健康教育对小儿哮喘护理效果的影响

目的:探讨系统规范的健康教育对哮喘患儿护理效果的影响。方法:记录并分析我院2006-2008年门诊或住院诊治的273例哮喘患儿的情况。所有患儿分为健康教育组和对照组;健康教育组对其采用个体化管理的治疗护理方案并进行系统的健康教育,对照组常规治疗和护理。结果:对照组和健康教育组的总体有效率分别为:78.2%和96.0%。健康教育组在临床控制率、显效率和总体有效率方面均明显高于对照组,相比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。健康教育组在发作次数和缺课天数方面明显少于对照组,与其比较有显著差异(P<0.05)或及其显著差异(P<0.01)。结论:健康教育对小儿哮喘的护理有重要意义。     

血清肌酸激酶在支气管哮喘急性发作中的临床意义

目的探讨血清肌酸激酶(CK)活性测定在支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)急性发作中的临床意义。方法测定82例哮喘急性发作患者和30例健康体检者的CK、CK-MB,同步测定哮喘急性发作患者最大呼气流量占正常预计值的百分比(PEF%)。结果①哮喘重度急性发作组患者CK活性与哮喘轻、中度发作组、正常对照组比较差异均具有显著性(P<0.001);②哮喘轻、中度发作组CK活性与对照组比较差异均无显著性(P>0.05);③哮喘急性发作患者CK活性与PEF%间呈显著负相关(r=-0.589,P<0.001);④哮喘重度发作组患者CK-MB活性显著高于对照组(P<0.001)但CK-MB均只占同步测定的CK活性的6%以内,而CK-MB活性与CK活性呈正相关(r=0.745,P<0.001)。结论CK不仅可用于哮喘急性发作患者病情的判断而且可与心肌损伤鉴别。     

健康宣教指导在小儿支气管哮喘遵医行为中的应用效果分析

目的分析健康宣教指导在小儿支气管哮喘遵医行为中的应用效果。方法选择2017年6月至2019年6月本院收治的124例支气管哮喘患儿作为研究对象,按照是否进行健康宣教指导分为研究组(n=63)和对照组(n=61)。对照组患儿采用普通健康宣教,研究组患儿在此基础上增加健康宣教指导。记录所有研究对象临床资料及随访情况,测量患儿随访前与随访1年后用力肺活量(FVC)、第一秒用力呼气量(FEV_1)及第一秒用力呼气量/用力肺活量(FEV_1/FVC),比较两组患儿随访1年后遵医行为情况及随访1年内复诊率、再次住院率、急性发作次数。结果研究组患儿随访1年后FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05);研究组患儿掌握疾病相关知识、正确合理用药、指导患儿合理饮食及家居、参加户外及体育活动及正确处理急性期发作人数显著多于对照组(P0.05);研究组患儿随访1年内复诊率、再次住院率显著低于对照组,1年内急性发作次数明显少于对照组(P0.05)。结论健康宣教指导可提高支气管哮喘患儿遵医行为,改善其肺功能,对降低支气管哮喘复发率、延长发作间隔时间有积极意义,值得临床推广。     

舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂治疗儿童哮喘1年疗效的初步观察

目的初步观察舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂治疗儿童变应性哮喘1年的临床疗效。方法收集2009年5月至2010年6月我院哮喘门诊就诊轻中度哮喘患者55例,采用随机、开放、平行对照的的研究方法将其分为:试验组(粉尘螨滴剂+吸入激素)30例,对照组(单纯吸入激素)25例。临床观察1年,比较2组哮喘症状评分、急性发作次数、发作持续天数、吸入激素量、肺功能及呼气峰流量变异率的改变情况。结果从治疗的第36周开始2组患儿的日均哮喘症状评分出现差异,差异持续至1年观察结束。试验组1年哮喘的急性发作次数、发作持续天数明显少于对照组;从治疗的40周开始2组患儿ICS用量出现差异,差异持续至1年观察结束。治疗1年后试验组肺功能FEF50、MMEF占预计值百分比明显高于对照组(P<0.05),而2组FEV1、PEF、FEF75比较未见明显差异(P均>0.05)。试验组PEFR变异率于治疗29～56周小于对照组(P<0.05)。结论舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂可改善哮喘患儿症状,减少哮喘急性发作次数、持续天数及严重程度,减少ICS剂量、改善患儿小气道肺功能、降低PEFR变异率。     

布地奈德治疗小儿哮喘疗效观察

目的观察布地奈德治疗小儿哮喘临床治疗效果,为今后小儿哮喘的临床治疗提供依据。方法选取2011年7月~2014年6月来我院门诊的哮喘患儿98例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组49例。给予对照组孟鲁斯特治疗,观察组布地奈德治疗治疗,连续治疗1w,观察比较两组患儿的症状改善情况、哮喘发作时间,统计两组治疗有效率。结果治疗后,观察组患者生存质量明显高于对照组,哮喘次数明显减少,治疗有效率达81.6%,组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对哮喘患儿患者采取布地奈德治疗具有较高的临床疗效。     

儿童支气管哮喘并发胃食管反流血浆MTL和血清GAS的变化及其临床意义

目的:探讨血浆胃动素(MTL)和血清胃泌素(GAS)在儿童支气管哮喘中的水平变化,以阐明胃肠激素与支气管哮喘患儿胃肠功能的关系.方法:应用放射免疫分析(RIA)检测98例哮喘患儿MTL和GAS的水平,其中76例患儿通过平卧或抬高床脚进行吞钡X线检查,并对喘息发作的次数、年龄、严重复发性哮喘,结合伴有反胃烧心等食管炎症状的患儿做好详细的统计学处理.结果:哮喘患儿无男女性别差异.哮喘有症状和钡餐阳性者与对照组比较P＜0.001,哮喘无症状组与对照组及哮喘有症状组与无症状组比较也有显著性差异.哮喘有症状组血浆MTL和血清GAS水平明显低于对照组和哮喘无症状组,组间比较均有显著性差异(P＜0.001).结论:经观察发现哮喘反复发作可引起血浆MTL和血清GAS水平的严重降低,支气管哮喘伴发胃食管反流(GER)与哮喘反复发作引起血MTL和GAS水平降低有密切的相关性,胃肠激素水平降低是哮喘引发GER的关键所在,而GER又可触发和加剧喘息的发作.     

血清IL-10、CRP、IgE与小儿支气管哮喘病情相关性的研究

目的 探讨血清IL-10、CRP、IgE与小儿支气管哮喘病情的相关性.方法 选取2018年9月至2020年10月在我院接受治疗的94例支气管哮喘患儿,另选取50例健康儿童为对照组,测定受试者肺功能及血清IL-10、CRP、IgE水平,分析不同临床时期、不同病情各指标的差异.结果 与对照组比较,支气管哮喘组血清IL-10水平及FEV1、PEF明显降低,血清CRP、IgE水平明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);支气管哮喘急性发作期组血清IL-10水平及FEV1、PEF均明显小于临床缓解期组,而血清CRP、IgE水平明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);轻度、中度、重度支气管哮喘组血清IL-10、CRP、IgE和肺功能指标组间比较差异均存在统计学意义(P均<0.05);且随着病情加重,血清IL-10水平及FEV1、PEF逐渐降低,而血清CRP、IgE水平逐渐升高(P<0.05);Pearson相关性分析结果显示,血清IL-10与FEV1、PEF呈显著正相关(P均<0.05),血清CRP、IgE与FEV1、PEF均呈显著负相关(P均<0.05);且血清IL-10与CRP、IgE均呈显著负相关(P均<0.05),血清CRP与IgE呈显著正相关(P<0.05).结论 小儿支气管哮喘急性期气道炎症加重,血清CRP、IgE水平升高,IL-10水平降低,各指标水平与患儿病情与转归关系密切,动态监测上述指标对小儿支气管哮喘病情诊断和临床治疗具有较高的指导意义.     

系统规范的健康教育对哮喘患儿护理效果的观察

目的：探讨系统规范的健康教育对哮喘患儿护理效果的影响。方法选取我院收治的92例哮喘患儿作为研究对象，随机分为实验组和对照组，每组46例，两组患者均应用舒利迭、支气管扩张剂进行治疗，实验组在此基础上实施系统化、规范化的健康教育，比较两组患儿的治疗、护理效果。结果实验组患者的使用干粉剂、定时复诊、坚持测定峰流速、记录哮喘情况发生率均显著高于对照组，<0.05，差异均具有统计学意义；实验组患者的住院天数、误学天数、发作次数，均明显比对照组更短，<0.05，差异均具有统计学意义。结论对哮喘患儿实施系统、规范的健康教育，可有效提高临床疗效，增强患儿的自我护理能力。     

呼吸道合胞病毒感染后婴幼儿喘息患者血清leptin水平的变化

目的 通过测量呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎儿童患者瘦素(leptin)的水平,探讨瘦素与呼吸道合胞病毒感染后婴幼儿喘息间的相互关系.方法 43例呼吸道合胞病毒感染后婴幼儿分别于入院后24h内、治疗结束及出院后12周用放射免疫法检测血清leptin水平,并随访2年.根据患儿喘息发作的情况,分为婴儿哮喘组和非哮喘组;另选10名健康儿童血清标本作对照.结果 BSV感染后喘息发作≥3次的婴幼儿患儿,占41.9%.治疗前,哮喘组和非哮喘组血清leptin水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=3.41、2.64,P<0.05).治疗后,哮喘组血清leptin水平高于非哮喘组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=5.74、6.23,P<0.05).出院12周后复查,哮喘组血清leptin水平仍高于非哮喘组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=6.32、6.11,P<0.05);而非哮喘组血清leptin水平和对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.81,P>0.05).结论 呼吸道合胞病毒感染后喘息发作≥3次的婴幼儿血清leptin水平较健康同龄儿童及非哮喘儿童明显升高,持续高leptin水平可能是BSV感染后婴儿哮喘的高危因素之一.     

卡介苗多糖核酸对支气管哮喘合并鼻炎患儿治疗的研究

目的 探讨卡介苗多糖核酸(BCG-PSN)对支气管哮喘合并鼻炎患儿Th1/Th2功能及肺通气功能的影响.方法 37例哮喘患儿随机分为治疗组和对照组两组.按照分级治疗的标准给与相应的糖皮质激素吸入治疗,治疗组加用BCG-PSN,随访6个月,比较治疗前和治疗后血清IFN-γ、IL-4的浓度及IFN-γ/IL-4比值、血浆总IgE、肺功能、鼻炎积分、哮喘发作需急诊就诊的次数、呼吸道感染的次数.结果治疗后治疗组,IL-4、IgE明显下降,IFN-γ及IFN-γ/IL-4比值明显升高;差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而对照组无明显改变,差异无统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组肺功能均明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗组哮喘发作需急诊就诊的次数为(0.81±0.20)次,对照组为(1.72±0.80)次,差异有统计学意义,(t=4.15,P＜0.05);治疗组呼吸道感染(1.15±0.55)次,对照组(3.21±0.73)次,差异有统计学意义,(t=3.98,P＜0.05);治疗组鼻炎发作(1.31±0.42)次、对照组(1.11±0.39)次,差异无统计学意义,(t=2.31,P＜0.05).结论 BCG-PSN具有纠正Th1/Th2失衡,减轻气道炎症,改善肺通气功能,提高免疫力的作用.对于哮喘合并过敏性鼻炎的患儿,除针对气道慢性炎症使用糖皮质激素进行抗炎治疗外,同时应重视免疫调节治疗.     

Facilitated referral to asthma specialist reduces relapses in asthma emergency room visits

Facilitated asthma-specialist care delivered by allergists was compared to generalist care on the rate of relapse of asthma emergency room (ER) visits and hospitalizations and on asthma control in a prospective, controlled study of San Diego Kaiser Health Plan members with asthma. Subjects with asthma between the ages of 6 and 59 years presenting for acute ER care for asthma were systematically assigned by alternating, consecutively, the day of their ER visit to receive either (1) facilitated referral to an asthma specialist within the allergy department and concomitant comprehensive ongoing asthma care (intervention group, n = 149) or (2) continued outpatient management from generalist physicians (control group, n = 160). The course of their asthma was evaluated blindly during the subsequent 6 months by review of medical records, initial and follow-up questionnaires, and spirometry. Compared to the control group, the intervention group noted (1) a 75% reduction in the number of, and percent of, subjects with asthma awakenings per night (p less than or equal to 0.0001), (2) an almost 50% reduction in asthma ER relapses (p = 0.017) resulting from a reduction in the frequency of multiple relapse (p = 0.005), and (3) a greater use of inhaled corticosteroids (p less than 0.00001) and cromolyn (p = 0.002). Thus, facilitated referral of subjects with asthma to specialists in asthma therapy after acute ER therapy appears to reduce asthma ER relapses and to improve asthma outcome.     

急救护理流程再造在急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗中的作用观察

观察急救护理流程再造在急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗中的作用。方法 选取我院2017年2月~2018年5月收治的60例急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗患者,以随机平行方式分为观察组与对照组每组30例。观察组实行急救护理流程再造,对照组实行常规护理流程,对比两组患者的护理满意度、抢救成功率、首次医疗接触时间到心电图（ECG)时间、ECG到激活导管室时间、急诊就诊到球囊扩张时间。结果 观察组护理满意度（93.33%）,高于对照组（73.33%）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。观察组首次医疗接触-ECG时间、ECG-激活导管室时间、急诊-球囊扩张时间分别为:（5.11±1.19）min、（22.29±2.62）min、（65.11±9.98）min,高于对照组的（10.37±1.56）min、（46.32±4.84）min、（92.04±5.03）min,差异有统计学的意义（P＜0.05）。结论 急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗中,实行急救护理流程再造,可提高急性心肌梗死患者的护理满意度和抢救成功率,减少首次医疗接触-ECG、ECG-激活导管室、急诊-球囊扩张的时间。     

Short-term clinical outcomes of acute treatment of childhood asthma

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Acute exacerbations of asthma are the leading cause of emergency department visits in the pediatric patient. The present review is focused on the identification of those factors that may contribute to improving the short-term outcome of children after discharge from an emergency department visit for acute asthma. RECENT FINDINGS: Several recent studies have documented that children treated at the emergency department because of an asthma-related event present a high morbidity at 7 and 15 days after discharge, mainly associated with symptom persistence, need for rescue bronchodilator medication, and absenteeism from school or day nursery. A better control of the disease, particularly adequate outpatient follow-up and maintenance treatment with inhaled steroids, could improve short-term clinical outcomes. SUMMARY: All efforts of emergency room management of children with asthma, identification of severity of the current exacerbation episode, and intensive treatment of the acute asthma attack have usually been directed at reducing the rates of hospitalization and the return for medical care. However, according to reported data on short-term morbidity, it is necessary to define therapeutic and follow-up strategies after treatment for acute asthma and emergency department discharge. Besides standard treatment for an acute asthma exacerbation in a pediatric emergency department, action plans should include a review of the maintenance treatment of asthma to improve underlying disease control and a strong recommendation for close follow-up by the primary care pediatrician.     

Asthma control and management: a patient's perspective

Irish asthma guidelines, published in 2000, are based on the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) international asthma management guidelines and provide recommendations for optimal asthma management and control. Using the same methodology as employed in the Asthma Insights and Reality in Europe (AIRE) survey, which assessed whether specific goals of asthma management based on GINA were being realised, 400 patients with current asthma in Ireland were interviewed in the Asthma Insights and Reality in Ireland (AIRI) survey to determine their healthcare utilisation, symptom severity, activity limitations and level of asthma control. Of those surveyed, acute services were utilised by a significant number of respondents. Over the previous year, 27% had either an emergency visit to the hospital or their general practitioner (GP) and 7% were hospitalised for asthma. In terms of asthma control, 19% experienced sleep disturbance at least once a week, 29% missed work or school and 37% of respondents experienced symptoms during physical activity over the previous 4-week period. Based on these findings, the level of asthma control and asthma management in Ireland falls short of recommended national and international asthma guidelines.     

射干麻黄汤联合穴位敷贴治疗小儿支气管哮喘急性发作的疗效观察

目的 观察小儿支气管哮喘急性发作采用射干麻黄汤联合穴位敷贴治疗的临床疗效,评价其安全性。方法 选取2015 年 7 月~2017 年 4月在本院诊治的100例哮喘患儿,按入院顺序分为研究组和对照组,各50例。在实行GINA 方案的基础上,两组必要时均给予雾化吸入以及吸氧、补液、抗生素、糖皮质激素治疗。研究组在此基础上采用射干麻黄汤配合穴位敷贴进行治疗。比较两组临床疗效及不良反应发生率。结果 研究组治疗总有效率、治疗显效率均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组不良反应差异不大,无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 针对小儿支气管哮喘急性发作采用射干麻黄汤配合穴位敷贴进行治疗,能显著改善患儿病症表现,获得较好的临床疗效。     

血清骨膜蛋白和脂联素联检诊断儿童支气管哮喘价值研究

目的 探讨支气管哮喘患儿血清骨膜蛋白及脂联素（ADP）水平检测对诊断支气管哮喘的临床价值。方法 选取选取2017年1月~12月在常州儿童医院儿科就诊的40例支气管哮喘患儿（哮喘组）和40名同期健康儿童体检者（对照组）作为研究对象,ELISA法检测哮喘组急性发作期和缓解期及对照组的血清Periostin、ADP及IgE水平;采用ROC曲线评价Periostin及ADP对支气管哮喘病情评估效能预测。结果 哮喘组患儿发作期及缓解期血清Periostin和血清ADP水平均高于对照组（P＜0.05）且发作期高于缓解期（P＜0.05）;采用血清Periostin和ADP水平诊断支气管哮喘,其诊断灵敏度分别为85.02%和80.48%,特异度为92.51%和81.98%,当血清Periostin和血清ADP分别在147.52 μg/L和20.31 mg/L时,其Youden 值最大,分别为0.7752和0.7504,其AUC分别为0.8262和0.7823,两者联检可将灵敏度和特异性分别提高到87.03%和95.52%。支气管哮喘急性发作期和缓解期血清Periostin与IgE的相关系数分别为0.9916和0.9358,而急性发作期和缓解期血清ADP与IgE的相关系数分别为0.4767和0.2344。结论　动态监测支气管哮喘患儿血清中Periostin及ADP水平有助于判断支气管哮喘病情转归效果;二者联检可作为排查儿童支气管哮喘的指标,血清Periostin可作为诊断支气管哮喘良好血清学指标。     

Inhaled corticosteroids and allergy specialty care reduce emergency hospital use for asthma

BACKGROUND: The interrelationships between optimal inhaled corticosteroid (IC) therapy, allergy specialist care, and reduced emergency hospital care for asthma have not been well defined. OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the independent effectiveness of various levels of IC dispensing and allergy specialist care in reducing subsequent emergency asthma hospital use. METHODS: Asthmatic patients (n = 9608) aged 3 to 64 years were identified from an electronic database of a large health maintenance organization. The outcome was any year 2000 asthma hospitalization or emergency department visit. The main predictors were at least one allergy department visit and the number of IC canisters dispensed in 1999. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, insurance type, and asthma severity (1999 emergency asthma hospital use, beta-agonist use, and oral corticosteroid use). RESULTS: Dispensing of 7 or more canisters of ICs (odds ratio [OR], 0.64; 95% CI, 0.43-0.94) and allergy care (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.55-0.97) were associated with reduced subsequent emergency asthma hospital use. More patients with allergy specialist care than those without such care received 7 or more dispensations of ICs (24.7% vs 8.3%, P <.001). When 7 or more dispensations of ICs and allergy specialist care were simultaneously included in an adjusted model, both ICs (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.46-1.00) and allergy care (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.58-1.02) were independently associated with a lower risk of year 2000 emergency asthma hospital care, although significance was borderline. CONCLUSION: Allergy care reduces emergency hospital use for asthma by increasing use of ICs but probably also has an independent effect.     

哮喘儿童发病与血液一氧化氮、肿瘤坏死因子变化的研究

目的 研究哮喘儿童发病与血液一氧化氮、肿瘤坏死因子变化。方法 选择2018年1月~2019年1月在我院诊治的哮喘儿童70例作为研究对象,依据病情分为缓解组和发作组,各35例,另选取同期在我院在体检健康儿童35例作为对照组。分别检测各组血液一氧化氮（NO）、肿瘤坏死因子水平,并分析NO、肿瘤坏死因子与哮喘儿童发病的关系。结果 发作组NO水平为（46.67±18.92）μmol/L、肿瘤坏死因子水平为（198.77±42.29）ng/L,均高于缓解组的（32.41±14.22）μmol/L、（192.42±37.83）ng/L和对照组（29.54±14.34）μmol/L、（164.51±31.11）ng/L,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;缓解组NO、肿瘤坏死因子水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;哮喘组肿瘤坏死因子水平与NO水平呈正相关（r=0.36、0.48,P＜0.05）。结论 NO、肿瘤坏死因子参与哮喘发作期气道炎症的形成,肿瘤坏死因子水平与NO水平密切相关,肿瘤坏死因子可作为哮喘缓解期患儿炎症持续的重要指标,具有重要的临床研究意义。     

急性胃出血患者的急诊治疗及症状转归分析

目的 探讨急诊内镜手术治疗急性胃出血患者的临床疗效及症状转归情况。方法 选择2018年1月~2019年1月我院收治的108例急性胃出血患者,两组患者均行内镜手术治疗,按手术时机分为对照组和观察组,每组54例。对照组择期手术,观察组行急诊手术治疗,比较两组临床疗效、症状缓解时间、住院时间和止血时间等指标。结果 观察组治疗总有效率为94.44%,高于对照组的77.78%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组恶心、呕血、便血及腹部灼烧感改善时间分别为[（2.45±0.34）d、（1.98±0.37）d、（2.26±0.44）d、（1.65±0.88）d],较对照组的[（4.56±0.54）d、（3.98±0.61）d、（3.19±0.56）d、（2.98±0.14）d]缩短,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组治疗后止血时间为（2.76±0.61）d、住院时间为（6.63±1.20）d,短于对照组的（4.97±1.54）d、（8.65±2.55）d, 差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 急性胃出血患者应用急诊手术治疗效果优于择期手术治疗,能有效、迅速控制出血,缓解疾病症状,提高临床疗效。     

托伐普坦治疗AMI合并心力衰竭的疗效及对患者血清hs-CRP、NT-proBNP表达的影响

目的 探讨托伐普坦治疗急性心肌梗死（AMI）合并心力衰竭的疗效及对患者血清hs-CRP、NT-proBNP表达的影响。方法 选取我院2016年8月~2018年9月收治的AMI合并心力衰竭患者84例,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各42例。对照组常规予以急救治疗与抗心衰药物治疗,观察组同时联合托伐普坦治疗,比较两组疗效及血清hs-CRP、NT-proBNP水平。结果 观察组总有效率为95.24%,高于对照组的78.57%（P＜0.05）。治疗1周后,观察组血清hs-CRP、NT-proBNP水平均低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 托伐普坦治疗急性心肌梗死合并心力衰竭有助于提高疗效,改善血清hs-CRP、NT-proBNP指标。