老年上消化道出血80例临床分析

目的探讨老年人上消化道出血的病因及临床特点。方法回顾性分析我院收治的155例上消化道出血患者临床资料,根据患者年龄将患者分为老年组（80例）和非老年组（75例）,比较两组之间的病因、合并症及预后等。结果老年组上消化道出血病因依次为消化性溃疡、急性胃黏膜病变、上消化道肿瘤及食管胃底静脉曲张破裂。老年组以胃溃疡为主占28.8%,而非老年组为13.8%,非老年组以十二指肠球部溃疡为主,占50.7%,老年组为18.8%,两组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;老年组合并症、再出血率及病死率均明显高于非老年组（P〈0.05）。结论老年人上消化道出血以消化性溃疡最为多见,伴发病多、预后差,应加强对老年上消化道出血的防治,以获得良好预后。     

426例上消化道出血的病因分析

目的:探讨我院近4年来上消化道出血(UGIB)的病因构成及相关因素分析。方法 :收集2013—2016年间我院收治的426例UGIB住院患者的临床资料,按年龄分为青年组、中年组和老年组,对病因及相关因素进行回顾性分析。结果:(1)平均年龄(54.1±17.1)岁,男女比例2.98∶1。青年组、中年组、老年组占比依次为24.9%、31.7%、43.4%。(2)消化性溃疡、食管胃底静脉曲张、急性胃黏膜病变为住院患者UGIB常见病因,分别占67.4%、21.4%、3.8%,2015—2016年较2013—2014年食管胃底静脉曲张占比下降,急性胃黏膜病变占比上升(均P0.05)。(3)胃溃疡以中老年为主(84.3%),十二指肠溃疡以青年组居多(43.6%)(P0.01)。食管胃底静脉曲张以中老年为主(94.5%)(P0.01),急性胃黏膜病变、胃癌以老年人为多见(81.3%、80.0%)(P0.01)。(4)消化性溃疡患者中幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染137例(48.6%),39例(13.8%)长期口服非甾体类消炎药(NSAIDs)、抗凝剂、糖皮质激素类药物,Hp感染并NSAIDs服用者7例(2.5%)。食管胃底静脉曲张病因以肝硬化为主(98.9%),其中乙型肝炎(乙肝)后肝硬化占40.0%,主要以中年患者多见(66.7%)(P0.01)。急性胃黏膜病变患者中有口服NSAIDs及糖皮质激素类药物者6例(37.5%)。门脉高压性胃病患者病因也以乙肝后肝硬化为主(75.0%)。结论:UGIB以消化性溃疡为首要病因,近2年来静脉曲张总占比下降,急性胃黏膜病变占比上升。肝硬化、Hp感染、NSAIDs、抗凝剂、激素类药物的使用为UGIB主要因素。     

老年人上消化道出血临床特征及病因分析

目的分析老年人上消化道出血的临床特征、病因及预后。方法回顾性分析2010年10月-2012年10月我院消化科上消化道出血病例246例,分为两组:老年组87例、非老年组159例,对比两组在临床症状、失血严重程度、并存疾病、病因及预后的差异。结果老年组与非老年组呕血或黑便的发生率无明显差异(P>0.05)。老年组收缩压均值高于非老年组,脉搏与休克指数均值低于后者,并存疾病率较后者高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。老年人上消化道出血的前五位病因依次为消化性溃疡(31例,35.6%)、食管胃底静脉曲张(20例,23.0%)、急性胃黏膜病变(17例,19.5%)、胃癌(13例,14.9%)、食管贲门黏膜撕裂综合征(2例,2.3%)。Blatchford评分老年组64例(73.6%)为中高危,与非老年组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论老年组呕血或黑便的发生率与非老年组相近,失血严重程度低于非老年组,并存疾病率高于非老年组。消化性溃疡、食管胃底静脉曲张、急性胃黏膜病变、胃癌、食管贲门黏膜撕裂综合征为老年人前五位的上消化道出血病因。两组预后评估均较差。     

上消化道出血210例临床分析

目的 探讨上消化道出血的临床特征及发病特点.方法 将2008年6月～2010年1月210例上消化道出血病例分为老年组及非老年组进行回顾性分析.结果 非老年组患者出血原因主要包括消化性溃疡、急性糜烂性出血性胃病、食管冒底静脉曲张破裂等;而老年组患者出血原因主要包括急性糜烂出血性胃病、食管胃底静脉曲张破裂、胃癌等.非老年组...     

住院患者消化道出血的病因分布与临床分析

目的统计分析消化道出血的病因与相关因素,分析消化内镜在消化道出血患者中的应用,并比较上消化道出血患者和下消化道出血患者的临床差异。方法对宜昌市中心人民医院消化内科2012年1月-2012年12月所有434例消化道出血住院患者进行回顾性分析。结果消化道出血占消化科所有住院患者的17.5%,消化性溃疡、食管胃底静脉曲张、急性胃黏膜病变和结肠癌为消化道出血的主要原因。上消化道出血以消化性溃疡、食管胃底静脉曲张、急性胃黏膜病变、胃癌居多,下消化道出血主要为结肠癌、结肠息肉、炎症性肠病及慢性结肠炎。内镜对消化道出血患者的诊断阳性率高(83.4%),内镜下介入治疗患者较未接受内镜介入治疗患者有更高的治愈率(91.0%vs 65.5%,P0.05)和更少的住院时间[(8.2±4.3)d vs(12.8±6.1)d,P0.05]。结论消化性溃疡、食管胃底静脉曲张、急性胃黏膜病变、结肠癌为消化道出血最常见的病因,内镜检查可明显提高诊断率,内镜介入治疗可提高治疗成功率。     

老年人上消化道出血的临床特点观察

目的总结老年人上消化道出血的临床特点.方法通过对1990－01／1997-11间收治的60岁以上的上消化道出血患者107例（平均年龄68岁，男85例，女22例）与同期住院的中青年患者110例（平均年龄42岁，男79例，女31例）进行比较，探讨其临床特点结果①病因：依发病率高低排序，老年组为消化性溃疡45．8％，胃癌28．0％，急性胃粘膜损害11．2％中青年组为消化性溃疡71．8％，食管胃底静脉曲张破裂15．5％，急性胃粘膜损害9．1％；②特征：老年组出血总量＞1000mL者所占比例、再出血率、死亡率分别为38．30，29．9％，14．0％．而中青年组分别为18．2％，5．4％，1．8％；③并发症：老年组上消化道出血后并发症发生率为35．5％，中青年组为6．4％以上对比x2检验P值＜0．01结论①老年人上消化道出血的病因依发病率高低顺序为消化性溃疡、胃癌、急性胃粘膜损害；②患者出血量大，再出血率、死亡率高；③并发症发生率高.     

上消化道出血病因趋势及相关因素分析

目的探讨近10年来上消化道出血（upper gastrointestinal bleeding，UGB）的病因构成、发病趋势及与几个相关因素的关系。方法对1995～2004年期间在我院行胃镜检查并明确病因的l909例上消化道出血病人的临床资料进行统计分析。结果①上消化道出血主要病因依次为十二指肠球部溃疡、食管胃底静脉曲张、胃溃疡、出血性胃炎、胃癌、复合性溃疡。其中十二指肠球部溃疡的发病呈上升趋势，胃癌所致出血则有下降趋势。②发生上消化道出血以中年组最多，其次是青年组，老年组最少，且青年人发病呈上升趋势。③上消化道出血男性病人明显多于女性病人。④上消化道出血及常见病因的发病多见于春秋冬季，夏季最少，但无统计学意义。结论十二指肠球部溃疡是上消化道出血最主要病因，且有上升趋势，其次是食管胃底静脉曲张、胃溃疡，而胃癌的发病构成有下降。上消化道出血的分布与年代变化、年龄、性别、季节等因素相关。     

上消化道出血358例急诊胃镜分析

目的 了解上消化道出血的病因及急诊胃镜检查在上消化道出血的临床应用价值.方法 358例上消化道出血患者来诊后或入院后立即进行胃镜检查,对生命体征不稳定及高龄患者建立静脉通道、补液、制酸、止血、输血、多功能心电监护,血压恢复后即行胃镜检查,用Forrest分类法作为判断出血依据.结果 358例患者中消化性溃疡232例(65.0%),急性胃黏膜病变50例(14.0%),胃癌31例(8.6%),食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血27例(7.5%),Dieulafoy病7例(1.9%),Mallory-Weiss综合征4例(1.2%),7例未找出明确的出血灶.无一例病情加重或死亡.结论 上消化道出血常见病因为消化性溃疡、急性胃黏膜病变、胃癌、食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血,Dieulafoy病,急诊胃镜检查可提高诊断阳性率,且安全.     

消化道出血的病因分析

目的分析消化道出血的原因,更好地指导临床诊治。方法分析127例消化道出血患者的病例资料,对其病因进行分析总结。结果 78例(61.4%)位于上消化道;49例(38.6%)位于下消化道;上消化道出血的最常见原因是消化性溃疡,占48.7%,其次是急性胃黏膜病变(16.7%)和食管胃底静脉曲张破裂(12.8%);下消化道出血的主要原因是肿瘤和炎症性病变,分别占55.1%和16.3%。结论消化道出血的部位以上消化道多见,上消化道出血原因以消化性溃疡占首位,而下消化道出血则以肿瘤多见。     

102例老年人急性上消化道出血病因分析

目的探讨老年人上消化道出血的病因。方法回顾性总结102例老年人急性上消化道出血的病因,与同期住院非老年人上消化道出血患者150例就出血病因进行对比分析。结果老年组患者胃溃疡33例,占32.4%,十二指肠球部溃疡21例,占20.5%;急性胃黏膜病变32例,占31.4%;食管癌及胃癌11例,占10.8%;食管静脉曲张2例,占2.0%;原因不明3例,占2.9%。非老年组患者胃溃疡38例,占25.3%;十二指肠球部溃疡67例,占44.6%;急性胃黏膜病变25例,占16.7%;食管静脉曲张12例,占8.0%;食管癌及胃癌5例,占3.3%;食管贲门黏膜撕裂症2例,占1.3%;胃息肉1例,占0.7%。结论老年人上消化道出血主要病因为消化性溃疡、胃黏膜糜烂、肿瘤。     

Comparison of stool immunoassay with standard methods for detection of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with upper-gastrointestinal bleeding of peptic origin

OBJECTIVE: To assess the accuracy of the determination of Helicobacter pylori infection by a stool immunoassay in patients with upper-gastrointestinal bleeding (UGB) of peptic origin, in comparison with the routine histological study, serology, rapid urease and 13C-breath tests. METHODS: Sixty-eight patients with endoscopically proven UGB of peptic origin were included. The presence of H. pylori was considered when observed on histology or, if negative, by the positive indications of two of the remaining tests (serology, rapid urease,13C-breath test). The accuracy of stool immunoassay was estimated according to results obtained with other diagnostic methods. RESULTS: Lesions causing gastrointestinal bleeding were 49 duodenal ulcers, 11 gastric ulcers, six pyloric channel ulcers, 13 acute lesions of the gastric mucosa, and 16 erosive duodenitis. H. pylori infection was present in 59 (86.76%) patients. Forty-one patients had received nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic methods were 47.5% and 100% for the rapid urease test, 93% and 87.5% for the breath test, 86.4% and 77.7% for serology, 89.4% and 100% for histology, and 96.6% and 33.3% for the stool test. CONCLUSIONS: The detection of H. pylori antigen in stools in patients with UGB of peptic origin has a good sensitivity (96.6%) but a low specificity (33.3%) for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection, which probably makes this test an inadequate tool in this setting if utilized alone.     

Rapid urease test is less sensitive than histology in diagnosing Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The validity of the rapid urease (CLO) test to diagnose Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with bleeding ulcers has been questioned. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the validity of the CLO test in comparison with histology in diagnosing H. pylori infection in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGB), irrespective of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use. METHODS: Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed within 24 h of admission for all patients with UGB admitted to the Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School, Athens, for a period of 12 months. Patients with variceal bleeding, previous gastric operation, recent treatment with proton pump inhibitors (< 2 months) and those with a history of H. pylori eradication therapy were excluded from the study. At least four biopsies (two from the antrum and two from the body) were obtained for the CLO test and histology (modified Giemsa). RESULTS: Seventy-two consecutive patients (aged 18-90 years, 51 men, 21 women) were included. Forty-six patients (64%) used NSAID. Thirty-two patients (44%) were found to be positive for H. pylori infection by the CLO test, while 44 patients (61%) were found to be positive on histology (P<0.045, 95% CI, 0.004-0.331). The sensitivity and specificity of the CLO test were 68 and 93% respectively; positive and negative predictive values were 94 and 65%, respectively. The age of the patient and visible blood in the stomach did not influence results of either the CLO or histology. CONCLUSIONS: The CLO test, performed within 24 h of hospital admission in patients with UGB, irrespective of NSAID use, is unreliable for the detection of H. pylori infection. The age of the patient and the presence of blood in the stomach do not seem to influence these results.     

门静脉海绵样变性病因及治疗

目的 探讨门静脉海绵样变性的病因和治疗。方法 对28例门静脉海绵样变性住院患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 2B例患者中15例（占53．6％）病因比较明确，13例（占46．4％）未发现明确病因；28例患者中20例有出血史，其中15例行内镜下套扎、硬化剂或组织胶注射治疗，随访4～96月，食管胃底静脉曲张基本消失，1例因食管溃疡再发出血，1例出现食管狭窄。结论 门静脉海绵样变性的病因为多因素；对有消化道出血的患者内镜下治疗可以起到急诊止血和预防再出血的作用。     

老年人上消化道出血的病因构成及相关因素研究

[目的]探讨老年人上消化道出血的病因构成及其相关因素。[方法]选取2011年2月~2013年6月间因上消化道出血到我院就诊的250例老年上消化道出血患者,对其发病原因进行统计分析,并研究病因与诱因的相关性。[结果]250例老年急性上消化道出血患者的主病因依次为：出血性胃炎（32％）、胃（24％）及十二指肠溃疡（28％）、胃肿瘤（10％）等,男性患者发病的比例明显高于女性患者（P〈O．05）;不同病因间的诱因构成不同,出血性胃炎主由酗酒（33％）引起;而胃溃疡的主诱因为饮食不当（38．1％）和长期服用药物（22％）;此外,老年上消化道出血患者中服用非甾体类抗炎药物的患者比例高达40．4％。[结论]老年患者急性上消化道出血病因主包括出血性胃炎、胃及十二指肠溃疡等,常见诱因的相关因素包括酗酒、饮食不当、药物影响等,在诊疗过程中应尽早明确病因,并针对不同病因制订不同治疗方案,才能取得患者较好的疗效及预后。     

Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in operated stomach： Outcome of 105 cases

AIM: To compare the causes and clinical outcome of patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGB) and a history of gastric surgery to those with AUGB but without a history of gastric surgery in the past.METHODS: The causes and clinical outcome were compared between 105 patients with AUGB and a history of gastric surgery, and 608 patients with AUGB but without a history of gastric surgery.RESULTS: Patients who underwent gastric surgery in the past were older (mean age: 68.1±11.7 years vs 62.8±17.8 years, P= 0.001), and the most common cause of bleeding was marginal ulcer in 63 patients (60%). No identifiable source of bleeding could be found in 22 patients (20.9%) compared to 42/608 (6.9%) in patients without a history of gastric surgery (P = 0.003). Endoscopic hemostasis was permanently successful in 26 out of 35 patients (74.3%) with peptic ulcers and active bleeding or non-bleeding visible vessel. Nine patients (8.6%) were operated due to continuing or recurrent bleeding,compared to 23/608 (3.8%) in the group of patients without gastric surgery in the past (P= 0.028). Especially in peptic ulcer bleeding patients, emergency surgery was more common in the group of patients with gastric surgery in the past [9/73 (12.3%) vs 19/360 (5.3%), P = 0.025].Moreover surgically treated patients in the past required more blood transfusion (3.3±4.0 vs 1.5±1.7, P = 0.0001) and longer hospitalization time (8.6±4.0 vs 6.9±4.9 d,P = 0.001) than patients without a history of gastric surgery. Mortality was not different between the two groups [4/105 (3.8%) vs 19/608 (3.1%)].CONCLUSION: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding seems to be more severe in surgically treated patients than in non-operated patients.     

Lower digestive hemorrhage. Its etiology and the diagnostic efficacy of different explorations. A study of 2646 patients]

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGB) is more frequent than upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGB) with a better course and a more difficult diagnosis. We reviewed retrospectively 8544 cases from patients who were admitted at the Coloproctology Unit of Hospital de la Princesa. Those with the diagnosis of LGB with visible blood in stools (2646-31%) were outpatients, with a mean age of 43 years (range 9-91). Males represented 56.4% and females 43.6. All of them underwent at least sigmoidoscopic examination. The more frequent disorder was hemorrhoids (48.5%) and the bleeding source was found in the anus in 61%. Most of lesions (86%) could be reached with the short colonoscope and 92.7% of the bleeding sources were found with total colonoscopy. In 7.3% colonoscopy was not diagnostic and fiber gastroscopy identified the bleeding spot in 1.5% of the total. Barium studies were diagnostic in 0.5%, arteriography in 0.25% and radionuclide bleeding scan in 0.1%. Finally in 130 patients the bleeding source could not be found. We conclude that most of hemorrhagic lesions occur in the descending colon and that total colonoscopy can localize more than 92%. When total colonoscopy fails only 33% of the lesions can be found (2.35% from total) and 19% (1.5% from the total number) with UGB are identified with the fiber gastroscopic examination.     

Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: differences in outcome for patients admitted to internal medicine and gastroenterological services

OBJECTIVE: It has been suggested that admission to a gastroenterology service (GAS) is associated with a better prognosis and lower cost for treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, such as upper GI bleeding (UGB). However, a large potential bias by higher comorbidity on internal medicine services (MED) could not be excluded from these studies. We therefore compared patients with upper GI bleeding admitted to a gastroenterology or internal medicine department, with special emphasis on prognostic factors, such as comorbidity, and outcome. METHODS: Between 1991 and 1995, 322 patients were admitted to our hospital for UGB. Forty-five patients had variceal and 277 patients had nonvariceal upper GI bleeding (NUGB). Of 232 patients with primary NUGB, 125 were admitted to GAS and 93 to MED. The charts of these patients were revised, comorbidity was carefully recorded, and the Rockall risk score was calculated. All deaths were individually classified as unavoidable, mostly due to severe underlying illness, or potentially avoidable. RESULTS: No differences in delay for endoscopy or treatment were observed between GAS and MED. The rebleeding, surgery, and mortality rates in GAS and MED patients were 11.6% versus 11.5% (NS), 7.8% versus 7.3% (NS), and 2.4% versus 10.8% (p = 0.02), respectively. Rockall scores differed between GAS and MED patients (3.1 +/- 1.8 vs 3.7 +/- 1.7, p = 0.02). The mortality rate stratified by Rockall score was lower for the GAS patients. However, individual analysis revealed that only three of 13 deaths were potentially avoidable: two of 10 at the MED and one of three at the GAS. CONCLUSION: The lower mortality among nonvariceal upper GI bleeding patients admitted to a gastroenterological service compared to an internal medicine service was mainly due to lesser comorbidity. This effect was not detected by stratification according to Rockall, but shown with analysis of individual patient charts only. The latter underscores the potential pitfalls when comparing outcome or cost of treatment between different medical services.     

老年人上消化道出血154例临床分析

目的探讨老年人上消化道出血的临床特点。方法回顾性分析我院2003年1月～2007年12月间收治的154例以上消化道出血为主要表现的老年病人的临床特点,并与同期中青年病例比较。结果与中青年人相比,老年人上消化道出血存在明显诱因者较少见（39．6％）,出血方式表现为呕血者较少见（21．6％）,其伴随疾病（49．4％）和并发症（21.4％）较多,再出血率（16．9％）和死亡率（11．7％）较高。出血病因中,老年人以胃溃疡最多见（27．9％）,其次为十二指肠溃疡（18．8％）及胃癌（18．2％）;而中青人以十二指肠溃疡（34．3％）最多见,其次为胃溃疡（16．3％）及胃癌（10．6％）。老年人胃溃疡及胃癌出血的发生率均高于中青年人,而十二指肠溃疡出血的发生率则低于中青年人（P〈O．05）。结论老年人上消化道出血以消化性溃疡多见,胃溃疡及胃癌出血的发生率较高,伴随疾病和并发症多,再出血率和死亡率高。