食管癌细胞核AgNOR的定量研究

本文对３４例新近切除的食管癌组织和２２例术后随访病人（生存５年以上及半年内复发死亡各１１例）的标本进行ＡｇＮＯＲ染色，以正常食管上皮细胞作对照。结果食管癌细胞核ＡｇＮＯＲ均数显著高于正常食管上皮（Ｐ〈０．００１），３４例新近切除组织的ＡｇＮＯＲ均数随细胞分化等级的增加而增加。术后生存５年以上病人的ＡｇＮＯＲ均数显著低于术后半年内复发死亡者（Ｐ〈０．０１），提示ＡｇＮＯＲ均数与食管癌恶性程度和预后有     

AgNORs在胃镜活检小标本中的应用

采用嗜银染技术对胃镜活检的１０例正常食管粘膜、２０例食管癌、１０例正常胃粘膜和２０例胃癌的小标本的核仁组成区相关蛋白（ＡｇＮＯＲｓ）进行了研究。结果发现：食管癌和胃癌细胞的ＡｇＮＯＲｓ／核均数明显高于正常食管和胃粘膜的上皮细胞（Ｐ＜０．０１）。随着食管癌和胃癌细胞分化程度的降低，ＡｇＮＯＲｓ／核均数升高（Ｐ＜０．０５，或Ｐ＜０．０１）。我们认为ＡｇＮＯＲｓ技术有助于区别食管和胃的正常与恶性细胞，也有助于恶性细胞的组织学分级。将ＡｇＮＯＲｓ技术应用到胃镜活检的小标本中可以提高病理诊断的准确性。     

细胞核仁组成区嗜银蛋白检测对良恶性胸腔积液的鉴别诊断 …

目的 探讨核仁组成嗜银蛋白检测在良性胸腔积液间皮细胞和恶性胸腔积液癌细胞临别诊断中的价值。方法 对５０例恶怀、３０例良性胸腔积液鹗２的胸腔积液细胞涂片行ＡｇＮＯｒ染色，观察良性胸腔积液间皮细胞和恶性胸积液癌细胞核内的ＡｇＮＯＲ数目和形态。另观察６例临床疑诊恶性胸腔积液而常规脱落细胞检查阴性者胸积液细胞核内的ＡｇＮＯＲ数目和形态。结果 恶性组癌细胞平均每核ＡｇＮＯＲ数显著高于良性组间皮细胞；恶性组癌     

CEA和AgNOR检测对良,恶性胸腔积液鉴别诊断价值的比较

目的：比较癌胚抗原（ＣＥＡ）、细胞核仁组成区嗜银蛋白（ＡｇＮＯＲ）检测在良、恶性胸腔积液鉴别诊断中的作用。方法：检测３０例良性胸腔积液和５０例恶性胸腔积液患者胸积液ＣＥＡ水平，并同时作胸腔积液沉渣细胞涂片行ＡｇＮＯＲ染色，观察良性胸腔积液间皮细胞和恶性胸腔积液癌细胞核内的ＡｇＮＯＲ数目和形态。结果：恶性胸腔积液平均ＣＥＡ水平显著高于良性胸腔积液，恶性胸腔积液癌细胞ＡｇＮＯＲ形态以弥散型为主，且其平     

肺癌增殖细胞核抗原的表达与核仁组成区比较研究

用肺癌增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）免疫组化和核仁组成区（ＡｇＮＯＲ）胶银染色法对比观察了７３例肺癌。ＰＣＮＡ标记指数（ＬＩ）和ＡｇＮＯＲ计数可较敏感地反映细胞增殖活性，其数量变化与肺癌组织学分级有关，每核ＡｇＮＯＲ平均量与ＰＣＮＡ标记指数呈显著性正相（ｒ＝０．７０，Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果提示，这两种细胞增殖的检测指标可作为肺癌分级诊断的参数。     

地方性甲状腺肿甲状腺浸润细胞及滤泡上皮DR抗原表达免疫组化研究

用一组识别淋巴细胞亚群与ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ抗原的单克隆抗体及ＡＢＣ免疫组化技术，对５０例地方性甲状腺肿的甲状腺粗针穿刺标本进行原位研究。结果发现：地甲肿甲状腺浸润细胞以Ｔ细胞为主，地甲肿弥漫型与结节型相比，前者甲状腺浸润细胞总数，Ｉ＾＋２细胞百分比，Ｌｅｕ７＾＋细胞百分比及ＤＲ＾＋滤泡上皮均少于后者，但Ｍ＾＋５细胞百分比则高于后者；提示从弥漫型地甲肿到结节型地甲肿甲状腺原位自身免疫反应逐渐加剧，部分病例     

核仁组成区相关嗜银蛋白对白血病分型诊断价值的探讨

本文选用骨髓片４４６例、血片１７４例，其中急性白血病２１２例，慢性白血病３７例，其它白血病２２例，骨髓增生异常综合征５２例，非白血病８０例，正常人４３例。应用ＰＬＯＴＯＮ及本室改良法，检测核仁组成区相关嗜银蛋白（ＡｇＮＯＲｓ），ＡｇＮＯＲｓ颗粒／核及特殊鼻常嗜银染色区百分率及内外颗粒总合，代替检测１００个有核细胞ＡｇＮＯＲｓ嗜银颗粒面积（ＧＡ），并测定１００个有核细胞核面积（ＮＡ）、ＧＡ和Ｇ／Ａ（嗜银颗粒／有核细胞核面积）的比值三项指标，结果表明急性白血病ＡｇＮＯＲｓ颗粒／核为４．４３±０．９８，特殊异常嗜银染色区占１９．８％；期余ＡｇＮＯＲｓ颗粒／核分别为：慢性白血病为３．０３±０．８２，其它白血病为４．３５±１．４９，骨髓增生异常综合征为４．３１±１．３８，非白血病为２．８５±０．９５；正常人为１．４９±０．３７。     

慢性肝病,肝细胞癌及其癌旁肝组织核仁组成区嗜银蛋白的研究

采用嗜银染色技术研究正常肝、慢性肝病、肝细胞癌及其癌旁肝组织核仁组成区嗜银蛋白（Ａｇ－ＮＯＲ）的变化。正常肝组织ＡｇＮＯＲ数低于慢性肝病和癌旁肝组织（Ｐ〈０．０５），后二者低于肝细胞癌ＡｇＮＯＲ数（Ｐ〈０．０１）。不同分化程度癌组织ＡｇＮＯＲ数无差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。１年内死亡者与生存１年以上者癌组织ＡｇＮＯＲ计数无统计学差异。结果提示，ＡｇＮＯＲ计数有助于鉴别良恶性肝病，对肝癌预后的判断无意义。     

红细胞免疫功能与AgNOR检测对肺结核病人的临床意义

为探讨结核病人免疫功能的检测方法，采用郭峰法及银染方法对肺结构病人与健康对照者红细胞免疫功能及外周血淋巴细胞核仁组成区相关嗜银蛋白（ＡｇＮＯＲ）进行测定。结果表明肺结核病人红细胞免疫功能与外周血淋巴细胞ＡｇＮＯＲ颗粒总面向（ＧＡ）与细胞核面积（ＮＡ）之比（ＧＡ／ＮＡ）均明显低于正常对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）。表明此检测 为结核病人细胞免疫功能的一种方法，为结核病病人的免疫治疗、判断预后提供依据。     

红细胞免疫功能与AgNOR检测对肺结核病人的临床意义

为探讨肺结核病人免疫功能的检测方法，采用郭峰法及银染方法对肺结核病人与健康对照者红细胞免疫功能及外周血淋巴细胞核仁组成区相关嗜银蛋白（ＡｇＮＯＲ）进行测定。结果表明肺结核病人红细胞免疫功能与外周血淋巴细胞ＡｇＮＯＲ颗粒总面积（ＧＡ）与细胞核面积（ＮＡ）之比（ＧＡ／ＮＡ）均明显低于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。表明此检测可作为结核病人细胞免疫功能的一种方法，为结核病病人的免疫治疗、判断预后提供依据。     

Thyroid peroxidase in endemic goiter tissue

Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) activity and TPO protein were analyzed in endemic goiter tissue under iodine deficiency and after iodine supplement. TPO was prepared from 9 endemic goiter tissues and 4 normal thyroid tissues by solubilizing enzyme with detergent. Four patients with endemic goiter received iodized oil injection 12 months before surgery. All patients had normal serum thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroid hormone levels before surgery. TPO activity was measured by iodinase assay and guaiacol assay. Endemic goiter TPO showed greater iodination activity than that of normal TPO (p less than 0.01). The guaiacol assay showed greater TPO activity in 6 of the 9 endemic goiter tissues than that of the normal tissue. Iodized oil treatment did not affect TPO activity or TPO proteins when compared with those in untreated endemic goiter tissues. TPO activity in endemic goiter tissue correlated with thyroid T4 5'-deiodinase activity and not with thyroid hormone content in thyroglobulin. Since thyroid T4 5'-deiodinase and TPO are under control of TSH, an increase in TPO activity in the presence of normal serum TSH may be explained by the increased sensitivity of endemic goiter tissue to TSH-one of the possible adaptation mechanisms of endemic goiter.     

Role of autoimmune and familial factors in goiter prevalence. Studies performed in a moderately endemic area

The goitrogenic role of autoimmune phenomena in endemic goiter is still uncertain. Scanty and discrepant results have been reported in different areas of the world. This prompted us to evaluate the prevalence of circulating thyroid antibodies in an area of North-Western Tuscany during a survey for endemic goiter. The survey was carried out according to the P.A.H.O. criteria in a stable community. In all schoolchildren (n = 142, age range 7-15 yr) and in most of their parents (n = 159), thyroid size was evaluated and urine was collected for iodine determination. Blood was drawn for determination of circulating thyroid microsomal (MAb) and thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb), TT3, TT4 and TSH. Prevalence of goiter in schoolchildren was 77.9% and 94.8% in their parents. Mean (+/- SD) urinary iodine excretion was 55.0 +/- 2.1 micrograms/24 h. The overall frequency of TgAb and MAb in the adult population was 14.4%, statistically higher than that of control subjects matched for sex and age. The frequency in schoolchildren was 4.3%. The presence of goiter in children was unrelated to the presence of thyroid antibodies in parents, whether goitrous or nongoitrous. A higher prevalence of goiter was found in children with goitrous parents as compared to children with nongoitrous parents (p less than 0.005). In conclusion, the frequency of thyroid autoantibodies in the adult population of the endemic area studied was increased, but showed no relation with the presence of goiter. The prevalence of goiter in children was associated with the presence of goiter but not of thyroid autoantibodies in parents. These data suggest that autoimmune phenomena are of limited importance in the development of endemic goiter.     

不同浓度碘盐碘油胶丸防治地方性甲状腺肿效果观察

采用不同浓度碘盐及碘油胶丸对昆明地区4个自然村1750人进行地方性甲状腺肿(简称地甲肿)防治。2年后地甲肿患病率分别从9.60%,8.30%,18.90%,23.60%,降至3.23%,3.08%,5.44%,4.92%。尿碘均值升至113.08—200.29μgI/L。结果提示:1、轻病区选用1/10万,重病区选用1/5万碘盐防治地甲肿是可行的;2、贫困山区的重病区除选用1/5万碘盐外还在重点人群加用小剂量碘油胶丸;3、适当增加碘摄入量是防治环境污染地区地甲肿的有效方法。     

High incidence of goiter in patients treated with lithium carbonate

The effects of lithium carbonate on thyroid was evaluated in 40 consecutive psychiatric patients on long-term treatment with this drug. Five patients had clinical and/or biochemical hypothyroidism. Twenty four (60%) subjects showed goiter of different size, including very large glands. A very high prevalence of goiter (87%) was observed in the 15 patients coming from a moderate endemic area. A lower incidence of goiter (44%) was found in subjects coming from non endemic areas. Goiter was associated with significantly elevated serum thyroglobulin concentration similar to that reported in endemic or sporadic nontoxic goiter. None of 25 psychiatric patients not receiving lithium therapy was hypothyroid and only three (12.5%) of them showed a small size goiter. These data indicate a very high prevalence of thyroid enlargement in patients on lithium therapy and suggest the opportunity to institute a prophylactic thyroid hormone treatment at least in subjects coming from endemic areas.     

Chromatographically purified immunoglobulin G of endemic and sporadic goiter patients stimulates FRTL5 cell growth in a mitotic arrest assay.

A strain of differentiated rat thyroid cells (FRTL5) in continuous culture was used to study the presence of thyroid growth-promoting immunoglobulins (TGI) in the serum of patients with endemic and sporadic euthyroid goiters. To identify true in vitro cell proliferation a microscopic mitotic arrest assay was used. Immunoglobulins G (IgGs) were prepared with QAE-Sephadex A-50 or protein-A-Sepharose. A positive growth stimulation index was found in IgG preparations of 65 of 71 patients with endemic goiter and in 9 of 14 IgG preparations of patients with sporadic goiter. IgG preparations of 15 control subjects from an area where endemic goiter due to iodine deficiency does not occur and of 18 subjects without iodine deficiency and without thyroid enlargement living in the endemic area did not stimulate FRTL5 cell growth. FRTL5 cell growth stimulation with IgGs of these euthyroid goiter patients could only be detected when IgG was tested in combination with a small dose of TSH. Immunoprecipitation with polyclonal and monoclonal antihuman IgG was able to abolish the growth-promoting effects. In 32 blinded samples the Feulgen cytobiochemical assay, formerly used to detect TGI, was compared with the FRTL5 mitotic arrest assay. The two methods showed similar results. Our observations of chromatographically purified IgG promoting thyroid cell proliferation in vitro provide good evidence that IgG was responsible for thyroid cell growth in vitro and suggest that autoimmune growth mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of both endemic and sporadic goiters.     

地方性甲状腺肿组织氧化酶和脱氢酶的组织化学研究

用粗针穿刺活检,冰冻切片、组织化学技术,对17例地方性甲状腺肿、15例毒性甲状腺肿,13例桥本氏甲状腺炎组织的过氧化物酶、单胺氧化酶、琥珀酸脱氢酶的组织化学改变进行研究。结果发现地方性甲状腺肿的胶质结节的过氧化物酶的活性低于正常。实质结节的三种酶的活性均比胶质结节的高。毒性甲状腺肿的三种酶的活性均比地方性甲状腺肿和桥本氏甲状腺炎高。桥本氏甲状腺炎,过氧化物酶比正常低。     

地方性甲状腺肿过氧化物酶活性的改变

本文采用生化方法测定地方性甲状腺肿组织甲状腺过氧化物酶(TPO)活性,同时采用免疫组化方法原位观察TPO的改变。结果发现:地甲肿组织TPO活性变化范围很大,胶质结节TPO活性减低,而胶质结节伴增生及实质结节TPO活性明显增高。增生的甲状腺滤泡细胞(如乳头状增生),小滤泡及胎儿型滤泡多为TPO阳性或强阳性,而复旧扁平的滤泡细胞多为TPO阴性。地甲肿组织TPO活性的极不均一性主要受TSH水平的影响。把地甲肿组织结节性变化主要分为胶质结节和实质结节,比较好地反映了地甲肿组织功能状态。     

茶砖加碘防治西藏地区地方性甲状腺肿的疗效观察

本文报告了用茶砖加碘的防治措施在西藏拉萨市郊白定乡进行的 IDD 防治效果的观察。结果表明:经一年多防治后,乡全民患病率由25.6%下降至13.4%,居民尿碘、甲状腺24小时吸~(131)碘率及血清 TSH、T_4水平均恢复正常,这为西藏探索了一条新的 IDD 防治途径。     

Effect of acute levodopa load on blood prolactin concentration in patients with thyroid diseases

In 14 thyrotoxic patients and 5 persons with endemic euthyroid goiter the blood plasma prolactin content was studied under the action of an acute oral load of levodopa in a dose of 0.5 g. It was found that the basal prolactin level was significantly higher in the blood of patients of both sexes with thyrotoxicosis and endemic euthyroid goiter than that in the control group (10 healthy humans). The blood plasma prolactin content markedly decreased in thyrotoxic patients under levodopa effect, regardless of the sex, whereas in patients with endemic euthyroid goiter the drug exhibited no considerable action on the prolactin level. A possible mechanism of hyperprolactinemia in the thyroid hyperfunction is discussed.