吲哚美辛胃损伤中内皮素、一氧化氮、氧自由基的作用及其与胃动力的关系

目的 :研究吲哚美辛胃损伤中内皮素 (ET)、一氧化氮 (NO)、氧自由基的作用 ,以及胃动力对这种损伤的影响。方法 :雄性DS大鼠随机分 4组 :对照组、吲哚美辛 5mg/kg组、吲哚美辛 2 5mg/kg组、阿托品组 (阿托品 1mg/kg +吲哚美辛 2 5mg/kg)。吲哚美辛灌胃 ,灌胃前 10min阿托品皮下注射。取动脉血测ET、NO、丙二醛 (MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH Px)水平 ,进行胃形态学观察。结果 :5mg/kg吲哚美辛不引起胃粘膜损伤 ,各检测指标与对照组无差异 ;2 5mg/kg吲哚美辛可引起胃粘膜显著出血性损伤 ,损伤指数为 38 5 7± 12 4 7,病理损伤积分为13 36± 3 37;ET 1和MDA水平升高 (P <0 0 1) ,NO、SOD、GSH Px水平降低 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5 ) ;阿托品组粘膜损伤较轻 ,损伤指数为 8 71± 3 35 ,病理损伤积分为 3 77± 1 0 4,ET 1含量和对照组无差异 ,MDA水平升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,NO、SOD含量有所下降 (P <0 0 5 ) ,GSH Px含量无变化。结论 :吲哚美辛所致胃粘膜损伤中 ,ET 1和MDA生成增加起损害作用 ,内源性NO、SOD和GSH Px可清除氧自由基 ,有保护作用 ;阿托品对吲哚美辛所致胃粘膜损伤的保护作用 ,提示胃动力增加在吲哚美辛致溃疡中有重要作用。     

特异性环氧合酶-2抑制剂西乐葆胃黏膜安全性实验研究

目的　比较特异性环氧合酶 2 (COX 2 )抑制剂西乐葆与传统非甾体抗炎药 (NSAIDs)对胃黏膜的损害。方法　分别以西乐葆、吲哚美辛复制大鼠NSAIDs性胃黏膜损伤模型 (n =8) ;以无水乙醇复制胃黏膜急性损伤模型 ,再以西乐葆灌胃 (n =8)。观察各组胃黏膜 6 酮 前列腺素F1α(6 keto PGF1α)、血栓素B2 (TXB2 )水平、损伤指数 (LI)及光镜、扫描电镜下的变化。结果　吲哚美辛组胃黏膜损害明显 (LI :13.38± 2 .0 6 ) ,6 keto PGF1α、TXB2 明显下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,抑制率分别为 81.6 %,81.8%,LI与 6 keto PGF1α、TXB2 水平呈负相关。西乐葆组 6 keto PGF1α、TXB2 无明显抑制 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,对健康胃黏膜无损害 (LI :0 ) ,但可加重乙醇诱导的胃损伤 (LI :37.19± 3.34比 19.90± 2 .2 8,P <0 .0 1)。结论　COX 1活性抑制是NSAIDs胃病的主要机制 ;特异性COX 2抑制剂西乐葆不造成健康鼠胃黏膜损伤 ,有较高的胃肠道安全性 ,但可加重原有胃损伤。     

三种胃黏膜保护剂对吲哚美辛所致老龄大鼠胃黏膜损伤的防护研究

为评价不同类型药物在胃黏膜保护方面的作用,本文对比研究西咪替丁、铝碳酸镁及硫糖铝三种临床常用药物预防吲哚美辛所致胃黏膜损伤的疗效.     

瑞巴派特对非甾体抗炎药相关小肠黏膜损伤的保护机制

目的:研究瑞巴派特在NSAID相关小肠黏膜损伤中的保护作用及其相关机制。方法:选取21只C57BL/6小鼠,采用随机数字表法将其分为阴性对照组(0.9%氯化钠溶液连续灌胃4 d)、吲哚美辛建模组(20 mg/kg吲哚美辛连续灌胃4 d)和瑞巴派特干预组(20 mg/kg吲哚美辛灌胃4 h后,给予320 mg·kg ...     

吲哚美辛诱导肝癌细胞凋亡及与环氧合酶-2和凋亡调控基因表达关系

目的探讨非甾体类抗炎药(MSAIDs)诱导肝癌细胞株SMMC7721细胞凋亡的作用及可能机制,为其应用于肝细胞癌的化学预防和治疗提供实验和理论依据.方法采用TUNEL法和免疫细胞化学方法研究了不同浓度吲哚美辛对肝癌细胞株SMMC7712的诱导凋亡作用,及其对环氧合酶(COX)-2和凋亡相关基因p53、p27kipl、C-myc蛋白和Fas抗原表达的影响.结果①对照组、100、200、400、600和800μmol/L吲哚美辛组肝癌细胞的细胞凋亡指数分别为(2.4±1.4)%、(4.2±1.5)%、(8.0±3.2)%、(14.3±5.1)%、(14.9±4.3)%和(19.0±6.1)%(P＜0.0001).②对照组、100、200、400、600和800μmol/L吲哚美辛组COX-2的表达强度分别为强阳性、强阳性、强阳性、阳性、弱阳性和弱阳性.③对照组、100、200、400、600和800μmol/L吲哚美辛组p27kipl的阳性积分分别为0,3.7±1.4,12.3±2.4,26.3±4.5,44.4±5.1和60.6±7.8(P＜0.0001);p53阳性积分分别为5.3±1.2,6.1±2.3,24.1±6.1,46.2±6.9,47.3±6.6和49.0±5.1(P＜0.0001);C-myc的阳性积分分别为5.8±1.6,5.9±1.7,18.6±6.3,22.0±5.6,44.0±8.4,和44.3±6.1(P＜0.0001);Fas阳性积分分别为21.7±6.0,24.2±5.5,25.7±5.9,24.3±5.4,23.1±6.6和22.3±4.3(P＞0.05).结论吲哚美辛可诱导肝癌细胞凋亡,且与其抑制COX-2表达和上调肝癌细胞内p53、p27kipl、C-myc蛋白表达有关.     

前列腺素缺乏条件下促胃动力药胃复安对大鼠胃粘膜的损伤作用与可能机制

目的探讨前列腺素(prostaglandin,PG)缺乏条件下促胃动力药胃复安对大鼠胃粘膜的损伤作用与可能机制。方法 PG缺乏状态由5mg/kg吲哚美辛诱导;雄性SD大鼠随机分组:对照组;胃复安两组(30mg/kg,60mg/kg);吲哚美辛两组(5mg/kg,25mg/kg);吲哚美辛5mg/kg合用胃复安三组(10mg/kg,30mg/kg,60mg/kg);阿托品组(阿托品-吲哚美辛5mg/kg+胃复安60mg/kg),禁食24h后,生理盐水或吲哚美辛灌胃,30min后皮下注射胃复安或生理盐水,阿托品灌胃前10min皮下注射,4h后取血,处死大鼠取胃行损伤测定:放免法测血浆内皮素(Endothelin ET-1);生化法测—氧化氮(nitric oxide NO)、丙二醛(Malondialdhyde MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(Glutathioneperoxidase GSH-Px)含量。结果吲哚美辛合用胃复安三组胃粘膜均有明显损伤,ET-1、MDA升高(p<0.05.p<0.01),NO、GSH-Px下降(p<0.05,p<0.01);吲哚美辛25ng/kg组损伤严重,ET-1、MDA升高(p<0.01),NO、GSH-Px下降(p<0.01,P<0.05);胃复安60mg/kg胃有轻微损伤,各指标无显著变化;其余各组未见明显损伤及指标变化。结论(1)PG缺乏条件下促胃动力药胃复安可引起胃黏膜出血性损伤,可能与ET-1升高、NO下降致胃黏膜微循环紊乱有关.MDA升高,GSH-Px减少可能为损伤后的继发反应结果,加剧了黏膜损伤。(32)胃动力有潜在的引起胃黏膜损伤的能力,PG缺乏增加了胃黏膜对胃高动力的敏感性。提示临床上非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)服用者应慎用胃动力药,因为合用可能形成或加剧胃黏膜损伤。     

吲哚美辛对受损颈动脉再内皮化的作用及机制

目的研究吲哚美辛对受损颈动脉再内皮化的作用及机制。方法在SD大鼠体内通过球囊法制备颈动脉损伤模型,腹腔注射吲哚美辛,观察其对血管内皮修复的影响;密度梯度离心法获得大鼠单核细胞,应用EGM-2培养基体外诱导培养获得内皮祖细胞(EPCs)。采用不同浓度的吲哚美辛处理晚期EPCs24 h后,MTT法检测细胞的增殖活性,细胞差异贴壁法检测EPCs的粘附能力,改良的Boyden小室检测EPCs的迁移能力,Matrigel基质胶检测EPCs的成血管能力。结果吲哚美辛可明显促进损伤血管内皮的修复,其机制可能与吲哚美辛增强EPCs的增殖、粘附、迁移及成血管能力有关。结论吲哚美辛促进了损伤血管内皮的再内皮化进程。     

环氧合酶-2抑制剂对大鼠胃黏膜损伤愈合的影响

目的　环氧合酶 (COX)是合成前列腺素 (PGs)的关键酶 ,传统的非甾体抗炎药 (NSAIDs)抑制COX 1和COX 2活性 ,引起严重的胃肠道不良反应。特异性COX 2抑制剂有望成为不引起胃损伤的新型NSAIDs。本研究探讨特异性和非特异性COX 2抑制剂对盐酸诱导大鼠胃黏膜损伤愈合的影响。方法　雄性SD大鼠胃内给予 0 .6mol/LHCl1ml,Westernblot和免疫组化法分析胃黏膜COX 1和COX 2表达。盐酸灌胃后 10min ,实验组胃内给予NS 3980 .4、4、4 0mg/kg和吲哚美辛 4 0mg/kg ,对照组胃内给予 1%阿拉伯树胶 (AG) 5ml/kg。盐酸灌胃前和灌胃后 1、3、6、12、2 4及 4 8h分别处死大鼠 ,剖腹取胃 ,观察各组动物损伤指数 (LI)及光镜下的胃黏膜病理学改变。结果　盐酸灌胃后COX 2在表层上皮细胞和颈黏液细胞表达显著增加 ,NS 398和吲哚美辛均延迟胃黏膜损伤的愈合。盐酸灌胃后 12h ,NS 398组 (4和 4 0mg/kg)及吲哚美辛组的LI分别为 (1.4 2± 0 .2 3) % ,(1.4 2± 0 .2 9) %和 (1.6 2± 0 .4 4 ) % ,明显高于对照组的 (0 .5 8± 0 .2 4 ) % (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　特异性和非特异性COX 2抑制剂延迟大鼠胃损伤后的愈合 ,提示COX 2表达在胃黏膜再生过程中起重要作用     

磷酸化丝氨酶/苏氨酸蛋白激酶B与吲哚美辛诱导胃黏膜损伤的关系探讨

目的 探讨抗凋亡信号蛋白磷酸化丝氨酸,苏氨酸蛋白激酶B(AKT)表达水平与吲哚美辛诱导胃黏膜损伤的关系.方法 采用免疫印迹法检测吲哚美辛处理后的C57BL/6小鼠胃黏膜组织和大鼠胃黏膜细胞(RGM-1)中抗凋亡信号蛋白磷酸化AKT表达水平的变化.结果 吲哚美辛处理后的小鼠胃黏膜组织呈现典型的胃溃疡病理形态变化;和对照组相比,经吲哚美辛处理后的小鼠胃黏膜组织和大鼠胃黏膜细胞RGM-1中抗凋亡信号蛋白磷酸化AKT表达水平均明显降低.结论 抗凋亡信号蛋白磷酸化AKT表达水平降低可能是吲哚美辛诱导的胃黏膜损伤的一种新的机制.     

吲哚美辛使用情况调查及严重副作用分析

吲哚美辛 (ｉｎｄｏｍｅｔｈａｃｉｎ)又称消炎痛 ,化学名为 1 对氯苯甲酰 5 甲氧 2 甲基吲哚醋酸 ,是一种非水杨酸类的非甾类抗炎药 (ｎｏｎｓｔｅｒｏｉｄａｎｔｉ ｉｎｆｌａｍｍａｔｏｒｙｄｒｕｇｓ,ＮＳＡＩＤｓ)。自196 4年问世以来 ,吲哚美辛几经波折 ,因其副作用而倍受指责。但其良好的止痛和解热效果终为吲哚美辛赢得比较客观的评价 ,至今仍常用于风湿病的治疗中 ,尤其是强直性脊柱炎的治疗中[1 ] ,也可用于治疗动脉导管未闭、痛经、放环后出血等。近年来随着风湿病的逐渐被认识 ,患者中吲哚美辛使用有增加的趋势 ,加之为非处方…     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.