两种不同属源巨细胞病毒对树鼩肝细胞易感性的研究

目的研究不同属源巨细胞病毒（cytomegalovirus,CMV）株对树鼩原代肝细胞的易感性。方法分离培养树鼩原代肝细胞,利用感染剂量MOI为1的小鼠CMV（MCMV）Smith和人源性CMV（HCMV）AD169病毒株感染肝细胞,同时设立非病毒感染组（即空白对照组）,间接免疫荧光法检测肝细胞内及周边PP65蛋白表达。RT-PCR法检测培养肝细胞内MCMVSmithM152和HCMVAD169UL49mRNA。结果间接免疫荧光法可以观察到HCMVAD169组肝细胞内外均有PP65蛋白表达,提示病毒复制旺盛,而MCMVSmith组和非病毒感染组则显示PP65抗原不表达,RT-PCR结果确证树鼩肝细胞内有HCMVAD169UL49mRNA表达,未显示MCMVSmithM152mRNA表达,而非病毒感染组UL49和M152mRNA均不表达。结论HCMVAD169能感染体外培养的树鼩原代肝细胞,而MCMVSmith则不能。     

人巨细胞病毒AD169株引起小鼠脑部畸形的初步探讨

目的：探讨人巨细胞病毒(human cytomegalovirus，HCMV)感染昆明小鼠的敏感性，建立HCMV致畸的动物模型。方法：昆明系小鼠40只，随机分为两组：对照组(8只)和接种病毒组(32只)，病毒感染途径为脑内注射。在接种病毒7，15，30，60d后不同时期分别以病理学方法观察动物脑部发育特点，以免疫组织化学方法检查病毒抗原，PCR方法检测动物脑组织中HCMV基因。结果：接种HCMV AD169株的小鼠脑组织在不同时期发生了病理改变和脑部发育畸形，用免疫组织化学方法和PCR方法在脑组织细胞内检获HCMV抗原和基因。结论：HCMV ADl69株可引起小鼠脑部发育畸形，这对研究HCMV感染致畸的机制提供了有价值的参考依据。     

人巨细胞病毒AD169株引起小鼠脑部畸形的初步探讨

目的 :探讨人巨细胞病毒 (humancytomegalovirus ,HCMV)感染昆明小鼠的敏感性 ,建立HCMV致畸的动物模型。方法 :昆明系小鼠 4 0只 ,随机分为两组 :对照组 (8只 )和接种病毒组 (32只 ) ,病毒感染途径为脑内注射。在接种病毒 7,1 5 ,30 ,6 0d后不同时期分别以病理学方法观察动物脑部发育特点 ,以免疫组织化学方法检查病毒抗原 ,PCR方法检测动物脑组织中HCMV基因。结果 :接种HCMVAD1 69株的小鼠脑组织在不同时期发生了病理改变和脑部发育畸形 ,用免疫组织化学方法和PCR方法在脑组织细胞内检获HCMV抗原和基因。结论 :HCMVAD1 69株可引起小鼠脑部发育畸形 ,这对研究HCMV感染致畸的机制提供了有价值的参考依据     

人NSCs分化的Astrocyte系中HCMV感染的建立

目的研究HCMV能否感染体外培养的由人海马神经干细胞（NSCs）分化成的星形胶质细胞（astrocyte）。方法体外分离、培养人NSCs,诱导其定向分化为星形胶质细胞,观察细胞的形态学特点并分别进行免疫荧光鉴定。然后用HCMVAD169株感染分化细胞,观察细胞形态变化,检测胞内病毒蛋白表达,并收集感染细胞的培养液,添加到正常人胚肺细胞中,观察有无典型细胞病变出现。结果体外原代培养的人NSCs绝大多数都表达巢蛋白（nestin）,诱导其分化为星形胶质细胞后,细胞高表达神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）。HCMVAD169感染细胞7d后,细胞出现肿胀、变大变圆等典型病变,胞核内检测到HCMV即刻早期基因表达产物-IE蛋白,添加感染细胞的培养液到人胚肺细胞中,细胞也出现典型病变。结论上述结果说明：在体外培养的由人NSCs分化成的星形胶质细胞中,HCMVAD169能够建立增殖性感染,这可能与先天性感染导致脑发育异常有关。     

人巨细胞病毒感染对脐血淋巴系祖细胞增殖的影响

目的探讨人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)感染对脐血淋巴系祖细胞(CFU-TL)集落增殖能力的影响。方法采用甲基纤维素半固体培养CFU-TL集落,不同浓度HCMV-AD169持续攻击CFU-TL,观察计数CFU-TL集落数、抑制率、集落峰值时间及集落维持时间;用MTT法测量HCMV对宿主细胞增殖活性的影响;用流式细胞仪测定相应表面抗原阳性T-淋巴细胞百分率;并用聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术检测集落细胞内HCMV-AD169DNA。结果HCMV感染组CFU-TL集落数明显低于对照组(P<0.01),抑制程度与病毒感染滴度呈剂量依赖关系;HCMV感染组CFU-TL集落维持时间明显缩短,而各组集落出现时间及集落维持时间无明显差异;HCMV感染组48h、72h宿主细胞增殖指数分别1.59、1.28,感染96h、120h的增殖指数分别为0.58、0.32.;CD3+细胞较培养前明显提高,占集落组成细胞的(90.4±5.6)%,表明集落组成细胞中绝大部分细胞为T淋巴细胞;通过PCR,在HCMV感染组CFU-TL集落细胞内检测到HCMV-AD169存在。结论HCMV在体外试验中能抑制CFU-TL的分化和增殖;淋巴系祖细胞是HCMV的宿主细胞之一,HCMV-AD169能直接感染淋巴系祖细胞。此作用可能是HCMV感染所致的免疫功能低下的主要原因之一。提示HCMV感染引起的细胞免疫功能紊乱与CFU-TL受该病毒抑制有关。     

人巨细胞病毒诱导ECV304血管内皮样细胞凋亡

目的 探讨人巨细胞病毒（HCMV）感染ECV304血管内皮样细胞的致病机制。方法 常规方法传代细胞和接种病毒。以PCR法和间接免疫荧光法检测病毒即刻早期基因（IE gene）及其蛋白表达;相差显微镜及电子显微镜观察病毒感染后细胞和细胞器形态变化;DNA梯度法和流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。结果 病毒感染后72h开始出现胞体变圆、缩小、脱壁,胞质内颗粒增多,细胞边缘模糊不清的特征,可明显检测出病毒特异IEgene及其蛋白表达;电镜结果显示病毒感染96h后,胞质内明显空泡化,细胞膜微绒毛减少,核染色质浓集、边缘化,线粒体出现溶酶体化、空泡化和自噬现象,呈早期凋亡特征;DNA梯度电泳结果显示感染细胞DNA片段化特征的条带：流式细胞仪检测发现感染4d和6d时,细胞调亡率分别为4．1％和45．7％。结论 巨细胞病毒在体外细胞培养中可诱导ECV304血管内皮样细胞的凋亡。     

H CM V 兔胚肺细胞体外感染模型的建立

为探讨人巨细胞病毒（ＨｕｍａｎＣｙｔｏｍｅｇａｌｏｖｉｒｕｓ,ＨＣＭＷ）ＡＤ１６９毒株体外感染兔胚肺细胞（ＲａｂｂｉｔＥｍｂｒｙｏＬｕｎｇｃｅｌ,ＲＥＬ）的敏感性,建立ＨＣＭＶＡＤ１６９毒株感染模型,将ＨＣＭＶＡＤ１６９毒株定量接种于ＲＥＬ,观察细胞病理变化;用单克隆抗体－免疫组化方法检测细胞内ＨＣＭＶ抗原;电镜检测细胞内病毒颗粒,用ＥＬＩＳＡ方法检测经ＲＥＬ增殖病毒培养物ＨＣＭＶ抗原滴度,用人胚肺细胞（ＨｕｍａｎＥｍｂｒｙｏＬｕｎｇｃｅｌ,ＨＥＬ）滴定病毒毒力变化。结果表明,接种病毒后,ＲＥＬ于４８ｈ出现细胞肿胀,胞浆内出现折光性颗粒,逐渐变圆、脱落,其病变特征与该病毒在ＨＥＬ增殖出现的病变一致;用免疫组化法在胞浆及其核内查到ＨＣＭＶ抗原;用透射电镜观察,在细胞核内查到大量病毒颗粒;用ＥＬＩＳＡ方法在ＲＥＬ病毒培养物中查到ＨＣＭＶ抗原,抗原滴度与ＨＥＬ增殖的病毒一致;与ＨＥＬ增殖物比较,经ＲＥＬ增殖的病毒培养物毒力降低１００ＴＣＩＤ５０。表明ＲＥＬ是ＨＣＭＶＡＤ１６９毒株的敏感宿主细胞。     

生物素标记组合探针杂交检测患儿尿液以诊断巨细胞病毒感染

利用 HCMV AD 169株的克隆 DNA 片段制成生物素标记的组合探针进行临床标本的 HCMV DNA 的杂交检测,此探针特异性强,不与其它类 DNA 发生非特异性杂交,可检出25pg 同源 DNA,100～500个 HCMV 感染细胞或2.57LgTCID50 HCMV 病毒悬液.杂交法结果与病毒分离结果符合率极高.初步用于临床尿标本检测得出,先天畸型,乳儿肝炎及激素治疗三组患儿中,HCMV 的排毒率分别为100%(3/3),61%(11/18)和75%(3/4).提示 HCMV 可能是临床部分患儿的重要致病源.同时表明杂交法对 HCMV 感染的检测是快速、特异及敏感的.     

Recombinant Human IgG antibodies against Human Cytomegalovirus

Objective To study the passive immunization with human monoclonal antibodies as for prophylaxis of human cytomegalovirus （HCMV） infection. Methods Fab monoclonal antibodies to HCMV were recovered by repertoire cloning of mRNA from a HCMV infected individual. Antigen binding specificity, CDR sequence of VH and VL and neutralizing activity on HCMV AD169 stain were analyzed in vitro. The light and heavy chain Fd fragment genes of Fab antibodies were further cloned into a recombinant baculovirus expression vector pAC-K-Fc to express intact IgG. Secreted products were purified with affinity chromatography using protein G. Results SDS-PAGE and Western blot confirmed the expression of the intact IgG. Immuno-blotting and -precipitation were used to identify HCMV proteins. One Fab monoclonal antibody recognized a conformational HCMV protein. Conclusion IgG antibodies can neutralize the HCMV AD169 strain efficiently at a titer of 2.5 μg/mL and may prove valuable for passive immunoprophylaxis against HCMV infection in humans.     

Effect of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection on Nerve Growth Factor Expression in Human Glioma U251 Cells

Objective To explore the change of endogenic nerve growth factor （NGF） expression in human glioma cells infected with human cytomegalovirus （HCMV）. Methods U251 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 culture medium and infected with HCMV AD 169 strain in vitro to establish a cell model of viral infection. Morphologic changes of U251 cells were observed under inverted microscope before and after infection with HCMV. Expression of NGF gene and protein of cells was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting before and after infection with HCMV. Results The cytopathic effects of HCMV-infected cells appeared on day 5 after infection. However, differential NGF expression was evident on day 7. NGF expression was decreased significantly in U251 cells on day 7 after infection in comparison with control group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion HCMV can down-regulate endogenous NGF levels in human glioma cell line U251.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In vitro</Emphasis> study on human trophoblast cells infected with HCMV

Human trophoblast cells were isolated and cultured in vitro in order to investigate possible pathogenesis of intrauterine infection caused by HCMV.Trophoblast cells were obtained by compound enzymes digestion and discontinuous percoll gradient.Cells and purity were identified by using immunocytochemistry assay with anti-CK7,Vim and β-hCG antibodies.HCMV AD169 strain replication in isolated trophoblast cells and cell apoptosis were detected at different time points post infection(p.i.).The results showed tha...     

人巨细胞病毒对脐血多向祖细胞体外生长的影响及干预研究

目的探讨人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)对脐血多向造血祖细胞(CFU-Mix)体外增殖的影响及黄芪对此的保护作用.方法采用甲基纤维素半固体培养技术,培养、观察、计数HCMV-AD169感染的CFU-Mix集落数、抑制率、集落峰值及集落维持时间;用聚合酶链反应(PCR)和荧光定量PCR技术检测集落细胞内HCMV-AD169DNA.在110感染组中加入黄芪,观察黄芪对HCMV-AD169感染的CFU-Mix集落增殖抑制的干预作用.结果 HCMV-AD169感染的CFU-Mix集落数较对照组明显减少(P＜0.05),集落数随病毒感染滴度的增高而减少,抑制率随病毒感染滴度的增高而逐渐增加;感染组集落维持时间较对照组明显缩短(P＜0.01),但各组集落峰值出现时间无明显差异(P＞0.05);用PCR技术在感染组集落细胞内检测到HCMV-AD169DNA;在110感染组中加入黄芪后,CFU-Mix集落数明显提高,集落增殖提高率为38.9%,集落维持时间较110感染组明显延长(P＜0.01),荧光定量PCR技术检测集落细胞内HCMV-DNA copies较110感染组明显减少.结论在体外HCMV-AD169对CFU-Mix生长和集落形成有明显的抑制作用,HCMV能直接感染多向造血祖细胞,此可能与临床HCMV感染引起贫血、血小板减少和粒细胞减少有关;黄芪在体外有明显的抗HCMV作用.     

人巨细胞病毒在人胚肺成纤维细胞内的形态发生的观察

人巨细胞病毒接种人胚肺成纤维细胞后20分钟,可见病毒吸附和穿透过程。感染后18小时,在核内已出现包涵体,在其网眼内和网架上有核衣壳复制和装配。胞浆包涵体是病毒成熟时在胞浆中引起的一种细胞局灶性变性。溶酶体只吞噬和灭活小部分病毒,大部分病毒和致密体在囊泡内成熟时已获得包膜。它们以胞吐方式和细胞溶解方式释放到细胞外。     

人巨细胞病毒IE1真核表达载体的构建与表达

目的构建人巨细胞病毒（HCMV）IEl真核表达载体，观察其在真核细胞内的表达，为HC—MVIEl核酸疫苗的相关研究奠定基础。方法将质粒pNEBl93-IEl用Sal I、BamH I双酶切与载体pEGFP—C1连接构建重组载体pEGFP—C1-IEl；双酶切鉴定后，取重组载体pEGFP—C1-IEl用EcoR I 、Hind Ⅲ／双酶切与载体pcDNA3．1（-）连接构建重组质粒pcDNA3．I（-）-IEl，双酶切和测序鉴定；将重组质粒pcDNA3．1（-）-IEl转染HeLa细胞，RT—PCR检测IElmRNA的表达。结果重组载体pEGFP—C1-IEl和pcDNA3．1（-）-IEl双酶切后均可切出约1476bp目的片段；重组载体pcDNA3．1（-）-IEI测序结果登录C,enBank，作BLAST分析，含有1476bp目的基因片段，无碱基错配和移码突变，与读码框完全-致；转染重组载体pcDNA3．1（-）-IEl的细胞中可扩增出约1476bp的目的条带。结论成功地构建了真核表达载体pcDNA3．1（-）-IEl，且其能在真核细胞内袁达。     

HCMV大小鼠眼组织损伤模型的初步研究

为探讨低温技术在胎羊体外循环中的应用,将12头孕齿120－140d的白山羊随机分为常温组（37℃,n=6)和低温组（28℃,n=6),建立胎羊体外循环模型,体外转流1h,监测胎羊和母羊的体温、血压、心率和血气值。结果显示,低温转流中胎羊心率减慢,血液PH值下降明显。转流后低温组胎羊较常温组出现更为严重的低氧,高碳酸血症和酸中毒（P＜0．05）,血压下降明显,心率减慢,其中2头胎羊心脏停跳。表明胎羊体外循环中低温对胎儿－胎盘单元更为不利。     

Rapid detection of human cytomegalovirus DNA in urine samples by polymerase chain reaction in vitro gene amplification

In the detection of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA in the urine by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We have designed and synthesized two pairs of oligonucleotide primers (patent pending) corresponding to the specific and conserved DNA sequences of HCMV AD 169 strain. The sequences of the primers were checked that they did not have cross reaction with either normal human genomic DNA or with other herpesviruses. As less as 1fg of HCMV DNA (equal to the amount of DNA from four HCMV virions) in urine can be detected by the method A total of 47 urine specimens from infants suspected of HCMV infection was examined by PCR and conventional virus isolation simultaneously 31 samples were positive in both PCR and virus isolation; 12 samples were negative in either; 4 samples were positive in PCR but negative in virus isolation. So the samples were further examined by serology and the data showed that there was HCMV-specific IgM in all the virus isolation negative sera examined. The result suggests that HCMV in the above samples is possibly underdetected by virus isolation. Therefore the method described in the paper is a specific, sensitive, rapid conventional and non radioisotopic one for detection of HCMV in urine samples.     

In vitro transmission of HCMV between fibroblasts and peripheral blood leukocytes in the presence of IL-4

We demonstrated transmission of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) from the human lung fibroblast MRC-5 to peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs). mRNA of the HCMV immediately-early (IE) antigen was detected in PBLs cultured with IL-2 or IL-2 + IL-4 that made direct contact with HCMV-infected MRC-5, whereas it was not detected in PBLs prevented from making cell-to-cell contact. However, mRNA of HCMV IE was not detected in PBLs cultured with IL-2 and IFN-gamma that made direct contact with HCMV-infected MRC-5. Transmission of the pp65 antigen was increased in culture medium containing IL-4. At a higher viral infection titer, cell-free HCMV infected adherent PBLs cells. The subset, which did not adhere, did not infect cell-free viruses even at a very high multiplicity of infection. Moreover, the adhered subset of PBLs infected with HCMV was able to transmit HCMV to non-infected fibroblasts. Our results suggest that cell-to-cell contact (when PBLs make direct contact with HCMV-infected cells) is important in the mechanism of HCMV transmission and that the adherent cells of PBLs are one of the most important vehicles for HCMV infection. Moreover, we suggest that type 2 cytokines such as IL-4 enhance the transmission of HCMV to PBLs.     

人巨细胞病毒对细胞周期调控靶点-p53的影响

目的:了解HCMV对细胞周期调控靶点p53的影响。方法:建立体外HCMV感染HEL模型，用倒置显微镜观察不同时间下各组HEL的病变效应和用S—P免组化法检测p53蛋白的表达并以FQ—PCR法检测HEL细胞内HCMVDNA拷贝数。结果:(1)HCMV感染使HEL细胞发生病变，细胞内HCMVDNA拷贝数随时间的延长逐渐增加。(2)S—P免疫组化结果提示HCMV感染使HEL细胞p53蛋白的水平升高。结论:HCMV的感染改变了细胞内p53的水平，可能影响其在细胞周期中的正常功能，营造可能有利于病毒复制的环境。     

不同感染状态下人巨细胞病毒基因活性的实验研究

目的探讨人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)潜伏和活动性感染状态下病毒基因复制特点。方法选择两种不同滴度HCMV感染传代培养的人胚肺成纤维细胞,建立持续稳定感染和活动感染细胞模型。在感染不同时段,分别采用FQ-PCR和RT-PCR法监测HCMVDNA复制及其主要衣壳蛋白(MCP)mRNA转录情况,光镜观察致细胞病变作用(CPE)、电镜检查细胞超微结构改变。结果两组细胞内均检测到HCMVDNA复制,但活动性感染的B组细胞内HCMVDNA负荷量显著高于A组(P<0.05),其复制速度也较快,并且检测到了水平逐渐升高的MCPmRNA转录,细胞出现进行性加重的CPE和超微结构改变;而潜伏感染的A组未检到MCPmRNA,亦未发现细胞病变。结论高负荷量HCMVDNA复制和晚期蛋白MCPmRNA转录是HCMV活动性感染的重要特点。