新型冠状病毒肺炎的初诊CT特征及与流感病毒性肺炎的鉴别诊断

目的:探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)的初诊CT特征性表现,以及与流感病毒性肺炎的鉴别诊断。方法:收集临床确诊的8例新冠肺炎及10例流感病毒性肺炎的CT资料,分析2组肺内感染病灶的位置、分布、密度及形态。结果:2组病变分布方式(单肺分布、胸膜下分布、沿中轴支气管血管束分布)、支气管壁增厚及树芽征检出率比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:当胸部CT出现双肺胸膜下多发磨玻璃影或伴实变、有小叶内间隔增厚呈网格状表现,提示新冠肺炎。出现支气管壁增厚、树芽征、病灶沿中轴支气管血管束分布、伴胸腔积液及淋巴结肿大,新冠肺炎可能性不大。     

螺旋CT多种成像技术对小儿气道异物的诊断

目的 探讨螺旋CT对小儿气道异物的临床诊断价值。方法 分析18例小儿气道非金属异物患者的螺旋CT表现。结果 薄层横断位像能提示病变所在部位。MPR像直观显示异物大小、密度及气道管壁形态。SSD，RT3D像立体地显示异物与气道的形态及关系。其他技术可验证上述所见。CT显示完全阻塞11例，部分阻塞7例。病变呈软组织或稍高密度的不规则或圆形腔内病变。并可见肺内炎症、肺气肿、肺不张、纵隔移位及双边影、胸壁双边影等间接征象表现。结论 螺旋CT多种技术方法成像显示小儿气道异物直观准确，具有重要的临床应用价值。     

白血病骨髓移植术后巨细胞病毒性肺炎的高分辨率CT表现

目的：探讨白血病骨髓移植术后巨细胞病毒性肺炎的高分辨率CT表现。材料和方法：收集接受高分辨率CT扫描的17例巨细胞病毒性肺炎患者,对其CT表现进行回顾性分析,CT表现包括病变形态、病变分布、淋巴结肿大、胸腔积液等。结果：骨髓移植术后3周内发生者3例,3～14周内发生者12例,14周后发生者2例。中心肺野和周围肺野同时都有者10例。所有病例均双侧分布,其中对称分布3例,不对称分布14例。磨玻璃密度7例,实变影4例,网状改变2例,树芽征1例;多发结节性病灶3例。3例出现淋巴结肿大,3例病人出现胸腔积液。结论：骨髓移植术后巨细胞病毒性肺炎没有特征性CT征象,多表现为双侧不对称分布的混合性病变,综合分析病变形态、分布以及移植术后出现时间有助于与其他并发症鉴别。     

原发性肺非霍奇金淋巴瘤的CT表现

目的 提高对原发性肺非霍奇金淋巴瘤CT表现的认识.方法 回顾性分析经病理及临床随访证实的19例原发性肺非霍奇金淋巴瘤的CT表现.结果 CT表现为结节影7例,肿块影8例,大多边界模糊,强化明显,病变内常可见支气管充气征;斑片影9例,常为双肺多发,呈散在分布;实变影7例,多为大叶性实变,强化明显,病变内常可见支气管充气征;间质性改变1例,表现为双肺弥漫性磨玻璃影、网格影;混合影10例,为多种影像表现并存;胸腔积液4例,较为少见.结论 原发性肺非霍奇金淋巴瘤CT表现形式多样,具有一定特征性,CT检查结合临床表现有助于该疾病的诊断.     

溺水致肺损伤的CT表现(附10例报告)

目的探讨淹溺性肺损伤的CT表现。方法对我院于2008年至2011年收治的10例淹溺性肺损伤患者的CT资料进行回顾性分析。所有患者均在离水后1～8 h内接受了首次CT检查。结果在CT像上,4例表现为两肺野肺纹理增粗、增多,广泛分布腺泡结节影与斑片状影;6例表现为两肺野磨玻璃样影,呈对称或不对称分布的片絮状,病变多分布在肺门周围;2例伴有不同程度的肺气肿和肺段肺不张;4例伴有少量胸腔积液。结论 CT检查能清晰显示溺水后的急性肺损伤,并为临床诊治提供重要信息。     

艾滋病合并肺部恶性肿瘤的CT表现

【摘要】目的：探讨艾滋病相关肺部恶性肿瘤的CT表现特征。方法：回顾性分析8例艾滋病合并肺部恶性肿瘤患者的CT表现。结果：4例卡波西肉瘤中3例表现为支气管血管束增粗、小叶间隔增厚,多个沿支气管血管束分布的结节、纵隔、腋窝或肺门淋巴结肿大,双侧胸腔积液,1例主要表现为结节;1例淋巴瘤为单发肿块,病灶内可见坏死及空气支气管征,增强扫描呈轻度不均匀强化;3例肺癌均为明显强化的孤立肿块,腺癌为形态不规则的外周型肿块伴肺内转移,鳞癌和小细胞癌为中央型肿块,前者可见阻塞性肺炎、肺不张及病灶侧肺门淋巴结肿大,后者纵隔及病灶侧肺门淋巴结显著肿大,3例病灶侧均可见胸腔积液。结论：艾滋病合并肺内恶性肿瘤的CT表现具有一定特征性,CT检查对其诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要价值。     

鹦鹉热衣原体肺炎的胸部CT影像表现

目的:探讨鹦鹉热衣原体肺炎的胸部CT影像表现。方法:回顾性分析22例鹦鹉热衣原体肺炎患者的临床及胸部CT资料,分析肺内病变的影像学特点及肺外影像表现。结果:22例鹦鹉热衣原体肺炎中,15例肺内病变表现为大叶性肺炎,5例表现为斑片结节,2例表现为支气管肺炎,常见伴随征象包括：小叶间隔增厚(12例)、小叶内网状影(11例)、铺路石征(6例),少数可见晕征(3例)、反晕征(1例)、小叶中心性结节(1例)、支气管壁增厚(2例)、支气管牵引性扩张(1例)。所有病变均未见坏死或空洞。肺内病变分布：累及单肺19例,双肺3例;累及上肺区6例,下肺区13例,上、下肺区同时受累3例;外周分布12例,支气管血管周围分布4例,弥漫分布6例。10例合并胸腔积液,3例伴纵隔淋巴结增大。结论:鹦鹉热衣原体肺炎的影像表现以大叶性肺炎最多见,典型者表现为斑片状实变伴空气支气管征,多合并磨玻璃密度影,常伴小叶间隔增厚、小叶内网状影及铺路石征等间质受累表现,可见胸腔积液、纵隔淋巴结增大。     

艾滋病肺孢子菌肺炎的临床及影像学表现分析

目的 :总结艾滋病肺孢子菌肺炎(PCP)的影像学特征,以提高该病影像学诊断水平。方法 :回顾性分析3例艾滋病PCP确诊患者的胸部影像学资料及特点。结果 :例1首次胸片及CT检查示双肺随机分布的多发斑片状、大片状渗出性高密度影,伴磨玻璃密度渗出影;抗渗出治疗1周复查,病变进展至双肺弥漫渗出伴实变。例2初次CT检查示双肺弥漫分布的磨玻璃渗出及部分实变影,伴间质渗出改变;抗感染抗病毒治疗5 d复查CT,双肺渗出无明显吸收,肺实变显著进展,范围扩大,大量纵隔气肿。例3双肺弥漫性多发片状磨玻璃影及实变影,以肺门为中心向心性实变、背侧实变,左侧少量胸腔积液。结论:艾滋病PCP影像学表现具有特征性,结合症状、体征及实验室检查,对临床诊断有较好地提示。     

学龄前儿童新型冠状病毒肺炎CT诊断

目的探讨学龄前儿童新型冠状病毒肺炎CT表现。方法回顾性分析湖北襄阳市第一人民医院及十堰太和医院8例经临床及核酸检测确诊为COVID-19学龄前儿童的胸部CT表现。其中男性3例,女性5例,年龄8个月～5岁,中位年龄2岁。由2名放射科医师共同观察肺部纹理情况,病变分布、形态、密度等特征及有无肺门、纵隔淋巴结肿大、有无胸膜增厚或胸腔积液改变。结果 8例患儿中,1例患儿无肺部及胸膜腔病变,1例患儿仅表现左侧少量胸膜增厚;5例患儿双肺病变,表现为双肺纹理增多,增粗,可见夹杂的斑片状高密度影,实变影与磨玻璃影,部分磨玻璃影见晕征;3例患儿病变多分布于肺外带,1例病变分布于双肺中内带;所有患儿均未见肺门及纵隔淋巴结肿大,未见胸腔积液。结论学龄前儿童新型冠状病毒肺炎临床表现及胸部CT表现不典型,与成人不同,多为轻症,诊断需结合流行病学资料、实验室检测综合判断,准确的肺部CT表现可作为临床早期诊断和防控干预的重要依据。     

多层螺旋CT在小细胞肺癌诊断中的价值

目的：探讨多层螺旋 CT（MSCT）在 SCLC 诊断中的价值。方法：搜集经病理证实的50例 SCLC 患者的资料,详细分析其 CT 表现。结果：48例表现为局部结节或肿块,38例出现分叶状,6例出现钙化,6例出现胸膜凹陷征,14例出现磨玻璃影,34例出现阻塞性肺炎,30例出现阻塞性肺不张,28例出现胸腔积液,38例出现肺门淋巴结肿大,44例出现纵隔淋巴结肿大,20例出现“冰冻纵隔”,17例伴远处转移。结论：SCLC 在 CT 表现上具有一定的特征性,最终确诊需结合临床病理。     

甲型H1N1流感病毒肺炎的CT表现

目的：探讨甲型H1N1流感病毒性肺炎CT表现,提高对该病的认识。方法：回顾性分析34例经临床、实验室证实的甲型H1N1肺炎胸部CT表现。结果：34例中累及两肺5个肺叶17例,占50%;累及4个肺叶3例,占8.8%;累及3个肺叶6例,占17.6%;累及2个肺叶5例,占14.7%;累及1个肺叶3例,占8.8%。单纯毛玻璃样阴影15例,占44.1%,表现为斑片状及云雾样淡薄影,边缘模糊,病灶中心密度相对较高,可见血管纹理通过;单纯实变阴影5例,占14.7%,表现为团片状、斑片状及棉球样影,密度较高;毛玻璃影与实变阴影同时存在14例,占41.2%,表现为云雾样淡薄影、棉球样实变影同时存在,肺周边区域及下叶基底部的病灶密度高于其它部位。实变阴影中可见支气管充气征12例,占35.3%;病灶内合并网格样改变19例,占55.9%;小结节影3例,占8.8%;支气管壁增厚3例,占8.8%;两侧胸腔少量积液1例,占2.9%。结论：甲型H1N1肺炎病变分布范围广,变化快,CT表现具有一定特征性。     

Aspiration diseases: findings, pitfalls, and differential diagnosis.

The aspiration of different substances into the airways and lungs may cause a variety of pulmonary complications. These disease entities most commonly involve the posterior segment of the upper lobes and the superior segment of the lower lobes. Esophagography and computed tomography (CT) are especially useful in the evaluation of aspiration disease related to tracheoesophageal or tracheopulmonary fistula. Foreign body aspiration typically occurs in children and manifests as obstructive lobar or segmental overinflation or atelectasis. An extensive, patchy bronchopneumonic pattern may be observed in patients following massive aspiration of gastric acid or water. CT is the modality of choice in establishing the diagnosis of exogenous lipoid pneumonia, which can result from aspiration of hydrocarbons or of mineral oil or a related substance. Aspiration of infectious material manifests as necrotizing consolidation and abscess formation. The relatively low diagnostic accuracy of chest radiography in aspiration diseases can be improved with CT and by being familiar with the clinical settings in which specific complications are likely to occur. Recognition of the varied clinical and radiologic manifestations of these disease entities is imperative for prompt, accurate diagnosis, resulting in decreased morbidity and mortality rates.     

炎症型细支气管肺泡细胞癌与肺炎的CT征象对比分析

目的探讨炎症型细支气管肺泡细胞癌（BAC）与肺炎的CT征象特点,提高对两种疾病的鉴别诊断水平。方法回顾性对比分析12例炎症型BAC及20例肺炎的CT征象。结果炎症型BAC主要分布于肺外带胸膜下,CT表现为磨玻璃样密度背景下的斑片状实变影,常伴空泡征、病理性含气支气管征及血管征、＂卫星＂腺泡结节、胸膜凹陷征及分叶征,一般无胸膜增厚;而肺炎常分布于中下肺叶,少见磨玻璃样密度、空泡征、病理性含气支气管征、分叶征及胸膜凹陷征,无＂卫星＂腺泡结节,慢性肺炎常可见邻近胸膜增厚。炎症型BAC与肺炎均不易引起肺门及纵隔淋巴结肿大。结论 CT检查对炎症型BAC与肺炎的鉴别诊断可提供重要依据。     

Pulmonary cystic fibrosis in the adult: early and late radiologic findings with pathologic correlations

Radiographs of 50 patients age 17 or more with documented cystic fibrosis were reviewed. Peripheral nodular and nonvascular linear densities were common early abnormalities. Specific findings of bronchiectasis were found in 90% of all cases. Hyperinflation was seen in 76% of cases, especially in the lower lobes; atelectasis and all other abnormalities were more common in the upper (and middle) lobes. Cystic air spaces developed in 24% of cases. The severity of abnormalities (including hyperinflation, atelectasis, and bronchial changes) increased in 30 of the 39 patients with follow up for a year or more. Eight of the 15 patients who died came to autopsy. The lungs showed acute and chronic inflammation of airways, including peripheral bronchioles, with adjacent parenchymal inflammation of airways peripheral bronchioles, with adjacent parenchymal infiltrates and fibrosis. The surrounding alveoli were aerated and enhanced the visibility of the thick-walled airways, except in regions of lobar atelectasis, scarring, or active pneumonia. Large and small airway shadows can be described more precisely than by the terms "honeycombing," "interstitial" or "bronchovascular markings".     

艾滋病合并肺孢子菌肺炎的CT表现分析

目的探讨艾滋病合并肺孢子菌肺炎的CT表现,提高早期诊断水平。方法回顾性分析我院收治的并经临床及病理确诊的55例艾滋病合并肺孢子菌肺炎的CT表现。结果 CT表现为双肺云雾样、磨玻璃状改变43例（占78.18%）,双肺呈磨玻璃影伴索条状及网状影18例（占32.73%）,表现为碎石路征14例（占25.45%）,合并有散在斑片影、局限性肺气肿、结节灶、胸腔积液、淋巴结肿大6例（占10.91%）。结论双肺云雾样、磨玻璃状改变、网状磨玻璃影及碎石路征为艾滋病合并肺孢子菌肺炎的特征性表现,CT出现上述表现时对艾滋病合并肺孢子菌肺炎的诊断有很大价值。     

Accuracy of low-dose computed tomography (CT) for detecting and characterizing the most common CT-patterns of pulmonary disease

Purpose

To assess the ability of low-dose CT to detect and characterize the most common CT patterns of pulmonary disease.

Methods and materials

Sixty patients with nodules, consolidations or interstitial disease were scanned using a low-dose (128 mm × 0.6 mm, 40 reference mAs, 120 kVp) and standard-dose CT protocol (150 reference mAs, 120 kVp). Two radiologists with 3 and 10 years of thoracic imaging experience searched both exams in consensus for the most commonly observed CT patterns according to the Fleischner Society criteria, which consisted of 46 different subgroups of ground-glass opacities, nodules, interstitial and airspace diseases. The standard of reference was established by consensus of a panel of two experienced chest radiologists (9 and 12 years of experience).

Results

The lung segments (1080) showed 813 nodules, 596 ground-glass opacities, 74 airspace and 575 interstitial diseases and 64 normal segments. In particular, air-space disease and nodules were unaffected by the increase in noise. However, the sensitivity to detect ground-glass opacities, ground-glass nodules and interstitial opacities decreased significantly, from 89% to 77%, 86% to 68% and 91% to 71%, respectively (all p-values < 0.00001). Using iterative reconstruction instead of the applied filtered back projection sensitivity for ground-glass nodules rose to the sensitivity of standard-dose CT in an additional phantom study.

Conclusion

A low-dose CT of 40 mAs/120 kVp is feasible for detecting solid nodules, airspace, airways and pleural disease. For diagnosing pathologies consisting of ground-glass opacities or interstitial opacities, higher tube current or iterative reconstruction is required.     

SARS与细菌性肺炎不同病期的CT表现及动态分析

目的　探讨严重急性呼吸综合征 (SARS)与细菌性肺炎发病不同时期的CT表现及演变规律。资料与方法　对比分析 31例SARS患者和 34例细菌性肺炎患者的胸部CT资料。结果　SARS组早期多发小片磨玻璃影(4 / 7例 )多于肺炎组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;进展期多发大片磨玻璃影 (2 2 / 2 5例 )、合并间质改变 (17/ 2 5例 )多于肺炎组 (P值均<0 .0 1) ;吸收期间质改变 (10 / 11例 )、合并磨玻璃影 (6 / 11例 ) ,多于肺炎组 (P值均 <0 .0 5 )。进展期两组病变部位分布明显不同 (P值均 <0 .0 1)。SARS组比细菌性肺炎组病变进展变化快 ,明显吸收时间长 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　SARS与细菌性肺炎发病不同时期的CT表现及演变规律显著不同     

Exogenous lipoid pneumonia: high-resolution CT findings

The aim of this study was to assess high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings of exogenous lipoid pneumonia. High-resolution computed tomography was obtained in 25 patients with proven exogenous lipoid pneumonia resulting from aspiration of squalene (derived from shark liver oil). Diagnosis was based on biopsy (n = 9), bronchoalveolar lavage (n = 8), or sputum cytology and clinical findings (n = 8). The clinical history of taking squalene was confirmed in all patients. The CT findings were classified into three patterns: diffuse ground-glass opacity, consolidation, and interstitial abnormalities. Distribution of the abnormalities, duration of taking squalene, predisposing factors for aspiration, and route of administration were analyzed. Ten patients showed diffuse ground-glass opacity pattern. Seven of 10 patients had predisposing conditions such as unconsciousness, pharyngeal dysmotility, or motor disturbances, and 6 patients had a recent history of taking large amount of squalene through nasal route. Seven patients who had consolidation pattern had a history of taking squalene for several months and did not have any predisposing factor. All of the 5 patients who had a pattern of interstitial abnormalities had a history of taking squalene longer than 1 year and showed segmental distribution of interstitial thickening with interposing ground-glass opacities. Three patients simultaneously had two different patterns at different lobes of the lung. The HRCT findings of lipoid pneumonia are ground-glass opacities, consolidation, and interstitial abnormalities. These HRCT findings with appropriate inquiries could be useful for diagnosis of exogeneous lipoid pneumonia. Received: 12 September 1997; Revision received: 13 February 1998; Accepted: 7 April 1998     

甲型H1N1肺炎初诊CT表现

目的：探讨甲型H1N1肺炎特征性CT表现。方法：回顾性分析46例经咽拭子RT-PCR法检测确诊的甲型H1N1流感病毒肺炎的临床与CT资料,CT检查包括常规平扫、高分辨力CT（HRCT）及多平面重组（MPR）,4例行CT增强扫描。结果：46例H1N1肺炎累及双侧45例、累及单侧1例,40例侵犯3个肺叶及以上、6例侵犯2个肺叶及以下,均呈多灶性与弥漫性,32例沿支气管血管束分布、其中28例合并胸膜下分布,39例为GGO或GGO合并实变,20例可见马赛克征,15例见少量或中等量胸腔积液,仅1例合并肺栓塞。HRCT显示26例小叶间隔及小叶内间隔增厚、2例小叶中心模糊结节。结论：H1N1肺炎具有较特征性的CT表现,HRCT与MPR有助于其肺内病变的评价。     

CT findings of leukemic pulmonary infiltration with pathologic correlation

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the characteristic CT findings of leukemic pulmonary infiltration based on the pathologic findings. The CT findings of 11 leukemic patients with leukemic pulmonary infiltration were compared with those of 22 leukemic patients with other diseases as a control group. Evaluated pulmonary parenchymal CT findings included thickening of bronchovascular bundles and interlobular septa, prominence of peripheral pulmonary arteries, ground-glass opacities, air-space consolidation, and nodules. The CT-pathologic correlations for leukemic infiltration were evaluated in 7 patients. Frequent parenchymal CT findings were thickening of bronchovascular bundles (81.8%), prominence of peripheral pulmonary arteries (81.8%), and non-lobular and non-segmental ground-glass opacities (90.9%). The first two findings were significantly more frequently observed in leukemic infiltration than in the control group, had good interobserver agreement, and corresponded pathologically to leukemic cell infiltration around the pulmonary arteries, bronchi, or bronchioles. Non-lobular and non-segmental ground-glass opacity corresponded to leukemic cell infiltration within alveolar spaces and septa adjacent to the pulmonary arteries or bronchi and also corresponded to hemorrhage, edema, or diffuse alveolar damage. Thickening of bronchovascular bundles and prominence of peripheral pulmonary arteries are CT findings suggestive for leukemic infiltration and correspond to peribronchovascular tumor extension.