稳定型心绞痛及急性冠脉综合征患者脑钠肽浓度的变化和意义

目的探讨冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病稳定型心绞痛(SAP)及急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者血浆脑钠肽(BNP)浓度的变化及其临床意义。方法采用荧光免疫抗原抗体结合方法测定22例冠脉造影正常、心功能正常者,15例SAP患者及64例ACS患者静脉血BNP浓度。结果ACS组血浆BNP浓度(397.57±472.12)高于SAP组(38.39±36.50)及对照组(22.15±19.90)(P<0.005,P<0.005);心梗(AMI)亚组BNP浓度(460.55±518.90)高于不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)亚组(208.62±203.18)(P<0.01)。SAP组和对照组BNP浓度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论ACS患者血浆BNP浓度明显升高,心梗较不稳定型心绞痛患者变化更为明显,说明心肌缺血是BNP释放的重要刺激因素。     

D-二聚体与冠心病病情及冠状动脉病变稳定性的相关研究

目的 :探讨血浆D 二聚体 (D dimer,DD)与冠心病(CHD)病情及冠状动脉病变稳定性的关系。方法 :对 1 1 0例观察对象按照冠状动脉造影病变形态学特征分为 :简单病变组 3 2例 ,复杂病变组 5 6例 ,正常对照组 2 2例。同时 ,根据临床CHD病情分为 :急性心肌梗死 (AMI)组 1 1例、不稳定型心绞痛 (UAP)组 49例 ,稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组 2 8例 ,正常对照组 2 2例。用酶免法 (ELASA)检测血浆DD含量 ,比较不同组间DD含量。结果 :血浆DD含量复杂病变组 [( 0 .499± 0 .2 1 4)mg/L]高于简单病变组 [( 0 .3 2 9± 0 .1 73 )mg/L]及正常对照组 [( 0 .3 1 9± 0 .1 2 6)mg/L],差异均有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1 )。AMI组 [( 0 .5 93± 0 .3 44 )mg/L]和UAP组 [( 0 .471± 0 .2 1 4)mg/L]明显高于SAP组 [( 0 .2 92±0 .1 0 1 )mg/L]及正常对照组 [( 0 .3 1 9± 0 .1 2 6)mg/L],差异均有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论 :血浆DD含量与冠状动脉病变稳定性及CHD病情严重性相关 ,DD是冠状动脉病变活动性的血液标志物。     

C反应蛋白在急性冠状动脉综合征中的意义

目的　探讨 C反应蛋白 ( CRP)在急性冠状动脉综合征 ( ACS)中的意义。方法　选自住院的病人 2 17例。分为 4组 :1急性心肌梗死 ( AMI)组 5 0例 ;2无 ST段抬高性心肌梗死 ( NSTEMI)组 45例 ;3不稳定型心绞痛 ( UA)组 82例 ;4稳定型心绞痛 ( SA)组40例。应用火箭电泳法测定各组 CRP值 ,分别进行比较。结果　AMI组 CRP浓度 ( 17.62± 8.43 ) mg/L和 NSTEMI组 ( 16.5 3±7.89) mg/L明显高于 UA组 ( 12 .87± 5 .76) mg/L和 SA组 ( 7.94± 3 .76) m g/L ,UA组 CRP浓度明显高于 SA组 ,而 AMI组与NSTEMI组无显著性差异。结论　炎症反应在 ACS的发生中起重要作用 ,CRP水平可作为 ACS严重程度的判断指标之一。     

阿托伐他汀对急性冠脉综合征患者血清高敏C反应蛋白和妊娠相关血浆蛋白-A水平的影响

目的探讨阿托伐他汀干预对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者血清高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和妊娠相关血浆蛋白-A(PAPP-A)水平的影响。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法测定不稳定型心绞痛患者(UAP,n=37)、急性心肌梗死患者(AMI,n=24)、稳定型心绞痛患者(SAP,n=29)和健康体检者(n=32)的hs-CRP和PAPP-A水平。同时将ACS患者(包括UAP和AMI组,n=61)随机分为常规治疗组(n=30)和阿托伐他汀干预组(阿托伐他汀10mg/d,n=31),并于治疗前后分别测定血清hs-CRP和PAPP-A水平。结果(1)hs-CRP和PAPP-A水平在UAP组[(16.7±1.24)mg/L,(63.88±1.82)μg/L]、AMI组[(18.52±1.96)mg/L,(66.41±1.24)μg/L]比SAP组[(4.6±1.16)mg/L,(47.56±0.72)μg/L]、正常对照组[(3.2±0.88)mg/L,(45.17±1.28)μg/L]显著升高(P<0.05)。(2)2周后,阿托伐他汀干预组血清hs-CRP和PAPP-A水平较治疗前明显降低[hs-CRP(18.52±2.37)mg/Lvs.(3.58±1.33)mg/L;PAPP-A(67.83±2.15)μg/Lvs.(45.62±1.58)μg/L,P<0.05],且较常规治疗组治疗2周后亦有显著降低[hs-CRP(3.58±1.33)mg/Lvs.(5.23±1.98)mg/L;PAPP-A(45.62±1.58)μg/Lvs.(51.35±2.15)μg/L,P<0.05]。结论阿托伐他汀干预可以减少急性冠脉综合征患者动脉粥样硬化斑块的炎症反应,具有稳定斑块的作用。     

C-反应蛋白是急性冠脉综合征的一种危险因子

目的　研究急性冠脉综合征 (包括不稳定性心绞痛、急性心肌梗死和心源性猝死 )患者血清C 反应蛋白(CRP)浓度水平并与对照组 (即非急性冠脉综合征 ,包括稳定性心绞痛、陈旧性心肌梗死和正常体检人群 )比较 ,探讨CRP是否为急性冠脉综合征的一种危险因子。方法　用速率散射比浊法测定急性冠脉综合征患者和对照组血清CRP浓度 ,同时检测冠心病的常见危险因子并与CRP一起作Lo gistic回归分析。结果　①急性冠脉综合征患者血清CRP浓度 [18 5 0mg/L± 2 3 98mg/L (SE 2 5 1,n =91) ]显著高于对照组 [3 89mg/L± 7 14mg/L (SE 0 5 1,n =194 ) ](P <0 0 1)。②急性心肌梗死急性期患者CRP浓度 (18 6 5mg/L± 2 4 12mg/L)和不稳定性心绞痛CRP浓度 (17 95mg/L±2 4 10mg/L)显著高于正常对照组 (P <0 0 1)、稳定性心绞痛CRP浓度 (3 94± 7 5 0mg/L) (P <0 0 1)、急性心肌梗死患者恢复期 (5 93mg/L± 13 0 7mg/L) (P <0 0 1)和陈旧性心肌梗死患者 (4 5 7mg/L± 8 2 7mg/L) (P <0 0 1) ;稳定性心绞痛患者、急性心肌梗死患者恢复期和陈旧性心肌梗死患者之间CRP浓度无差别 (P >0 0 5 )并与正常人群比较无显著性差别 (P >0 0 5 )。③每增加CRP 5mg/L ,急性冠脉综合征发生危险增加到近 2倍 (用Logistic回归 ,OR     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者血浆中妊娠相关蛋白酶-A及C反应蛋白的变化

目的　研究急性冠状动脉综合征 (ACS)患者血浆中妊娠相关蛋白酶 - A(PAPP- A)和超敏 C反应蛋白 (hs-CRP)的变化及两者之间关系。方法　 6 8例经冠状动脉造影证实的冠心病患者 ,其中 ACS4 3例 ,稳定型心绞痛(SAP) 2 5例 ,2 0例正常健康人为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附法 (EL ISA)检测其血浆中 PAPP- A,采用超敏免疫透射比浊法测定血浆 hs- CRP水平。结果　 1ACS患者血浆中 PAPP- A和 hs- CRP浓度均显著高于对照组 [PAPP- A :(17.9± 8.7) m IU / L vs (7.1± 4 .2 ) m IU / L ,P<0 .0 1;hs- CRP:(4.31± 0 .38) mg/ L vs (2 .0 1± 0 .14 ) mg/ L ,P<0 .0 1]。 2 ACS患者血浆中 PAPP- A和 hs- CRP均较 SAP组显著增高 [PAPP- A:(17.9± 8.7) m IU / L vs (8.5±5 .6 ) m IU/ L,P<0 .0 1;hs- CRP:(4.31± 0 .38) m g/ L vs(2 .13± 0 .2 8) mg/ L,P<0 .0 5 ]。 3SAP患者与正常对照组之间 PAPP- A与 hs- CRP均无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。 4直线相关分析发现 hs- CRP与 PAPP- A之间有显著性相关 (r=0 .6 8,P<0 .0 1)。结论　 PAPP- A与 hs- CRP在 ACS患者血浆中均显著增高 ,可作为 ACS患者的诊断敏感性指标之一 ,且 hs- CRP与 PAPP- A之间存在显著相关性。     

急性冠脉综合征患者外周血MCP-1和IL-18水平变化的临床意义

目的探讨急性冠脉综合征患者外周血单核/巨噬细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)和白细胞介素18(IL-18)水平变化的意义及其相关性。方法酶联免疫吸附法测定30例急性冠脉综合征患者(急性冠脉综合征组),30例稳定型心绞痛患者(稳定型心绞痛组)及29例胸痛、胸闷等症状予以冠脉造影正常的患者(对照组)外周血MCP-1和IL-18水平的变化,并分析冠状动脉的病变情况。结果①急性冠脉综合征组MCP-1水平[(151.84±29.66)pg/ml]显著高于稳定型心绞痛组[(128.49±16.97)pg/ml,P<0.001]和对照组[(112.11±10.36)pg/ml,P<0.01],并且稳定型心绞痛组和对照组比较有统计学意义(0.0010.05)。④急性冠脉综合征组外周血MCP-1和IL-18呈明显正相关(r=0.519,P<0.01)。结论外周血MCP-1和IL-18水平可以判断冠心病的严重程度,能预测急性冠脉综合征发生的危险性,但与冠状动脉的病变程度无明显关系,MCP-1和IL-18的正相关提示因子间相互作用可能共同促进冠脉综合征的发生和发展。     

同型半胱氨酸与急性冠状动脉综合征相关性研究

目的:探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸与急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)发作期和自身缓解期的相关性。方法:对64例ACS患者的发作期和自身缓解期及64例对照组分别测定血浆同型半胱氨酸浓度并进行比较,同时测定C-反应蛋白对照观察。结果:ACS发作期血浆同型半胱氨酸水平[(26.72±3.2)μmol/L]显著高于对照组[(8.94±2.1)μmol/L]和自身缓解期[(17.88±2.8)μmol/L],均P<0.01。血浆C-反应蛋白在ACS发作期[(14.54±3.1)mg/L]与对照组[(4.36±1.8)mg/L]比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。与自身缓解期[(13.72±5.3)mg/L]比较,则(P>0.05)。结论:ACS患者发作期血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与ACS的发生有关,是动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定的标志;C-反应蛋白对动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定性的预测比同型半胱氨酸差。     

血浆C反应蛋白与不稳定型心绞痛危险度分级关系的探讨

目的 :探讨血浆C反应蛋白 (CRP)对不稳定型心绞痛 (UA)危险分层的临床价值。方法 :①测定 112例UA、38例稳定型心绞痛 (SA)及 35例正常对照者的血浆CRP含量 ;②根据Braunwald分级标准将 112例UA按危险度高低分为BraunwaldⅠ级、BraunwaldⅡ级和BraunwaldⅢ级 ,分别比较各级的CRP浓度 ,观察各级在住院期间的恶性室性心律失常、急性心脏病事件 (包括急性心肌梗死、心力衰竭及心源性猝死等 )的发生率。结果 :①UA组的血浆CRP明显高于SA组及对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;②BraunwaldⅠ级、BraunwaldⅡ级和BraunwaldⅢ级的CRP浓度分别为 (5 .2 2± 0 .6 7)mg /L、(6 .0 8± 0 .94 )mg/L及 (6 .95± 1.0 2 )mg/L ,两两比较差异均有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;住院期间恶性室性心律失常及各种心脏病事件的发生率依次递增。结论 :UA患者CRP水平明显升高 ,而且随着危险度分级的增加 ,CRP含量依次增加 ;血浆CRP水平可作为UA患者危险分层的一项参考指标。     

冠心病患者血小板CD31及血浆纤维蛋白原表达水平的测定及其意义

目的检测冠心病(CHD)患者血小板内皮细胞黏附分子1(CD31)及血浆纤维蛋白原(FIB)水平,分析其与CHD严重程度的相关性并探讨其临床意义。方法入选研究对象97例,分为稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组(21例),急性冠脉综合征(ACS)组(43例)和正常对照组(33例)。采用流式细胞术检测血小板CD31,凝固法测定血浆FIB的表达水平。结果 ACS组血小板表面活性标志物CD31[(93.85±14.84)%],血浆FIB水平[(3.66±0.91)g/L]均明显高于对照组[(78.69±27.09)%,(3.06±0.62)g/L]和SAP组[(82.80±28.00)%,(3.14±0.56)g/L(均为P<0.05)];而对照组与SAP组CD31、FIB表达水平差异无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。相关分析显示CD31与FIB呈显著正相关(r=0.337,P<0.01)。结论检测CHD患者CD31、FIB水平,能较好地反映CHD严重程度,对临床有重要的应用价值。     

Improved long-term prognosis for patients with unstable coronary syndromes 1988-1995.

AIMS: A more aggressive approach to unstable coronary syndromes has developed over the last decade. We set out to examine the long-term outcome among patients with acute coronary syndromes with respect to period of admission since 1988. METHODS: 3918 patients with unstable angina or a non-Q wave myocardial infarction who were admitted to the coronary care unit at Ostra Hospital in the period 1988-1997 were included. Standardized criteria were used to define a non-Q wave myocardial infarction and included fulfilment of the following: (1) typical enzyme changes (serial serum aspartate aminotransferase above 0.7 microkat x l(-1), serial creatine kinase above 3.3 microkat x l(-1) or serial creatine kinaseMB subunit mass concentration above 15 microg x l(-1)), and at least one of the following: (2) chest pain, shock, syncope or pulmonary oedema suggestive of a myocardial infarction, (3) development of electrocardiographic changes with serial ST-T changes without Q waves. The standardized criteria for unstable angina pectoris were fulfilment of at least one of the following: (1) a clear worsening of a previous stable pattern of angina pectoris, (2) chest pain at rest or minimal effort with transient ST-segment elevation or depression on electrocardiogram or elevation of cardiac enzymes not reaching the criteria for myocardial infarction. Information on vital status and cause of death after discharge was collected from the national cause-specific mortality register. RESULTS: Two-year mortality decreased from 30% in 1988 to 19% in 1995 (relative risk per year 0.94 (0.90-0.97), 95% confidence interval). The improvement was consistent regardless of differences in age, prior myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, development of non-Q wave myocardial infarction, treatment with heparin or thrombolytics or performance of acute coronary angiograms. The cumulative survival at 10 years was 53% in the unstable angina group and 36% in the non-Q wave myocardial infarction group (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Against a background of a more aggressive approach to acute coronary syndromes a decrease in long-term mortality is seen between 1988 and 1995.     

冠心病病变程度与血清胆红素的关系

目的探讨不同程度冠心病血清胆红素浓度的变化及意义.方法收集冠心病患者60例及健康对照组30例,测定血清总胆红素、直接胆红素、间接胆红素、HDL-C及LDL-C水平。结果冠心病组较对照组胆红素水平明显低,且随着病情程度的加重,血清胆红素水平也下降(P<0.05或P<0.01)。相关分析结果显示,血清胆红素与血浆HDL-C呈正相关,与LDL-C呈负相关。结论血清胆红素水平与冠心病严重程度密切相关,低胆红素水平对脂质代谢产生不利影响.     

长期心肌缺血对急性心肌梗塞预后的影响

目的 :探讨长期心肌缺血对急性心肌梗塞 (AMI)临床表现与近期预后的影响。方法 :　回顾性分析了 5 96例心绞痛 (AP)病程≥ 2周的 AMI的临床资料 ,并与无 AP史或 AP<2周的患者比较。结果 :　 AP组合并休克、心衰者少于对照组 (分别为 10 .9%比 15 .8%和 19.8%比 2 5 .0 % ,均 P<0 .0 5 ) ,住院病死率也较低 (11.4%比 15 .7% ,P<0 .0 5 ) ,AP组梗塞前正规治疗者多于对照组 (5 8.4%比 2 9.1% ,P<0 .0 0 1) ,患高血压者也较多(5 3.1%比 41.2 % ,P<0 .0 0 1) ,但大面积梗塞较少 ,肌酸激酶峰值较低。结论 :　长期心肌缺血可能也有缺血预适应作用 ,有益于 AMI的近期预后     

Acute compartment syndrome of the forearm that occurred after transradial intervention and was not caused by bleeding or hematoma formation

Recently, transradial angiography and intervention have been performed with high success rates and low rates of vascular complications. The incidence of compartment syndrome after the transradial approach seems to be very low. However, bleeding in the arm can occur and may lead to the devastating complication of compartment syndrome of the forearm, which if not treated early, can evolve into a disability of the arm. In fact, most cases of such complications are caused by guidewire‐ or catheter‐induced damage to small arterial branches that are considerably proximal to the puncture site. However, we encountered a case of compartment syndrome that was not caused by bleeding or hematoma formation and required urgent fasciotomy for its treatment. The forearm wounds were left open to allow the edema to resolve and closed after 1 week. The patient recovered and was discharged, with full movement of his forearm and hand. We suspect that an arterial spasm induced by the radial sheath or catheter resulted in ischemia of the forearm muscles. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case in which acute compartment syndrome of the forearm occurred after transradial intervention and was not due to bleeding or hematoma formation. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

IL-6 and IL-1 receptor antagonist in stable angina pectoris and relation of IL-6 to clinical findings in acute myocardial infarction

OBJECTIVES: To determine if increased inflammatory activity, as reflected by interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) levels, is present in patients with stable angina pectoris and if IL-6 levels on admission to the coronary care unit in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are related to heart failure and fever response. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We studied 28 patients with stable angina pectoris enrolled for coronary angiography, and compared them with sex- and age-matched controls. Thirty-four patients with AMI were studied and samples for determination of IL-6 levels were taken on admission within 36 h of onset of symptoms. IL-6 and IL-1ra were determined in serum by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: Levels of IL-6 and IL-1ra were higher in patients with stable angina pectoris than in controls (mean 4.6 +/- 3.6 vs. 3.0 +/- 2.9 ng L-1, P < 0.03, and 774 +/- 509 vs. 490 +/- 511 ng L-1, P < 0.01, respectively). IL-6 and IL-1ra levels were not related to angiographic findings. IL-6 levels were high in patients with AMI (38.9 +/- 75.6 ng L-1). Patients with prolonged fever (duration > 4 days) had higher IL-6 levels (94.7 +/- 138.2 vs. 21.7 +/- 29.7 ng L-1, P < 0.05). IL-6 levels were not related to heart failure. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that increased inflammatory activity is present not only in acute coronary syndromes, but also in a chronic form of ischaemic heart disease, giving further evidence for a central role of inflammatory processes in coronary artery disease. With regard to AMI, we found increased inflammatory activity in patients with prolonged fever.     

梗塞前心绞痛对急性心肌梗塞患者的有益作用

43例首次穿壁性急性心肌梗塞(AMI)患者于静脉内溶栓后90min行冠状动脉造影.其中24例AMI前6h内有心绞痛(甲组),另19例梗塞前无心绞痛(乙组).尽管两组多支冠状动脉病变及侧支循环发生率相似.但甲组异常Q波导联数、QRS积分、CPK峰值及CPK峰值距发病时间显著低于乙组.而梗塞相关冠状动脉再通率显著高于乙组.22例IRA开通患者中,有心绞痛者其基础左心室功能较无心绞痛者好.出院前超声心动图检查显示,甲组左心室局部和整体收缩功能、舒张充盈明显改善,而乙组收缩功能降低、舒张充盈无明显变化.住院期心脏事件发生率甲组显著低于乙组.本文提示,梗塞前心绞痛可能由于早期心肌再灌注和缺血预适应对梗塞大小、左心室功能及预后具有益作用.     

多层螺旋CT评价急性冠状动脉综合征及稳定性心绞痛患者斑块特征的作用

目的利用多层螺旋CT评价急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)及稳定性心绞痛(SAP)患者冠状动脉病变的差异。方法连续性入选诊断为ACS及SAP、并于介入治疗前72h内行多层螺旋CT检查的患者45例,将诊断为ACS的31例作为ACS组,诊断为SAP的14例作为SAP组,将ACS组的病变分为罪犯病变和非罪犯病变,SAP组的病变定义为稳定病变;比较冠状动脉病变性质。结果 2组共有60处病变,ACS组40处,SAP组20处;ACS组罪犯病变非钙化斑块和脂质斑块比例明显高于同组非罪犯病变及SAP组的稳定病变(96.8%vs 55.6%vs 20.0%,83.3%vs 40.0%vs 25.0%,P<0.01);ACS组罪犯病变的血管截面积、斑块面积、重构指数、斑块的偏心指数明显高于同组的非罪犯病变及SAP组的稳定病变(P<0.05)。结论多层螺旋CT作为无创的影像学工具,可识别ACS与SAP患者冠状动脉斑块病变的差异。     

心绞痛与急性心肌梗死的心率功率谱分析

研究３１名心绞痛和３１名急性心肌梗死患者７２名正常人的心率功率谱。结果发现心绞冯痛组心率变异性下降；急性心肌梗死心绞痛组心率功率变在极低频段和高频段分别下降４８．２％和６５．１％。说明急性心肌梗死组交感神经和迷走神经功能进一步受损，尤以迷走神经功能受损为著。