果所有135例患者治疗后 NRS 评分为（1.68±0.98）分,明显低于治疗前的（7.22±2.13）分,差异有统计学意义（P ﹥0.05）。治疗后总疼痛缓解率为92.6％。生活质量改善率为74.1％。主要毒副反应为恶心呕吐、便秘、嗜睡等,均为轻度,未影响治疗的顺利进行。结论盐酸羟考酮缓释片用于胃癌患者能够良好控制中重度癌痛,明显改善患者的生活质量,且用药较为安全。     

芬太尼透皮贴联合盐酸羟考酮缓释片对中重度癌痛患者镇痛效果及生活质量的影响

目的探讨芬太尼透皮贴与盐酸羟考酮缓释片在中重度癌痛患者中的联合应用价值。方法选取2013年1月至2014年12月间湖北省荆州市第二人民医院收治的97例中重度癌痛患者进行回顾性分析,将采用盐酸羟考酮缓释片和芬太尼透皮贴治疗的50例患者纳入观察组,仅采用口服盐酸羟考酮缓释片治疗的47例患者纳入对照组。分析并比较两组患者的临床治疗效果、生活质量及不良反应发生情况。结果治疗后,观察组爆发痛发生次数少于对照组,数字评分法(NRS)评分值低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。观察组治疗后与治疗前比较,日常生活能力量表(ADL)和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评分均明显降低,且上述评分均低于对照组治疗后,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。两组患者不良反应为恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、嗜睡、尿潴留及便秘等,且两组患者不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。结论芬太尼透皮贴与盐酸羟考酮缓释片在中重度癌痛患者的联合应用过程中,能够明显缓解疼痛,提高生活质量,且安全性好,值得推广。     

羟考酮控释片长期使用治疗中重度癌痛的有效性和安全性的临床观察

目的：监测羟考酮控释片长期使用的疗效及安全性。方法：通过开放、自身对照研究,对患者的疼痛程度、生活质量进行随访评估及记录毒副反应,连续观察4周以上为有效病例。结果：研究共纳入153例癌痛患者,在应用羟考酮控释片期间,患者的疼痛得到显著缓解,疼痛程度评分由基线时的6.33±1.24,降低到第7天时的2.48±2.34,第14天时的2.04±1.00,第28天时的1.79±1.14,用药前后疼痛强度评分有统计学意义（P〈0.001）。患者治疗后生活质量明显改善,生活质量总评分由基线时的13.12±2.53,升高到第7天时的15.98±2.22,第14天时的15.74±2.53,第28天时的15.83±2.45（P〈0.001）。毒副反应主要为便秘、恶心、头晕、呕吐、嗜睡等。结论：羟考酮控释片长期使用治疗中重度癌痛疗效稳定,患者生活质量明显提高,毒副反应少,可作为长期使用治疗中重度癌痛的首选药之一。     

107例大剂量盐酸羟考酮缓释片治疗中重度癌痛的有效性和安全性研究

目的探讨大剂量盐酸羟考酮缓释片(日剂量超过160 mg)治疗中重度癌痛患者的有效性和安全性。方法对2018年4月至2018年10月符合入组标准的107例患者进行回顾性研究,分析患者在达到大剂量前1天、大剂量治疗当日等5个时间点的疼痛评分、患者药物剂量和不良反应的发生情况。结果大剂量盐酸羟考酮完全缓解率(无痛患者比例)随治疗时间逐渐提高,治疗1周可达到6.54%。有效缓解率(疼痛评分≤3分患者比例)在治疗当日达到近50%,治疗1周可达到90%。患者治疗1周的盐酸羟考酮平均日剂量为228.88 mg。与大剂量盐酸羟考酮治疗前相比,大剂量盐酸羟考酮治疗后不良事件发生率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗当日不良事件发生率最高为10.28%,随治疗时间延长而逐渐减低。结论大剂量盐酸羟考酮可有效缓解中重度疼痛,患者耐受性良好,值得在中重度癌痛临床治疗上进行推广。     

盐酸羟考酮缓释片对急诊癌痛患者疼痛的影响及安全性

目的 探讨盐酸羟考酮缓释片对急诊癌痛患者疼痛的影响及安全性.方法 将100例急诊癌痛患者按治疗方式不同分为羟考酮组49例和吗啡组51例.羟考酮组患者予以盐酸羟考酮缓释片治疗,吗啡组患者予以硫酸吗啡缓释片治疗.观察并记录两组患者用药后疼痛缓解情况、用药前后疼痛因子[血清P物质(SP)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、皮质醇(Cor...     

Sleep and quality of life in long-term lung cancer survivors

BACKGROUND: Sleep problems are common in lung cancer survivors, yet little is known about the prevalence, determinants, and effects on quality of life (QoL) of these sleep problems in long-term lung cancer survivors. METHODS: A case-control study design comparing 76 elderly lung cancer survivors (LCS, >5 years post diagnosis with mean survival time of 8 years+/-2.1 years) and 78 elderly non-cancer controls (NCC). Measurements included a standardized questionnaire for sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index-PSQI), and analogue scales for dyspnea, pain, and other comorbid symptoms, as well as demographic factors and cancer history. RESULTS: Overall, 56.6% of LCS had poor sleep (PSQI global score >5) as compared to only 29.5% of NCC (p<0.001), and 49.2% of LCS who did not have sleep difficulties prior to their lung cancer diagnosis ultimately developed them. There was also evidence of significant impairments in sleep efficiency in LCS (78.3%) relative to NCC (89.6%, p<0.001), predominantly due to increased nocturnal awakenings. A single-item analogue scale for sleep quality was not as effective in identifying sleep problems as more specific questions about sleep duration and sleep efficiency. Poor sleep quality was significantly correlated with impairments in quality of life, even when controlling for other factors, such as dyspnea. CONCLUSIONS: Even 8 years after diagnosis, LCS continue to have significant sleep difficulties. By asking specific questions about sleep medication use, nocturnal awakenings and sleep efficiency, health care providers can identify sleep problems that could be treated and potentially improve the quality of life of their patients.     

Cancer-related chronic pain: examining quality of life in diverse cancer survivors

BACKGROUND:

Disparities in cancer survival and pain rates negatively impact quality of life (QOL). This study examines cancer‐related chronic pain (CP) and its impact on QOL in diverse cancer survivors.

METHODS:

This survey study focused on current and past pain, health, and QOL in black and white cancer survivors. Participants with breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer and multiple myeloma were recruited through the Michigan State Cancer Registry. Analysis of variance was used to examine outcome differences by pain status, race, and sex. Hierarchical regressions explored predictors for experiencing pain.

RESULTS:

The subjects (N = 199) were 31% black, 49% female, and 57 to 79 years old; 19.5% experienced current pain, and 42.6% reported pain since diagnosis. Women experience more pain (P < .001) and greater pain severity (P = .04) than men. Blacks experienced more pain interference and disability (P < .05). Experiencing pain is related to greater depressive symptoms, poorer functioning, and more symptoms. In hierarchical regressions, female sex predicted pain since diagnosis; pain severity for pain since diagnosis was predicted by black race and female sex.

CONCLUSIONS:

The authors extend the literature by showing that 20% of diverse cancer survivors had cancer‐related CP, and 43% had experienced pain since diagnosis, revealing racial and sex disparities in cancer‐related CP's incidence and impact on QOL. Having pain was related to poorer QOL in several domains and was more frequently experienced by women. Although black race was not related to pain prevalence, it was related to greater severity. This study reveals an unaddressed cancer survivorship research, clinical, and policy issue. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.     

Physical activity level and quality of life in long term lung cancer survivors

PurposeLung cancer is associated with a multitude of challenges, and lung cancer survivors report significantly lower quality of life (QOL) than other cancer survivors.MethodsThis study aimed to examine the relationship between physical activity level and QOL in a large sample of long term lung cancer survivors (N = 1937). Average age at diagnosis was 65 years, 92% were Caucasian, and 51% male. Surveys were completed at lung cancer diagnosis and then average 4.2 years post-diagnosis.ResultsMost survivors reported having a sedentary lifestyle at both timepoints. However, 256 survivors reported a change in physical activity level from diagnosis to follow-up. Decreased physical activity (n = 140) was associated with decreased overall, mental, physical, emotional, social, and spiritual QOL (all ps < .001) and decreased symptom control as seen in reported pain, dry coughing, coughing with phlegm, shortness of breath, and level of fatigue (all ps < .05). In contrast, increased physical activity (n = 116) was associated with improved QOL (all ps < .05), and improved symptom control as seen in frequency and severity of pain (p < .01). For all participants, those engaging in regular physical activity (30 min or more per day, at least five days per week) reported significantly higher QOL scores (all ps < .001), and better symptom control than more sedentary survivors.ConclusionsResults indicate a significant association between change in physical activity and QOL and symptom control for long term lung cancer survivors, and research exploring interventions designed to improve activity level for lung cancer survivors is further warranted.     

Motivational readiness for physical activity and quality of life in long-term lung cancer survivors

Little is known about the relationship between motivational readiness for physical activity and quality of life (QOL) in long-term lung cancer survivors. Long-term survivors are considered those who are living 5 years or more following a cancer diagnosis. This project examined the relationship between a self-report measure of motivational readiness for physical activity and QOL in a sample of 272 long-term lung cancer survivors. Participants (54% male, average age 70 years old) completed the mailed survey an average of 6 years after being diagnosed with lung cancer. Survey measures included the stage of change for physical activity and a set of single item QOL and symptom scales. Thirty-seven percent of respondents reported they currently engaged in regular physical activity (a total of 30 min or more per day, at least 5 days per week). Kruskal-Wallis tests revealed that those who reported engaging in regular physical activity reported a better overall QOL, better QOL on all five domains of QOL functioning (mental, physical, social, emotional, and spiritual), and fewer symptoms compared to those with a sedentary lifestyle. Physical activity level may have important QOL and symptom management benefits for long-term lung cancer survivors.     

Health-related quality of life among early-stage, non-small cell, lung cancer survivors

Background

Limited data are available about the physical and mental functioning of individuals diagnosed and treated for early-stage lung cancer. To develop post-treatment guidelines and targeted resources for the growing number of lung cancer survivors, clinically relevant information about longer term health-related quality of life (HQOL) is needed. The current study examines lung cancer survivors’ HQOL and identifies associations between HQOL and demographic, disease and medical risk factors.

Methods

A total of 359 individuals diagnosed and surgically treated for stage IA or IB non-small cell lung cancer completed a post-treatment survey via mail or telephone that included the SF-36v2 as well as questions regarding demographic and medical factors. To better understand the impact of lung cancer treatment, we examined age- and gender-adjusted differences in HQOL as compared to a demographically matched sample of older adults, most with a significant smoking history, who participated in a lung cancer screening trial. Risk factors for impairments in HQOL were also identified.

Results

Compared to the screening sample, lung cancer survivors reported lower physical health scores, but did not differ in terms of mental health status. Dyspnea and distressed mood were most associated with HQOL impairments.

Conclusions

Early-stage lung cancer survivors are likely to experience mild impairment in physical functioning. They may benefit from management of distressed mood and referral to physical activity and pulmonary rehabilitation programs to promote HQOL outcomes.     

The impact of cancer and quality of life for long-term survivors

This study reports on health status and quality of life (QOL) outcomes in long‐term cancer survivors, and potential correlates including cancer type, age at diagnosis, health status, and key sociodemographic variables. Method: One hundred and ninety‐three cancer survivors 5–10 years post‐diagnosis completed a mailed survey assessing physical and mental health status, QOL, post‐traumatic growth, and impact of cancer (IOC). Results: Respondents were comparable to population norms on physical and mental health status. After controlling for sociodemographic and medical status variables, older respondents reported better overall QOL (p=0.004) and mental health (p<0.001), but worse physical health (p=0.04). Survivors reporting low income (p=0.02) and comorbidities (p=0.003) indicated worse physical functioning. A higher negative IOC score was associated with worse physical functioning (p<0.0001), worse mental health (p<0.0001), and lower overall QOL (p<0.0001). A higher positive IOC score was associated with better mental health (p=0.0004) and better overall QOL (p=0.005). Conclusion: Perceptions of how cancer has affected survivors' lives in both positive and negative ways may influence, or be influenced by, their functional abilities and QOL. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

护理干预对肺癌化疗患者疗效和生活质量的影响

目的探讨护理干预应用于肺癌化疗的临床疗效和对患者生活质量的影响。方法选取2013年8月至2015年8月间湖北省宜城市人民医院中医院收治的90例肺癌化疗患者,采用随机数字表法随机分为观察组和对照组,每组45例。观察组患者采用护理干预,对照组患者采用常规护理,观察和比较两组患者化疗期间焦虑、抑郁情绪、不良反应和护理后的生活质量。结果观察组患者护理后焦虑、抑郁评分较对照组均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者不良反应发生率较对照组均显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者护理后生活质量各维度和总分较对照组均明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论护理干预能够明显改善患者的负面情绪,降低化疗期间不良反应,提高生活质量。