钬激光和铥激光在经尿道前列腺剜除术中应用的对比性研究

目的:研究、比较钬激光和铥激光在经尿道前列腺剜除术中的有效性和安全性。方法:将98例BPH患者分为两组,分别采用钬激光(Ho组)或铥激光(Th组)经尿道前列腺剜除术,比较两组患者手术前后IPSS评分、残余尿量、最大尿流率、手术失血量及电解质等指标变化。结果:两组患者年龄、前列腺体积、术前IPSS评分、残余尿量及最大尿流率等指标均无统计学差异(P均>0.05)。Th组手术时间67～145min,平均(84.6±10.2)min,出血量50～240ml,平均(126.5±14.6)ml。术后平均留置尿管时间2.4d。Ho组手术时间46～122min,平均(70.5±7.5)min,术中失血量80～400ml,平均(176.5±14.1)ml,无输血事件。术后平均尿管留置时间2.5d。Ho组手术时间较Th组短(P=0.032),而失血量似大于Th组,但并无统计学差异(P=0.071)。两组患者手术前后血红蛋白、血Na+、渗透压等均无明显差异,无电切综合征者。两组术前IPSS、残余尿、最大尿流率与术后第3个月指标相比,均存在统计学差异(P均<0.05)。各指标同期对比均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:钬激光或铥激光经尿道前列腺剜除术均可有效缓解下尿路梗阻症状(LUTS),其短期效果相当。术中铥激光止血效果确切,但解剖清晰度逊于钬激光。     

经尿道刀口变向钬激光前列腺剜除术术后尿失禁的多因素分析

目的 比较经尿道刀口变向钬激光前列腺剜除术(turning holmiun laser enucleation of the prostate, THo LEP)与经尿道直射钬激光前列腺剜除术(holmiun laser enucleation of the prostate, Ho LEP)治疗良性前列腺增生(benign prostatic hyperplasia, BPH)术后尿失禁的发生率,分析影响术后尿失禁发生的临床因素。方法 采用前瞻性、单盲、随机对照研究将120例前列腺增生患者随机分为THo LEP组和Ho LEP组,每组各60例。比较两组患者术后尿失禁的发生率,对可能引起尿失禁的危险因素进行进行单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 两组术前一般指标无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组均无真性尿失禁发生,THoLEP组术后拔除导尿管后24 h内尿失禁发生率低于Ho LEP组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);手术时间≥60 min、前列腺体积≥80 m L、合并有糖尿病等因素是发生术后尿失禁的危险因素。结论 两种钬激光解剖性前列腺剜除术治疗BPH近...     

钬激光前列腺剜除术后尿道功能障碍的康复效果

目的观察钬激光前列腺剜除术后尿道功能障碍的康复效果。方法 84例前列腺增生病人,根据入院顺序编号,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各42例;观察组采取钬激光前列腺剜除术治疗,对照组采取前列腺电切术治疗;随访3个月,比较两组围术期各项信息、手术并发症发生率,主观症状包括国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS评分),生活质量评分(QOL评分),勃起功能专项评分(IIEF-EF评分),客观症状包括最大尿流率(Qmax),残余尿量(PVR),最大逼尿肌压力(MDP)等改善情况。结果两组手术时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组术中出血量明显少于对照组,膀胱冲洗时间、尿管留置时间、住院时间均明显短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);两组病人在术后1个月和3个月均获得随访,观察组手术并发症发生率为19.05%,明显低于对照组的40.48%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组术后主观症状和客观症状均较术前明显改善,其中观察组术后1个月的IPSS评分为(7.92±1.47)分,低于对照组的(12.45±3.56)分,QOL评分为(1.26±0.53)分,低于对照组的(2.35±0.47)分,IIEF-EF评分为(18.41±5.62)分,高于对照组的(15.04±4.97)分,Qmax为(16.47±3.57)ml/s,大于对照组的(12.58±3.61)ml/s,PVR为(5.91±1.19)ml/s,少于对照组的(9.87±2.24)ml/s,MDP为(47.15±4.85)cmH_2O,大于对照组的(40.05±4.71)cmH_2O,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);两组术后3个月的IPSS评分、QOL评分、IIEF-EF评分、Qmax、PVR和MDP比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论前列腺增生病人钬激光剜除术后尿道功能障碍的康复效果确切、可靠,具有术后排尿、控尿和性功能恢复快等优点。     

TURP及HoLEP对合并膀胱逼尿肌活动过度的BPH手术效果的比较

目的:比较分析经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)及经尿道钬激光前列腺剜除术(Ho LEP)对合并膀胱逼尿肌活动过度的良性前列腺增生(BPH)的手术效果。方法:入组患者均为BPH合并膀胱逼尿肌活动过度,51例采用TURP,58例采用Ho LEP,评估两组患者在术后恢复期及术后3、6个月的排尿情况。结果:两组患者术前血PSA水平、前列腺体积、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量(Qo L)评分无显著差异,但是膀胱有效容量TURP组[(315±59)ml]优于Ho LEP组[(287±76)ml](P0.05)。术后评估两组患者储尿期症状均改善明显,TURP组IPSS评分中,储尿期评分从术前的(12.6±4.9)分降低到术后3个月的(7.5±3.9)分和术后6个月的(6.1±4.2)分;Ho LEP组储尿期评分从术前的(13.7±5.7)分降低到术后3个月的(7.9±4.2)分和术后6个月的(7.0±5.1)分,均有显著性差异(P均0.01)。Ho LEP组术后留置导尿管天数[(2.7±0.8)d vs(5.1±1.2)d]、术后膀胱挛缩天数[(4.1±1.9)d vs(5.8±2.4)d]、术后住院天数[(4.4±1.8)d vs(5.9±2.5)d]、术后3个月患者最大尿流率的改善情况[Ho LEP组术前为(7.9±3.7)ml/s,术后3个月为(16.8±4.3)ml/s;TURP组术前为(8.6±3.2)ml/s,术后3个月为(14.6±4.3)ml/s]均优于TURP组,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论:TURP和Ho LEP均能改善膀胱功能和膀胱逼尿肌活动过度,在术后恢复期内,Ho LEP手术较有优势,但是在术后3个月及术后6个月,两组手术改善排尿情况接近。     

经尿道钬激光前列腺剜除术对男性性功能的影响

目的比较钬激光前列腺剜除术(HoLEP)和经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)对有性生活的男性患者手术前后性功能的影响。方法随访2014年1月至2017年8月在本院采用钬激光前列腺剜除术(HoLEP)和经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)治疗良性前列腺增生患者622例,其中HoLEP 179例,TURP 443例,对其中年龄不超过75岁(307例)且手术前后有性生活史的患者进行问卷调查,比较术前术后国际勃起功能问卷(IIEF)的勃起功能专项评分(IIEF-EF)及性功能问卷(MSF-4)评分。结果 307例患者中顺利完成随访126例,仅有50例患者随访期间有规律性生活,其中HoLEP 27例,TURP 23例。中位随访时间15个月(IQR:9,21),失访181例。HoLEP术后IIEF-EF未出现有统计学意义的改变(P=0.203),TURP术后IIEF-EF评分下降,差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。两组术后MSF-4评分均较术前升高,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000),但在单项分析中HoLEP术后阴茎勃起质量(MSF-4-2)与术前相比无统计学差异(P=0.096),TURP组术后MSF-4-2较术前升高,且有统计学差异(P=0.009),两组射精情况(MSF-4-3)和性高潮情况(MSF-4-4)较术前相比,评分均出现升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。HoLEP组有18例(67%)发生逆行射精,TURP组有15例(65%)发生逆行射精。结论 HoLEP术后对患者性功能有影响,但与TURP对性功能影响并不相同,HoLEP对患者勃起功能影响较小,HoLEP对患者性功能的影响主要体现为逆行射精的发生率较高。     

钬激光与铥激光前列腺剜除术对勃起功能的影响

近年来钬激光与铥激光前列腺剜除术被广泛地应用于临床,其显著的疗效、较好的安全性以及较低的并发症发生率均已被证实。随着生活水平的提高,患者对于BPH的治疗已经不仅仅满足于下尿路症状的改善。这两种术式对男性性功能尤其是勃起功能的影响越来越受到重视,而相关研究并不是很多,且不同的研究之间也存在着一定的争议。大部分观点认为,这两种术式不影响患者勃起功能。也有一些研究表明少数患者术前勃起功能正常,术后出现了一定程度的勃起功能下降。虽然患者对勃起功能障碍的关注不多,但是心理因素也可能是影响勃起功能的一个重要因素,术前应当和患者充分沟通,了解手术对性功能产生不良影响的风险程度。本文就近年来发表的有关钬激光与铥激光前列腺剜除术对勃起功能影响的文献做一综述。     

钬激光前列腺剜除术治疗良性前列腺增生的自学学习曲线

目的探讨钬激光前列腺剜除术(holmium laser enucleation of prostate,Ho LEP)的手术效率、安全性及学习曲线。方法回顾性分析2014年6月~2015年6月一位具有500例以上经尿道前列腺电切术(transurethral resection of prostate,TURP)等腔内手术经验的泌尿外科医师采用钬激光前列腺剜除术治疗的第1~45例良性前列腺增生患者临床资料。按时间顺序分为A、B、C三组,每组15例。3组年龄、前列腺体积、前列腺特异抗原(prostate specific antigen,PSA)差异无显著性(P0.05)。比较3组手术时间、术后第1天血红蛋白下降值及留置尿管时间。用前列腺体积除以手术时间计算剜除效率。结果 3组手术剜除效率分别为(0.34±0.14)、(0.36±0.16)、(0.49±0.18)ml/min,组间比较有显著差异(F=4.025,P=0.025),C组较A组及B组剜除效率明显提高(P=0.013、0.028)。3组手术时间、血红蛋白下降值、保留尿管时间、术中输血例数、并发症例数差异无显著性(P0.05)。手术并发症包括中转TURP 2例,术后发热超过38℃5例,术后压力性尿失禁4例,膀胱损伤1例,尿道狭窄1例,术后活动性出血1例。Ho LEP自学学习曲线为30例。结论对于有腔内手术经验的泌尿外科医师,自学Ho LEP需经过30例手术实践,可使剜除效率显著提高。在学习曲线早期阶段应选取前列腺体积60 ml的病例。     

摩西技术钬激光平台整块法前列腺钬激光剜除术单中心初期经验

目的:探究摩西技术120 W钬激光(Ho:YAG laser)平台下运用整块法前列腺钬激光剜除术(Enbloc HoLEP)的安全有效性。方法:回顾性分析2017年4月~2018年4月在我院诊断为良性前列腺增生(BPH)并行En-bloc HoLEP的34例患者临床资料,其中在摩西技术120W钬激光平台(Lumenis Moses Pulse 120H)下完成的11例患者为Single组;在双子星Ho/Nd:YAG激光平台(Lumenis Versa Pulse Power Suite Dual 80/100 W)下完成的23例患者为Dual组。患者均由同1名经验丰富医生完成。收集两组患者术前年龄、前列腺体积、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)等基本资料,剜除时间及剜除组织重量等术中资料,术后第1天血红蛋白和钠、氯离子改变情况以及术后1个月的最大尿流率(Q_(max))、残余尿量(PVR)改变情况、术后并发症等临床资料。结果:两组患者均手术成功。两组患者术后IPSS、Q_(max)及PVR改善明显提示En-bloc HoLEP手术效果确切。两组术前患者基本资料中年龄、基础病史、前列腺体积差异均无统计学意义。Single组前列腺体积略大于Dual组,差异无统计学意义[(79.6±33.2)ml vs.(71.1±27.1)ml,P0.05]。Single组剜除前列腺腺体组织也相应地较Dual组大,差异也无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组基本保持1g/min的剜除速度,Single组较Dual组略快[(0.96±0.31)g/min vs.(0.9±0.25)g/min];Single组术后第1天血色素变化幅度也较Dual组更大,但两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。En-bloc HoLEP术后短期常见的并发症主要为尿失禁。结论:高功率摩西技术120 W钬激光平台在En-bloc HoLEP手术中表现优异,剜除速度优于双子星Ho/Nd:YAG激光平台,剜除效率更快,虽然止血效果不如后者,但二者差异无统计学意义。En-bloc HoLEP技术值得推广,但建议术者需具备一定的HoLEP经验。以上结论考虑到本研究样本量的限制,尚需要更大样本、前瞻性随机对照研究进一步证实。     

钬激光前列腺剜除术与电切术安全性及疗效比较

目的 比较并探讨钬激光前列腺剜除术(HoLEP)和传统经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)的安全性及疗效,旨在为良性前列腺增生症的临床治疗提供理论依据.方法 回顾性分析哈尔滨医科大学附属第四医院2015年1月-2016年1月收治的349例良性前列腺增生症患者的病例资料,并将其随机分成两组.其中172例患者选择行钬激光前列腺剜除术,另外177例患者选择行传统经尿道前列腺电切术.比较两组患者术中出血量、手术时间、术后导尿管留置时间、术后住院天数以及术后并发症(尿失禁、膀胱痉挛、出血)的发病率.随访3个月,重新评估IPSS、QOL、Qmax指标并比较疗效.结果 与传统经尿道前列腺电切术组相比,钬激光前列腺剜除术组患者的手术时间明显缩短、术中出血量及术后住院天数显著降低(P＜0.05),术后导尿管留置时间[钬激光前列腺剜除术组:(2.4±0.5)d;传统经尿道前列腺电切术组:(5.7±0.6)d,P＜0.05].明显减少,术中切除前列腺重量明显增加,术后并发症的发病率[钬激光前列腺剜除术组:5/172(2.9％);传统经尿道前列腺电切术组:19/177(10.7％),P＜0.01]显著下降.3个月后,两组术后PVR、IPSS、QOL以及Qmax较术前相比明显改善(P＜0.01),组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 钬激光前列腺剜除术与传统经尿道前列腺电切术相比疗效相当,但安全性更高.钬激光前列腺剜除术治疗临床前列腺增生症具有重要意义.     

铥激光剥橘式前列腺切除术对良性前列腺增生患者性功能影响的临床研究

目的:探讨铥激光剥橘式前列腺切除术对良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者性功能的影响。方法:选取我院120例采用铥激光剥橘式前列腺切除术进行治疗且尚有性生活的BPH患者为研究对象,随访并分析患者术前、术后6个月、12个月国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)、残余尿量(PVR)、最大尿流率(Qmax)指标,使用国际勃起功能指数-5(IIEF-5)评价患者勃起情况,并记录患者射精疼痛、精量减少及逆行射精发生率。结果:术后6、12个月IPSS评分、QOL评分、PVR较术前均显著下降,Qmax较术前显著上升(P0.05);术前和术后6、12个月的IIEF-5评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),勃起功能无明显下降。术后6、12个月精量减少、逆行射精发生率与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后6、12个月射精疼痛发生率与术前比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:铥激光剥橘式前列腺切除术对患者性功能的影响较少。铥激光本身属性以及本术式独特的切除方法,对性功能具有一定的保护作用。     

Effect of laser radiation on tissue during laser angioplasty

The thermal properties of adipose and ceramic atherosclerotic plaque deposits and normal arterial vessel wall were measured in the temperature range of 25-95 degrees C. In general, the data indicate that fatty plaques exhibit the lowest thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of the three types, whereas calcified plaques seem to have the highest values. By using a video scanning thermograph, temperature rise was recorded in normal vessel wall and plaque during ablation of tissue. Theoretical analysis suggested that realistic modeling of laser angioplasty should account for scattering of light, water content, and ablation. This paper is a preliminary report of these results.     

Argon laser angioplasty with a laser probe

A preliminary basic study of argon laser angioplasty with the use of a specially designed probe is presented. Arterial specimens were harvested from 10 amputated lower extremities. The studies included the evaluation of coaxial laser angioplasty in 10 partially or totally occluded arteries; the observation of the effect of perpendicularly applied laser energy on 35 thrombi, 54 soft and 10 hard atherosclerotic, and 51 normal arterial walls; the comparison of laser energy requirements for coaxial vessel lumen enlargement or recanalization vs. perpendicular penetration in 10 occluded, hard atherosclerotic arteries; and the spectrographic analysis of calcium density gradient in two specimens. The results showed that the power required for vessel lumen enlargement was 10 +/- 6 J/mm of atherosclerotic vessel (mean +/- standard deviation). The probe followed the original arterial lumen, did not perforate the vessel wall, and created a smooth, enlarged path. The power required to penetrate perpendicularly to a similar depth for thrombi, soft and hard atherosclerotic plaques, and normal arterial walls was 15 +/- 4, 30 +/- 15, 65 +/- 32, and 246 +/- 123 J/mm, respectively. In the hard calcified specimens, laser energy required for coaxial lumen enlargement or recanalization was significantly less than that for perpendicular penetration (p less than 0.05), which correlated with the calcium density map indicating an increase from inside to outside.     

Experimental study of application of excimer laser to laser angioplasty

The possible application of excimer laser to laser angioplasty was studied. In the first experiment, the ablative effects of excimer laser at wavelengths of 248 nm and 308 nm on the pig myocardium were examined in vitro at an air-tissue interface. Crater depth increased with total delivered energy and energy per pulse. Very clear cuts could be observed by histological examination. There was no evidence of thermal damage at a wavelength of 248 nm, at 10 pps. Above 10 pps, a thin bordering zone of suspicious thermal damage was noted with the wavelengths of 248 nm and 308 nm. Thermal damage increased with pulse repetition rate. In the second experiment, the effects of excimer laser irradiation on blood were examined. Five vials, each of which contained 3 ml of blood, were exposed to 37.5 mJ laser beam at 10 pps in repetition rate for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 seconds. One vial was left untreated as a control. No change in hematocrit value was observed after excimer laser irradiation. In contrast, the level of plasma free hemoglobin rose progressively with each increased duration of exposure. This result indicates that the lysis of erythrocytes does not occur in the laser-exposed cells. However, the damage to erythrocyte membrane took place as it was evidenced by progressive hemoglobin leakage into plasma. In the third experiment, the excimer laser was coupled to a 400 microns quartz optical fiber and the laser energy transmitted through the fiber was measured. At a wavelength of 308 nm, pulse energies up to 9 mJ were noted at the tip of the fiber. At a wavelength of 248 nm, the fiber tip was destroyed. In the fourth experiment, acute and chronic healing responses of normal canine arteries to excimer laser irradiation were studied in 4 mongrel dogs. The artery healed completely at the 18th day after the excimer laser irradiation. There was no evidence of thrombus formation and intimal hyperplasia in these arteries. The results suggest the applicability of excimer laser to laser angioplasty.     

Effects of laser parameters on pulsed Er-YAG laser skin ablation

Previous studies demonstrated that pulsed 2.94m Er-YAG laser radiation allows a precise etching of organic tissue with only minimal thermal damage. This makes the Er-YAG laser a promising tool for the careful removal of superficial skin lesions. In order to provide optimized laser parameters for potential clinical use and to enhance our understanding of the mid-infrared ablation process, we measured the ablation rate, temperature profile and damage zones for various pulse numbers, radiant energies and pulse repetition rates. Ablation is very efficient (about 6m J^–1 cm² for high radiant exposure) and the crater depth is exactly (1Hz) or nearly (2 Hz) linearly related to the radiant exposure. In contrast, no significant effects of the laser parameters on the thermal damage of the epidermis and the crater bottom were observed. In conclusion, for a future clinical use high radiant energies should be applicable without the disadvantage of enhanced damage.     

Endoscopic laser coagulation through an optical laser balloon

An endoscope was equipped with a saline-filled latex rubber balloon at its tip to displace contaminating blood, bile, or gastric contents during operative portoscopy, biliary endoscopy, or upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. A fiber with its tip inside the balloon transmitted energy from an Nd:YAG laser for coagulation of tumors in one bile duct cancer, in six portal vein growths from primary liver cancers, and in a superficially growing stomach cancer. The balloon increased the precision of irradiation by making lesions easier to identify through displacement of bile or blood and by keeping the fiber tip at a fixed position relative to the lesion. The technique, basic experimental studies, and clinical experiences are reported.     

Fundus laser coagulation using a video system of scanning laser ophthalmoscope

We modified a scanning laser ophthalmoscope for simultaneous photocoagulation of the retina and video recording. Using a diode laser (810 nm wavelength), we produced fundus lesions that scarred within 14 days. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Treatment of hypertrophic scars using laser and laser assisted corticosteroid delivery

Background and Objectives

Hypertrophic scars and contractures are common following various types of trauma and procedures despite skilled surgical and wound care. Following ample time for healing and scar maturation, many millions of patients are burdened with persistent symptoms and functional impairments. Cutaneous scars can be complex and thus the approach to therapy is often multimodal. Intralesional corticosteroids have long been a staple in the treatment of hypertrophic and restrictive scars. Recent advances in laser technology and applications now provide additional options for improvements in function, symptoms, and cosmesis. Fractional ablative lasers create zones of ablation at variable depths of the skin with the subsequent induction of a wound healing and collagen remodeling response. Recent reports suggest these ablative zones may also be used in the immediate post‐operative period to enhance delivery of drugs and other substances. We present a case series evaluating the efficacy of a novel combination therapy that incorporates the use of an ablative fractional laser with topically applied triamcinolone acetonide suspension in the immediate post‐operative period.

Methods

This is a prospective case series including 15 consecutive subjects with hypertrophic scars resulting from burns, surgery or traumatic injuries. Subjects were treated according to typical institutional protocol with three to five treatment sessions at 2‐ to 3‐month intervals consisting of fractional ablative laser treatment and immediate post‐operative topical application of triamcinolone acetonide suspension at a concentration of 10 or 20 mg/ml. Three blinded observers evaluated photographs taken at baseline and six months after the final treatment session. Scores were assigned using a modified Manchester quartile score to evaluate enhancements in dyschromia, hypertrophy, texture, and overall improvement.

Limitations

Small sample size and lack of a control arm.

Results

Combination same session laser therapy and immediate post‐operative corticosteroid delivery resulted in average overall improvement of 2.73/3.0. Dyschromia showed the least amount of improvement while texture showed the most improvement.

Conclusion

Combination same‐session therapy with ablative fractional laser‐assisted delivery of triamcinolone acetonide potentially offers an efficient, safe and effective combination therapy for challenging hypertrophic and restrictive cutaneous scars. Lasers Surg. Med. 45: 135–140, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Intraoral laser welding: ultrastructural and mechanical analysis to compare laboratory laser and dental laser

The Nd:YAG laser has been used since 1970 in dental laboratories to weld metals on dental prostheses. Recently in several clinical cases, we have suggested that the Nd:YAG laser device commonly utilized in the dental office could be used to repair broken fixed, removable and orthodontic prostheses and to weld metals directly in the mouth. The aim of this work was to evaluate, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), the quality of the weld and its mechanical strength, comparing a device normally used in dental laboratory and a device normally used in the dental office for oral surgery, the same as that described for intraoral welding. Metal plates of a Co-Cr-Mo dental alloy and steel orthodontic wires were subjected to four welding procedures: welding without filler metal using the laboratory laser, welding with filler metal using the laboratory laser, welding without filler metal using the office laser, and welding with filler metal using the office laser. The welded materials were then analysed by SEM, EDS and DMA. SEM analysis did not show significant differences between the samples although the plates welded using the office laser without filler metal showed a greater number of fissures than the other samples. EDS microanalysis of the welding zone showed a homogeneous composition of the metals. Mechanical tests showed similar elastic behaviours of the samples, with minimal differences between the samples welded with the two devices. No wire broke even under the maximum force applied by the analyser. This study seems to demonstrate that the welds produced using the office Nd:YAG laser device and the laboratory Nd:YAG laser device, as analysed by SEM, EDS and DMA, showed minimal and nonsignificant differences, although these findings need to be confirmed using a greater number of samples.